CN102487836A - Construction method and feeding method of free-range organic pig feeding environment in mountainous district - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method and a feeding method of a free-range organic pig feeding environment in a mountainous district. The construction method comprises environment selection and farm foundation construction, wherein in the environment selection, a mountain slope which is dry in soil quality and better in water drainage and is exposed to the sun and positioned on the lee side in the mountainous district utilizing forestry as a natural barrier is utilized as free-range land, the total gradient of the mountain slope does not exceed 25%, and the gradient of a building area is within 25 degrees; and the foundation construction comprises pigpen construction and pig mess hall construction. According to the feeding method, organic feed is utilized as a food source of pigs and comprises organic corns, organic vegetables, beans or bean pulp and wheat bran, and the average daily feed intake of each pig is 4%-7% of the body weight of each pig. According to the invention, the organic pig feeding environment is determined from the aspects of organic pig culture environmental condition selection and hogpen construction, so that the problem of environment pollution in organic pig culture is fundamentally controlled, thus organic live pig culture can be really realized. Simultaneously, according to the invention, sufficient space is provided for organic pigs, the amount of exercise is increased, the disease resistance is enhanced, and the pork quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecologically raising pigs technical field, be specifically related to construction and raising method that organic swine rearing environment is raised in a kind of mountain area scattered.
Background technology
In the last few years, domestic and international food security particularly animal food safe and sanitary problem took place repeatedly, and harm is serious, has become a global outstanding problem.EFSA's on April 19,2010 (EFSA) delivered a technical report about animal and animal product veterinary drug residue; The result finds; Surpassed in 2000 (0.27%) samples of statutory restrictions; The use of antimicrobial has accounted for defective result's 46%, is hormone (19%) secondly, and what classify as " other veterinary drug products " accounts for 18%.According to the animal species branch, find among the result that the ratio of pig the highest (39%) is milk cow (31%) and poultry (17%) secondly.In the food-safety problem incident of China, the food poisoning that causes with meat and meat products is maximum, accounts for 21.88%.Along with the frequent appearance of these food-safety problems, increasing consumer trends towards selecting organic food.At present, whole world organic farming development speed is very fast, but organic animal products lacks relatively.China comprises kinds such as chicken, sheep, ox, pig through the product of organic livestock and poultry cultivation authentication, mainly is distributed in ground such as Xinjiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Liaoning and Jiangsu.The coastal economy developed regions have been produced organic tea, organic rice, organic vegetable, organic fruits and have been sold to the domestic and international market, but do not produce organic meat products as yet.
Because the organic food manufacturing requirements is very high, will satisfy Animal behaviour, welfare in particularly organic pork pig production process, prevent to pollute; Protection and control production cost; Limiting factor is more, produces comparatively difficulty, therefore; The organic food of countries in the world mainly is organic grain, organic vegetable, organic fruits, organic tea and organic beef or mutton, produces the national less of organic pork and organic chicken.At present, the whole world has only a handful of countries to produce organic pork pig.About rare report in the production technology document of organic pig and the patent, only relevant for the patent report of the method for organic, green, environment-friendly type animal feed and ecologically raising pigs.Henan Yang Junfeng, Zhang Weiguo have invented a kind of organic pig premix, the number of applying for a patent: 200710189951.8; Wang Yi, Yang Huimin have invented a kind of feed pre-mixing material of producing organic (green, nontoxic) animal flesh, the number of applying for a patent: 200510071563.0; A kind of method of utilizing microecological fermentation bed to raise pig comprises the construction of colony house and the preparation method of microbial fermentation bed, the number of applying for a patent: 200610131672.1; The Su Shuijin in Xiamen, Wu Defeng, Yang Aiwen, Wu Lihong disclose a kind of pearl millet of planting on the pig farm on every side; Below, pig farm construction methane generating pit; Natural pond fertilizer is as the fertilizer of pearl millet, and pearl millet is cooperated with concentrated feed, adds the vegetable source natural immunity regulatin remedy simultaneously; Be built into plant, animal, the eucyclic ecological pig-culturing method of microorganism, the number of applying for a patent: 200510045471.5; Zhang Zhongquan has invented a kind of a kind of efficient ecology ' fool ' pig cultivation method of raising from feed and feeding and management method aspect, the number of applying for a patent: 200710163233.3; The method that people such as the Lv Dequan in Jilin, Zhou Honglu, Sun Wei have invented a kind of indigenous microorganism fermentation bed ecologically raising pigs, the number of applying for a patent: 200810094397.X; It is 200810016579.5 that the number of applying for a patent is arranged, and a kind of biological method for culturing pigs belongs to the floor covering technical field that stock raising is used; Li Ji, Peng Shengping, Kang Wenli, high youngest brother utilize complex microorganism additive to feed, and utilize microbial bacterial agent that pad pin material and ight soil are handled, and a kind of method of low emission ecologically raising pigs are provided, the number of applying for a patent: 200810223733.6.
In sum, the breed of ecologically raising pigs and organic pig research mainly concentrates on aspects such as feed development and feeding and management method, and wherein Su Shui gold etc. has proposed the ecological cultivation method that utilizes plant, animal, microorganism to carry out recycle.Related patent U.S. Patent No. is not seen in environmental selection and pig farm construction to the ecologic breeding of pig, and organic swine rearing environmental construction is more not mentioned.
Summary of the invention
The present invention confirms organic swine rearing environment from the environmental condition selection of organic pig breed and the construction aspect on pig farm, the pollution problem that from the source organic pig of control is cultured, exists in the environment, thereby from truly realizing the organic cultivation of live pig.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a kind of mountain area scattered, comprises environmental selection and plant's capital construction, it is characterized in that:
Environmental selection with the forest is that soil property is dry in the mountain area of the natural cover for defense, draining is good, the leeward hillside that faces south is for raising ground scattered, and the total gradient in hillside is no more than 25%, and the building area gradient is in 25 °;
Capital construction comprises:
Pig house is the main body with a plurality of caverns of hand excavation on the hillside; Said cavern is in same step on the hillside, so that cavern is on the same horizontal plane deduction and exemption ponding; Hole top is provided with the transverse drain ditch, in order to avoid soil layer and scenery with hills and waters are dumped in the hole from the top, hole on the rain drop erosion mountain top;
Raising ground periphery scattered, replacing fence with ditching, both can draining, can pig be limited in the raising scope again, avoid pig to wander away;
Set up the pig feed hall,, do not have the circle wall all around, in cool canopy, be built into fixedly feed trough by brick and cement with bamboo, cool canopy of straw mulch;
Raising method: with the organic feed is food source, and said organic feed comprises organic corn, organic vegetable, beans or dregs of beans, wheat bran; Average daily feed intake is the 4%-7% of self body weight.
Characteristics of the present invention also are:
Top, the hole of said cavern scrapes out dome-shaped, in order to avoid the danger of collapsing, circle is cut at the hole, the pig body in order to avoid pig is damaged when coming in and going out; The angle of inclination that platform is from high to low to the hole in the hole in the hole is provided with, so that the platform draining is good in the hole, avoids rainwater to pour in down a chimney in the hole, keeps the hole inner drying.
The high 1-1.5 rice of said cavern, long 2-3 rice, wide 1.5-2 rice, the wide 0.9-1.2 rice in hole, hole and hole are apart from about 3.5-4 rice.
The capital construction of said plant also includes machine phytyl ground and builds, and said organic grow base is that organic pig breed provides organic feed, and while swine excrement etc. offers crop production as organic manure, forms the inner recycle in organic farm.
The said ground year stocking density 15-25 head/mu of raising scattered.
The said ground soil quality each item index of raising scattered will be lower than the limit value that the secondary standard among the GB15618-1995 requires; Ambient air quality will meet the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 among the GB3095-1996.
Compared with present technology, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention pays attention to the selection of the ecotope that organic pig cultures and the construction of pig farm feeding environment, has controlled the environmental problem that organic pig exists producing from the source.
2, the present invention utilizes the mountain area advantage to build cavern, carries out organic pig and puts in a suitable place to breed, for organic pig provides enough spaces, has increased amount of exercise, has strengthened resistance against diseases, has improved meat quality.
3, reduce the integrated cost that organic pig is cultured, but utilized cavern to raise using water wisely, saving warming scattered, practice thrift feed, practice thrift the cost of preventing epidemic.
Embodiment
Exploiting entity: famous mountain, Anhui organic farming scientific and technological development Co., Ltd
Implement the place: the list town is come in the Yuexi County
Raise kind: pig is deceived in the Yuexi
Respectively to yellow mud, Guan He, come list, class bamboo, Gongshan to sample, testing result shows that soil types is sandy loam, the limit value that soil quality each item index requires far below the secondary standard among the GB15618-1995; Ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 among the GB3095-1996; Black pig drinking water meets the requirement of organic livestock and poultry drinking water quality fully.Select mountain area, list town according to topography and geomorphology, build pig house and raise pig pig hole scattered; Selection with the forest is that soil property is dry in the mountain area of the natural cover for defense, draining is good, the leeward hillside that faces south is for raising ground scattered, and the total gradient in hillside is no more than 25%, and the building area gradient is in 25 °; Pig house is the main body with hand excavation's on the hillside cavern; Cavern is on the same step being set on the hillside, so that cavern is on the same horizontal plane deduction and exemption ponding; Hole top is provided with the transverse drain ditch, in order to avoid soil layer and scenery with hills and waters are dumped in the hole from the top, hole on the rain drop erosion mountain top; Raising ground periphery scattered, replacing fence with ditching, both can draining, can pig be limited in the raising scope again, avoid pig to wander away; Carry out around the pig house wall body outer wall cement aproll (loose be 30 centimetres, thick be 5 centimetres) and cement drain ditch (diameter be 40 centimetres semi-circular), aproll and drain ditch are the cement one; Smear with the cement mortar powder on surface, knee wall inside and outside.The both sides body of wall is provided with long 0.5 meter in the position high 1.2 meters apart from ground, wide 0.4 meter vent, and 3 meters of vent spacings, the both sides, north and south are interlaced.Vent is opened with wooden frame, timber window window inwards.Ground is adopted and is mixed dirt floor, and thickness is 10 centimetres.Raise the high 1-1.5 rice of pig cavern scattered, long 2-3 rice, wide 1.5-2 rice, the wide 0.9-1.2 rice in hole, hole and hole are apart from about 3.5-4 rice.The top, hole scrapes out dome-shaped, has the soil layer more than a meter to get final product on the value of general hole, in order to avoid the danger of collapsing; If mountain shape is smooth, in easy flights, soil layer is thick inadequately; Can consider very useful solid wood in hole or big bamboo lid value, repave one meter thick soil layer, perhaps with the movable grass of lids such as dogstail top.The general high 1-1.5 rice of cavern, long 2-3 rice, wide 1.5-2 rice, the hole is narrow slightly, about 1 meter, makes air and sunny.Platform scrapes out rectangle in the hole, and circle is cut in the gateway, hole, the pig body in order to avoid pig is damaged when coming in and going out.About about 4 meters of hole and hole distance.The inside and outside platform in hole all should tilt forward slightly, makes draining good, avoids rainwater to pour in down a chimney in the hole, with dry inside and outside the maintenance hole.Plant's capital construction also includes machine phytyl ground and builds; Crops such as organic grow base corn, soybean, vegetables; For organic pig breed provides organic feed, while swine excrement etc. offers crop production as organic manure, forms the inner recycle in organic farm.
The transverse drain ditch must be opened in cavern top, dumps in the hole from the top, hole in order to avoid soil layer and scenery with hills and waters are washed away on the mountain top in rain drop erosion; Ditching surrounded by mountains both can draining, can replace fence again, avoided pig to wander away.
Set up the pig feed hall, with bamboo, cool canopy of straw mulch, do not have the circle wall all around, in cool canopy, be built into fixedly feed trough by brick and cement, pig is food source with the organic feed, and said organic feed comprises organic corn, organic vegetable, beans and dregs of beans;
According to nutrient balance analysis, feed resource and organic pig different days; Make the reasonable daily ration prescription that organic pig is cultured; 70～130 ages in days are pressed dry matter weight and are calculated, and feed formula is: corn 50%, dregs of beans 17%, wheat bran 17%, organic vegetable 16%; More than 130 ages in days; Pressing dry matter weight calculates; Feed formula is: corn 20%, dregs of beans 10%, wheat bran 20%, organic vegetable 30%, other 20% (between, rattan not plump for paddy, barley, millet, jowar, buckwheat, barnyard grass, original text, green hay, leaf any one or its combination in any), average daily feed intake are the 4%-7% of self body weight.Little pig feed intake accounts for from the health ratio heavy higher, and big pig is lacked relatively.General noon and dusk feeding, be generally green fodder noon.
Following table contrasts for the index of correlation of conventional pig under organic pig of press present embodiment and raising and the existing conventional cultivation mode;
Organic pig of table 1 and conventional swine dysentery, hyperplasia property ileitis, salmonellosis morbidity and the contrast of healing situation
The morbidity of common disease and healing situation under the table 2 organic cultivation mode
Table 3 breeding cycle list position: day
Table 4 production and technical indication table
The organic fresh pork quality of table 5 organoleptic indicator
Can draw by data in the table: organic pig of under the present embodiment feeding environment, raising; Utilize the mountain area advantage that organic pig is raised scattered,, increased the amount of exercise of pig for organic pig provides enough spaces; Thereby strengthened its resistance against diseases, improved meat quality.
Claims (5)
1. the construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a mountain area scattered, comprises environmental selection and plant's capital construction, it is characterized in that:
Environmental selection with the forest is that soil property is dry in the mountain area of the natural cover for defense, draining is good, the leeward hillside that faces south is for raising ground scattered, and the total gradient in hillside is no more than 25%, and the building area gradient is in 25 °;
Capital construction comprises:
Pig house is the main body with a plurality of caverns of hand excavation on the hillside; Said cavern is in same step on the hillside, so that cavern is on the same horizontal plane deduction and exemption ponding; Hole top is provided with the transverse drain ditch, in order to avoid soil layer and scenery with hills and waters are dumped in the hole from the top, hole on the rain drop erosion mountain top;
Raising ground periphery scattered, replacing fence with ditching, both can draining, can pig be limited in the raising scope again, avoid pig to wander away;
Set up the pig feed hall,, do not have the circle wall all around, in cool canopy, be built into fixedly feed trough by brick and cement with bamboo, cool canopy of straw mulch;
Raising method: pig is food source with the organic feed, and said organic feed comprises organic corn, organic vegetable, beans or dregs of beans, wheat bran; Average daily feed intake is the 4%-7% of self body weight.
2. the construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 scattered, it is characterized in that: top, the hole of cavern scrapes out dome-shaped, in order to avoid the danger of collapsing, circle is cut at the hole, the pig body in order to avoid pig is damaged when coming in and going out; The angle of inclination that platform is from high to low to the hole in the hole in the hole is provided with, so that the platform draining is good in the hole, avoids rainwater to pour in down a chimney in the hole, keeps the hole inner drying.
3. the construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 scattered, it is characterized in that: the high 1-1.5 rice of cavern, and long 2-3 rice, wide 1.5-2 rice, the wide 0.9-1.2 rice in hole, hole and hole are apart from about 3.5-4 rice.
3, the construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 scattered; It is characterized in that: plant's capital construction also includes machine phytyl ground and builds; Said organic grow base is that organic pig breed provides organic feed; While swine excrement etc. offers crop production as organic manure, forms the inner recycle in organic farm.
4. the construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 scattered, it is characterized in that, the said ground year stocking density 15-25 head/mu of raising scattered.
5. the construction and the raising method of organic swine rearing environment raised in a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 scattered, it is characterized in that, the said ground soil quality each item index of raising scattered will be lower than the limit value that the secondary standard among the GB15618-1995 requires; Ambient air quality will meet the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 among the GB3095-1996.
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| CN103688870A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-04-02 | 霍山子元生态养殖有限公司 | Ecological pig breeding system |
| CN103931508A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-07-23 | 铜梁县正银生猪养殖场 | Ecological pig farm |
| CN104472424A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市大足县双丰养猪专业合作社 | Pork pig breeding method |
| CN105075875A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-25 | 滁州市南谯区章广镇同翠养猪场 | Method of fumigation treatment on breeding house of scatter-fed black pigs |
| CN105104219A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-02 | 滁州市南谯区章广镇同翠养猪场 | Building method of pigsty for freely raising black pigs |
| CN105918241A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 崇州市隆兴孔学梅家庭农场 | Ecological pig stocking method |
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| CN107114306A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-09-01 | 嵩县金泰生态农业专业合作社 | The free-ranging method of one boar |
| CN107114305A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-09-01 | 嵩县金泰生态农业专业合作社 | A kind of black pig free-ranging method of high mountain |
| CN107372330A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-11-24 | 贵港正邦农牧科技有限公司 | A kind of pig-breeding method |
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| CN114128675A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-04 | 潍坊昊浩农牧有限公司 | Construction and feeding method of mountainous area free-range organic pig feeding environment |
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| CN103688870A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-04-02 | 霍山子元生态养殖有限公司 | Ecological pig breeding system |
| CN103931508A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-07-23 | 铜梁县正银生猪养殖场 | Ecological pig farm |
| CN104472424A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市大足县双丰养猪专业合作社 | Pork pig breeding method |
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| CN106489842B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-05-24 | 庞继忠 | The cultural method of mountain chicken |
| CN107114305A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-09-01 | 嵩县金泰生态农业专业合作社 | A kind of black pig free-ranging method of high mountain |
| CN107114306A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-09-01 | 嵩县金泰生态农业专业合作社 | The free-ranging method of one boar |
| CN107372330A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-11-24 | 贵港正邦农牧科技有限公司 | A kind of pig-breeding method |
| CN108077086A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-05-29 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of goat cave dwelling breeding house |
| CN108244050A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-07-06 | 湖北鸿洋天然养殖有限公司 | Snowflake pig and method for breeding are cultivated in one elite stand |
| CN108244050B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2020-11-13 | 房县忠意设备有限公司 | Snowflake pig breeding in forest and breeding method |
| CN114128675A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-04 | 潍坊昊浩农牧有限公司 | Construction and feeding method of mountainous area free-range organic pig feeding environment |
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