CN1519217A - Fertilizer special for cotton - Google Patents
Fertilizer special for cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN1519217A CN1519217A CNA031180450A CN03118045A CN1519217A CN 1519217 A CN1519217 A CN 1519217A CN A031180450 A CNA031180450 A CN A031180450A CN 03118045 A CN03118045 A CN 03118045A CN 1519217 A CN1519217 A CN 1519217A
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- cotton
- fertilizer
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- nitrogen
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Abstract
A special fertilizer for cotton contains N, P and K in the ratio of (9-16):(6-13):(9-16), special additive, Zn, B, Mg and S. Its advantages are high yield and high quality of cotton fibres.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special-purpose fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of fertilizer special for cotton.
Background technology
Cotton originates in the torrid zone, is the perennial woody plant, through long-term artificial culture, become the yearly plant that suits in the temperate zone growth, cotton happiness temperature, happiness light, well developed root system, more cold-resistant, have the habit of indeterminate growth, it is nourished and grown and reproductive growth is gone forward side by side simultaneously.Be divided into 4 stages the breeding time of cotton, i.e. seedling stage, squaring period, flowering period and the term of opening bolls.About about 200 days, each breeding time, the requirement to temperature, moisture and nutrient had nothing in common with each other whole growing greatly.The temperature in seedling stage is advisable for 20～30 ℃, and 25～30 ℃ of flowering period are better, and the term of opening bolls is then low; To the nutrient requirement, should suitably control nutrient seedling stage, to cultivate strong sprout, from buddingging, blooming to the knot bell, is cotton nutrient growth and reproductive growth the most vigorous period, needs a large amount of nutrients, and behind the beginning blow-of-cottons, growth is gradually slow, and the demand of nutrient and moisture is also reduced gradually.
Cotton is as one of main cash crop, and very wide in China's cultivated area, the production of cotton and people's daily life are closely bound up, improve cotton quality, improves output of cotton, is significant with uplifting the people's living standard to developing our light and textile industries.Yet, some places plant cotton output height why, fiber quality is outstanding, and are some places very poor? this is except outside the Pass having with soil, moisture, illumination natural condition, and also the fertilizing management with cotton has very big relation.In order to improve output of cotton and to improve quality, except that the cultivation management measure of adopting improved seeds and advanced person, rationally use the complete fertilizer of nutrient very important effect is arranged, a kind of nutrient is complete based on developing, reasonable ratio, can satisfy the purpose of cotton growth reproduction desired nutritional, we set about from cotton biochemical characteristic, the fertile rule research of suction, by soil analysis is surveyed in many each regions, return theory, balance fertilizing, the technical know-how of slowly-releasing by stages in conjunction with nutrient, Development and Production goes out a kind of fertilizer special for cotton, through on probation, obtained extraordinary effect.
Growing of cotton through stages such as seedling stage, flower bud phase, flowering and boll-setting period, titbit phases.General per mu yield gined cotton double centner needs absorbed nitrogen (N) 7～8 kilograms, phosphorus (P
2O
5) 4～6 kilograms, potassium (K
2O) 7～15 kilograms; Per mu yield gined cotton needs absorbed nitrogen (N) 20～37 kilograms, phosphorus (P for 200 kilograms
2O
5) 7～12 kilograms, potassium (K
2O) 26～33 kilograms.The period that cotton growth is grown is longer, before initial bloom stage, to enlarge nourishing body, takes root, long shoot, increases leaf; After the initial bloom stage, the growth of vegetative organ is gradually slow, and to increase flower bud, to bloom, tie bell, the Nutrition and Metabolism characteristics of different growth stage cotton are also different.
Cotton is emerging when buddingging, and the cotton plant body in this period is little, and leaf area is also less, and photosynthate is few, and the quantity of absorbed nitrogen is relatively also few.But nitrogen metabolism is more vigorous, cotton in life contain nitrogen level with this period for the highest, the carbohydrate overwhelming majority is used for synthetic protein, forms the structural material of leaf and stem, it is interior with the soluble state interim storage that part nitrogen then transports stem to.The ratio of nitrogen in leaf is big in stem.As seen, this moment, nutritive substance was mainly used in the growth of leaf, and the soluble nitrogen content of stem is higher, mainly plays the storage effect.In this period, the sugar degree level is lower, and cotton plant is because of the restriction poor growth of carbohydrate.The cotton plant nitrogen content accounts for 4.5% of nutrient accumulation total amount, and phosphorus content is 3.1%, lacks than the accumulation of nitrogen.Cotton seedling potassium content accounts for 4.1%, and is identical with the variation tendency of nitrogen, all higher at seedling, flower bud phase.
Cotton is buddingging to blooming Sheng during the phase, be the fastest period of growth rate of cotton plant this period, cauline leaf increases, the carbohydrate content rising reaches the peak first time in life in the body, simultaneously, root system also builds up substantially, and the ability that absorbs nutrient is strengthened greatly, and the assimilation of carbon and the absorption of nitrogen all reach higher level.The Synthesis of nutrient begins to forward to and nourishes and grows and reproductive growth is gone forward side by side period, and still preponderates to nourish and grow.The nitrogenous percentage aluminium of this cotton plant in period descends gradually, on average remains on 2.46%, and the content of stem's soluble nitrogen also drops to 0.32%, and the nitrogen content of cotton leaf greatly descends.Meanwhile, the cotton plant sugar degree obviously increases with the progress of fertility, full phase average out to 14.09%, wherein stem accounts for major portion.In this period, carbon, nitrogen metabolism have reached the most vigorous period, and the nutrient supply of correctly grasping this period is most important to increasing the guarantor cotton buds and bolls.Because leaf area moves closer to maximum period; the metabolism of carbon reaches the climax; at this moment too much as the nitrogen supply; carbohydrate has been used the synthetic nitrogen compound too much; promote the vegetative organ excessive increase; regular meeting causes cotton plant excessive growth, increases fruit abscission rate, thereby the cotton fertility in earlier stage will avoid using too much nitrogenous fertilizer.The potassium content of cotton plant top vane with the flower bud phase for the highest, enter behind the flowering and boll-setting period and descend rapidly.Increase potash fertilizer, can improve potassium content in the cauline leaf, particularly evident to the raising of potassium content in the stem.
Cotton blooms the Sheng phase to beginning wadding during the phase, this in period cotton plant the peak mistake of nourishing and growing, change reproductive growth over to and preponderate, at this moment cotton plant endotrophic material is mainly for the cotton boll growth, and the young leaves birth reduces, and original blade is old and feeble gradually, the middle and lower part blade is owing to cover, and photosynthetic usefulness reduces.Thereby at this moment the cotton plant sugar degree begins to descend gradually from the peak of full-bloom stage, drops to closely 10% to the term of opening bolls, and it is used that the sugar of stem's storage mostly is cotton boll greatly, and its content also descends rapidly.Later stage is then directly supplied with the cotton boll growth master that is required to be with monose.At this moment root is because of can not get the supply of overground part carbohydrate, and receptivity weakens gradually, and the nitrogen metabolism function is also sharply reduced, and influences the growth of overground part conversely again, and at this moment the potassium content of cotton plant also descends to some extent.In a large amount of knot bell period, the content of phosphorus and potassium increases sharply in the genital organ.Phosphorus potassium is under-supply, all can influence the picked-up to nitrogen.
Cotton is when beginning blow-of-cottons to receipts bow structure bundle, this in period cotton boll the nutrition supply center that is grown to serve as, the contained nutrient of vegetative organ reduces gradually, and the contained nutrient in the genital organ improves constantly, npk nutrient is transported to genital organ from vegetative organ, supplies with the cotton boll growth in the mode of utilizing again.
Cotton is comprehensive to the nutrient demand amount:
Nitrogen is the most important nutritive element of cotton, and it is proteinic important component, can quicken chlorophyllous formation, promotes to nourish and grow and tissue differentiation, helps the formation and the growth of bud bell.The nitrogen stress symptom: the flavescence of leaf look, plant are short and small, early ageing, fruit branch is few, bud is few, fruit abscission rate is many.When nitrogen was too much, branches and leaves were too flouring, and the bud bell comes off many, can cause the underproduction.
Phosphorus participates in carbohydrate, fat and a series of metabolic processes such as proteinic synthetic, decomposition and transportation, the phosphorus supply abundance helps cotton root system growths, cotton buds and bolls maturation, reduce come off, blow-of-cottons morning, the raising cotton quality.Can cause cotton seedling early ageing when phosphorus is too much certainly.
Potassium mainly plays a part coenzyme and activator, influences photosynthesis, and the primary process of the speed of photophosphorylation and reductive action particularly has substantial connection to the synthetic and transportation of proteinic carbohydrate.Potassium deficiency symptom: " cotton rust " symptom can occur, beginning is the yellowy hickie of appearance on the blade tip of old blade and the leaf margin, and expand to leaf texture between the vein gradually, it is green that hair, lateral vein and areas at both sides keep, so form yellow, green alternate floral leaf, its shape is like " tiger fur speckle ", and last blade is shrivelled to come off.The cotton potassium deficiency makes leaf rolling be the shank shape, the cotton buds and bolls dysplasia, and bell heavily reduces, and fiber is short, and fibrous quality is poor.
Fertiliser containing magnesium is grown important to cotton growth, the cotton magnesium deficiency is chlorosis between old vein, and netted vein is clear, occurs the purple patch later on even full leaf reddens, and keeps green between vein, and lower blade comes off ahead of time.Cotton a lack of sulfur symptom is also apparent in view, the plant slight of stature, and whole plant becomes pale green or yellow-green colour, and postpone breeding time.Cotton is relatively more responsive to boron, occurs the many sap green endless belt of religion on the cotton bud stage petiole of boron deficiency fertilizer, and hand touches uneven, terminal bud atrophy, stem can not normal growths, form big bunch of plant type of bull, form the dysplasia phenomenon of " flower bud and not spending, flower and bell not ", have a strong impact on output.
Cotton is a kind of all nutrition type crop, nourish and grow and reproductive growth is gone forward side by side simultaneously, but the nutrient that each absorbs breeding time is widely different, and two months absorbed nitrogen phosphorus potassium total amounts account for 8%～10% of breeding time from the seedling stage to the squaring period; Account for about 60% of whole growing from squaring period to becoming the bell phase to absorb the three elements nutrient; Form flower bud and absorb nutrient latter stage to growth and obviously descend, only account for about 30% of whole growing.So the principle of fertilising is to reach not excessive growth in early days, the middle peach of seat early, the later stage is not taken off fertilizer.
The fertilizer-sucting quantity of cotton is along with the height of output is widely different, and for example, per hectare is produced 750 kilograms of gined cottons, and the fertilizer-sucting quantity of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is respectively 130.5 kilograms, 48.0 kilograms and 115.5 kilograms; When lint yield was increased to 2250 kg/ha, the fertilizer-sucting quantity of nitrogen phosphorus potassium was increased to 270 kilograms, 90 kilograms and 276 kilograms respectively, and the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium was increased to 1: 0.33: 1.03 by 1: 0.36: 0.89.Along with the raising of output, the assimilation ratio of potassium obviously increases.The economic amount of nitrogen of cotton is 135 kg/ha, and high rates of nitrogen are 165 kg/ha; Phosphorus potash fertilizer consumption is decided on soil nutrient status, and when soil available phosphorus was lower than 20 mg/kg, the per hectare phosphorus application amount was advisable with 90 kilograms, but the highlyest exceeds with 109.5 kg/ha.The potash fertilizer consumption, when the soil quick-acting potassium content was 50～100 mg/kg, per hectare was executed potassium and is advisable for 150 kilograms, and when being 100～150 mg/kg as if quick-acting potassium content, per hectare is executed 75 kilograms in potassium or is not executed.And existing single fertilizer can not satisfy the needs that cotton needs fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of special-purpose fertilizer, a kind of fertilizer special for cotton particularly is provided, cotton is a kind of all nutrition type crop, to satisfy the needs of nourishing and growing with reproductive growth.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following way: the nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio of composite fertilizer special is 0.8～1: 0.5～0.67: 0.9～1.1, the enforcement proportioning is N: P: K=9～16: 6～13: 9～16, can increase the sowing amount of trace element zinc, boron in right amount according to the region nutritional deficiency symptom, fertiliser containing magnesium and sulfur fertilizer are bigger to output of cotton and quality influence, should add an amount of fertiliser containing magnesium and sulfur fertilizer when producing special-purpose fertilizer.
The little fertilizer that adds in general, zinc is selected zinc sulfate for use, magnesium is selected fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate or sal epsom for use, boron is selected borax for use.Fertilizer special for cotton is to inhale fertile rule preparation period according to difference growth reproduction, need slowly-releasing by stages, prolong fertilizer efficiency, except that using a certain amount of sustained release dosage parcel, also need use raw material with slow releasing function such as sepiolite, marble dust, calcium magnesium phosphorus as additive, use the benefit of marble dust and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate to be: to get final product slowly-releasing, can provide effective magnesium elements again.Phosphate fertilizer adopts general calcium better, and the phosphorus element both was provided, and element sulphur is provided again, and it is better than using vitriolate of tartar that potash fertilizer uses Repone K, mainly is that effect is rapider.Though cotton is not a fear-chlorion crop, use Repone K to be enough to guarantee the supply of chlorine element, should not use ammonium chloride to make nitrogenous source, otherwise the plain excessive meeting of chlorine cause the chlorine evil, causes fruit abscission rate to increase, the cotton fibre flavescence that shortens, downgrade.
Mix little fertilizer and be Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate, borax, sal epsom and prepare with certain proportion, the specialist additive composition is that sepiolite, marble dust, zeolite powder, wilkinite are formed by a certain percentage; The organic slow-release agent sprays in the face powder tube, and consumption is 1/3 of a liquid anti-hard caking agent.Liquid anti-hard caking agent C:2 consumption is 1.5～2%.
Positively effect of the present invention is: behind the special-purpose fertilizer of producing with above prescription, energy stable market supply nutrient in the whole growth reproductive process, cotton buds and bolls setting percentage height, cotton buds and bolls are big and come off few, after particularly having added an amount of trace element, all do not have the nutritional deficiency symptom before and after growing and occur.Output of cotton improves about 15%, and cotton fibre increases, bleaches, and it is excellent that fibrous quality obviously becomes, average yield per mu gined cotton 110～120 kg, 132 kilograms of the highest per mu yields.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:N: P
2O
5: K
2O=10: 7: 11
Urea 15% sulphur ammonium 10%
One ammonium, 10% high dense general calcium 15%
Homemade white potassium 20% mixes little fertile 10%
Calcium magnesium phosphorus 3.5% specialist additive 25%
Embodiment 2:N: P
2O
5: K
2O=12: 8: 13
Urea 16% sulphur ammonium 15%
One ammonium, 10% high dense general calcium 20%
The white potassium 21.5% of import mixes little fertile 1.8%
Calcium magnesium phosphorus 5% specialist additive 11.7%
Embodiment 3 N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15: 10: 15
Urea 25% sulphur ammonium 15%
Coarse whiting 20% high dense general calcium 10%
The white potassium 25% of import mixes little fertile 2%
Calcium magnesium phosphorus 5% specialist additive 10%
Claims (5)
1, a kind of special-purpose fertile, comprise a kind of fertilizer special for cotton, it is characterized in that: nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 0.8～1: 0.5～0.67: 0.9～1.1, and the enforcement proportioning is N: P: K=9～16: 6～13: 9～16, and the adding specialist additive, trace element zinc, boron, fertiliser containing magnesium and sulfur fertilizer.
2, a kind of fertilizer special for cotton according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: special-purpose additive mainly comprises sepiolite, marble dust, zeolite powder, wilkinite in the special-purpose fertilizer.
3, the described a kind of fertilizer special for cotton of claim 1, it is characterized in that: zinc mainly comprises zinc sulfate in the special-purpose fertilizer.
4, according to the described a kind of fertilizer special for cotton of claim 1, it is characterized in that: magnesium mainly comprises magnesium fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate or sal epsom in the special-purpose fertilizer.
5, according to the described a kind of fertilizer special for cotton of claim 1, it is characterized in that: boron mainly comprises borax in the special-purpose fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031180450A CN1519217A (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Fertilizer special for cotton |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031180450A CN1519217A (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Fertilizer special for cotton |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1519217A true CN1519217A (en) | 2004-08-11 |
Family
ID=34284798
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031180450A Withdrawn CN1519217A (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2003-01-24 | Fertilizer special for cotton |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1519217A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102491842A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆慧尔农业科技发展有限公司 | Long-acting slow release fertilizer special for cotton and preparation method thereof |
| CN102976815A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-20 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer applicable to cotton planting of low-medium fertility area |
| CN102976822A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-20 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer applicable to cotton planting of high fertility area |
| CN103030479A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-10 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Controlled availability special BB fertilizer for cotton and preparation thereof |
| CN103102223A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-05-15 | 孟庆华 | Special lecithin-coated slow release fertilizer for cotton and production method of fertilizer |
| CN104370657A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-02-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Preparation method of liquid foliage fertilizer for cotton |
| CN104402601A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-11 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Basal fertilizer special for Huanghai Plain cotton, and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-01-24 CN CNA031180450A patent/CN1519217A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103030479A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-10 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Controlled availability special BB fertilizer for cotton and preparation thereof |
| CN102491842A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆慧尔农业科技发展有限公司 | Long-acting slow release fertilizer special for cotton and preparation method thereof |
| CN102976815A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-20 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer applicable to cotton planting of low-medium fertility area |
| CN102976822A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-20 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer applicable to cotton planting of high fertility area |
| CN103102223A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-05-15 | 孟庆华 | Special lecithin-coated slow release fertilizer for cotton and production method of fertilizer |
| CN104370657A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-02-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Preparation method of liquid foliage fertilizer for cotton |
| CN104402601A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-11 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Basal fertilizer special for Huanghai Plain cotton, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C04 | Withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |