CN102485697A - 黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其连接件 - Google Patents

黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其连接件 Download PDF

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CN102485697A
CN102485697A CN2010105702731A CN201010570273A CN102485697A CN 102485697 A CN102485697 A CN 102485697A CN 2010105702731 A CN2010105702731 A CN 2010105702731A CN 201010570273 A CN201010570273 A CN 201010570273A CN 102485697 A CN102485697 A CN 102485697A
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brass
silicon carbide
carbide ceramics
aluminium
transition layer
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CN102485697B (zh
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张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
陈正士
胡文峰
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及由该方法制得的连接件。该连接件包括碳化硅陶瓷件、黄铜件及连接部，所述连接部包括第一过渡层、铝层、第二过渡层、镍层及第三过渡层，所述第一过渡层主要由铝与碳的化合物、铝与硅的化合物组成，所述第二过渡层主要由铝镍固熔体及铝铁金属间化合物组成，所述第三过渡层主要由镍铜固溶体及镍铜金属间化合物组成。本发明的连接件的连接部通过放电等离子体连接形成，结合强度较高。

Description

黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其连接件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属与陶瓷的连接方法及其连接件，尤其涉及一种黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及其连接件。
背景技术
黄铜包括仅含有铜锌二元合金的普通黄铜及含有锡、锰、镍、铁、硅组成的铜合金的特殊黄铜。黄铜由于较易成型，广泛地应用于连接器件及散热器。陶瓷具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨损等优点，在高温结构材料领域中具有广阔的应用前景。但由于陶瓷脆性大、延性低、难以加工等缺点，使得陶瓷的进一步应用受到了限制。若将陶瓷与金属连接起来就可以发挥各自的优点、弥补各自的不足，从而可以克服难以加工的缺点，有利于制备复杂形状的部件。
由于黄铜与陶瓷的物理、化学性能差异较大，使得两者之间的连接非常困难，目前主要采用熔焊、钎焊、固相扩散连接及瞬间液相连接来实现陶瓷与金属的连接。但这些方法存在许多不足：难于制得高结合强度的接头；对金属件表面的清洁度及设备真空度要求很高；固相扩散连接及瞬间液相连接温度要求较高，保温时间长，导致两者间的连接耗时、耗能；熔焊容易产生裂纹；钎焊虽然连接温度较低，但由于钎料的熔点普遍较低，因此钎焊难于制得能在高温下使用的接头。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种加工时间较短，又可获得较高结合强度的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法。
另外，还有必要提供一种由上述连接方法制得的连接件。
一种黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，包括以下步骤：
提供待连接的黄铜件、碳化硅陶瓷件、铝箔、镍箔，石墨模具及放电等离子体烧结设备，该模具包括上压头、下压头及中模，该放电等离子体连接设备包括一炉膛；
将该碳化硅陶瓷件、铝箔、镍箔及黄铜件分别放入石墨模具内，其中，该镍箔及铝箔位于黄铜件与碳化硅陶瓷之间，使镍箔与黄铜件邻接，铝箔与碳化硅陶瓷邻接，并且用上压头和下压头压紧；
将该石墨模具放入所述放电等离子体烧结设备的所述炉膛中，对黄铜及碳化硅陶瓷施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接，设置工艺参数为：轴向压力为10-40MPa，当温度小于300℃取50℃/min以下、当温度大于300℃取80-200℃/min，保温温度为550-650℃，保温时间为15-40min；
待冷却后取出连接件。
一种连接件，该连接件由上述方法制得。
一种连接件，包括碳化硅陶瓷件、黄铜件及连接部，所述连接部包括第一过渡层、铝层、第二过渡层、镍层及第三过渡层，所述第一过渡层主要由铝与碳的化合物、铝与硅的化合物组成，所述第二过渡层主要由铝镍固熔体及铝铁金属间化合物组成，所述第三过渡层主要由镍铜固溶体及镍铜金属间化合物组成。
相较于现有技术，上述黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法采用一放电等离子体烧结设备对黄铜件与碳化硅陶瓷件施加脉冲电流及压力来实现黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接，该连接件的连接部结合强度高。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例使用一放电等离子体烧结设备进行黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷连接的示意图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例的连接件的剖面示意图。
主要元件符号说明
放电等离子体烧结设备    10
轴向压力系统            11
电极                    12
炉膛                    13
脉冲电源                14
控制系统        15
碳化硅陶瓷件    20
黄铜件          30
铝箔            41
镍箔            43
石墨模具        50
上压头          51
下压头          52
中模            53
连接件          100
连接部          80
第一过渡层      81
铝层            82
第二过渡层      83
镍层            84
第三过渡层      85
具体实施方式
请参阅图1，本发明较佳实施例的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法通过放电等离子体烧结设备(Spark Plasma Sintering Device，SPS烧结设备或者称脉冲电流加热设备)完成，该方法主要包括如下步骤：
提供一待连接的黄铜件30、一碳化硅陶瓷件20、一铝箔41及一镍箔43，该铝箔41及镍箔43作为连接介质连接该黄铜件30和该碳化硅陶瓷件20。该黄铜件30为铜锌二元合金的普通黄铜或者在铜-锌合金中加入重量百分含量为1％-6％的铅、锡、铝、锰、铁、硅、镍等至少一种元素的特殊黄铜。该普通黄铜为含锌重量百分在35％以下的α黄铜；或含锌重量百分在36％～46％(α+β)黄铜(两相黄铜)；或含锌重量百分为46％～50％的β黄铜中的一种。该铝箔41及镍箔43的厚度取值范围为0.1-0.5mm，具体地，可以分别取0.1mm、0.15mm、0.25mm、0.35mm、0.4mm及0.5mm。
对黄铜件30、碳化硅陶瓷件20、铝箔41及镍箔43的待连接表面分别进行打磨和清洗并吹干。本实施例中可以使用600-1000目金相砂纸对黄铜件30、碳化硅陶瓷件20、铝箔41及镍箔43进行打磨；然后进行清洗；清洗后吹干。
提供一石墨模具50，该石墨模具50包括上压头51、下压头52及中模53，该中模53具有一模腔(未标号)，用于容置黄铜件30、碳化硅陶瓷件20、铝箔41及镍箔43。
将黄铜件30、镍箔43、铝箔41及碳化硅陶瓷件20分别放入石墨模具50中，并使镍箔43及铝箔41位于黄铜件30与碳化硅陶瓷件20之间，使镍箔43与黄铜件30邻接，铝箔41与碳化硅陶瓷邻接，并且用上压头51和下压头52压紧。
提供一放电等离子体烧结设备10。该放电等离子体烧结设备10主要包括：轴向压力系统11，用于对烧结工件提供轴向压力；正、负电极12；炉膛13；脉冲电源14，用于提供脉冲电流，使工件升温；温度测量单元(图未示)及控制系统15等。该脉冲电源14的脉宽比为6∶1，最大电流为8000A。
将石墨模具50放入该放电等离子体烧结设备10的炉膛13中，并且用上压头51和下压头52分别与放电等离子体烧结设备10的正、负电极12电连接，炉膛13抽真空至真空度为6-10Pa，开启脉冲电源14，设置如下工艺参数对工件进行放电等离子体连接：轴向压力，较高的轴向压力有利于抑制晶粒的生长从而获得较好的性能，本发明较佳实施例中取10-40Mpa，具体地，取10Mpa、15Mpa、20Mpa、30Mpa、35Mpa或者40Mpa；升温速率设定为，当温度小于300℃取50℃/min以下，取较小升温速率可以防止陶瓷在加热时破裂，当温度大于300℃取80-200℃/min；设定保温温度为550-650℃及合理的保温时间，以促进反应的进行，然而，过长的保温时间会导致晶粒生长过大，本发明较佳实施例中，保温时间取值范围为15-40min，具体地，可以取15min、20min、30min或者40min；该脉冲电源脉宽比为6∶1，脉冲电流强度取值为1000-8000A，具体地，可以取1000A、3000A、5000A或者8000A。此外，本方法中可以通入保护气体，如1.0-3.0Mpa的氦气或者氩气，使其在一定的保护气氛下进行反应，有利于黄铜件30及碳化硅陶瓷件20反应生成的连接件100的致密性。
启动放电等离子体烧结设备10进行烧结连接。
随炉冷却后取出连接件100。
上述黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法通过采用一放电等离子体烧结设备10，对黄铜件30与碳化硅陶瓷件20施加脉冲电流，以在黄铜件30与碳化硅陶瓷件20的接触缝隙之间放电产生高速等离子流体，该等离子流体清洁并活化工件的表面，提高黄铜件30与碳化硅陶瓷件20连接处的连接性能。
上述的连接方法在放电等离子体烧结设备10中通过施加铝箔41和镍箔43作为中间介质，实现黄铜件30与碳化硅陶瓷件20的连接。在连接过程中，工件表面由局部放电产生高温等离子体，并由此形成局部高温，从而有利于清除工件的表面脏污；另外，高温放电等离子体在高速运动过程中能清洗工件表面，使得工件表面被进一步净化和活化，从而促进了扩散和反应的进行。在碳化硅陶瓷件20一侧设置铝箔41作为连接介质，铝的熔点较低，在反应过程中由于局部高温的存在使得铝少量熔化，与碳化硅陶瓷20较容易发生反应结合；在黄铜件30一侧设置热膨胀系数与黄铜相近的镍箔43作为连接介质，铝与镍在高温下活性较高能实现良好结合；碳化硅陶瓷、镍、黄铜的热膨胀系数逐渐增大，有效降低了热应力，提高结合力；且各金属间产生的金属间化合物较少，避免结合强度明显下降。
图2所示为由上述连接方法制得的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件100，包括该碳化硅陶瓷件20、该黄铜件30及连接该黄铜件30与该碳化硅陶瓷件20的连接部80。该连接部80包括一第一过渡层81、一铝层82、一第二过渡层83、一镍层84及一第三过渡层85。该第一过渡层81位于碳化硅陶瓷件20与铝层82之间。第一过渡层81主要由铝与碳的化合物、铝与硅的化合物组成。该第二过渡层83位于铝层82与该镍层84之间，其为铝层82与镍层84连接的过渡层。第二过渡层83主要由铝镍固熔体及铝铁金属间化合物组成。该第三过渡层85位于镍层84与黄铜件30之间，其为镍层84与黄铜件30连接的过渡层，该第三过渡层85主要由镍铜固溶体，如α-Cu，及少量镍铜金属间化合物组成。
该黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件100的连接部80致密均匀，经测试，该黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件100的黄铜/碳化硅陶瓷界面的剪切强度可达20-40MPa，抗拉强度可达30-60MPa。
另外，本领域技术人员还可在本发明的范围和精神内做其它形式和细节上的各种修改、添加和替换。当然，这些依据本发明精神所做的各种修改、添加和替换等变化，都应包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，包括以下步骤：
提供待连接的黄铜件、碳化硅陶瓷件、铝箔及镍箔，石墨模具及放电等离子体烧结设备，该模具包括上压头、下压头及中模，该放电等离子体连接设备包括一炉膛、；
将该碳化硅陶瓷件、铝箔、镍箔及黄铜件分别放入石墨模具内，其中，该镍箔及铝箔位于黄铜件与碳化硅陶瓷之间，使镍箔与黄铜件邻接，铝箔与碳化硅陶瓷邻接，并且用上压头和下压头压紧；
将该石墨模具放入所述放电等离子体烧结设备的所述炉膛中，对黄铜及碳化硅陶瓷施加脉冲电流而进行放电等离子体连接，设置工艺参数为：轴向压力为10-40MPa，当温度小于300℃取50℃/min以下、当温度大于300℃取80-200℃/min，保温温度为550-650℃，保温时间为15-40min；
待冷却后取出连接件。
2.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述等离子放电连接在真空度为6-10Pa的真空条件下进行。
3.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述等离子放电连接在氦气或者氩气的保护氛围中进行。
4.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该脉冲电源脉宽比为6∶1，脉冲电流强度取值为1000-8000A。
5.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述铝箔及镍箔的厚度取值范围分别为0.1-0.5mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述黄铜件为铜锌二元合金的普通黄铜或者在铜-锌合金中加入重量百分含量为1％-6％的铅、锡、铝、锰、铁、硅、镍至少一种元素的特殊黄铜。
7.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该轴向压力为10Mpa、15Mpa、20Mpa、30Mpa、35Mpa或者40Mpa。
8.如权利要求1所述的黄铜与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该保温时间取值为15min、20min、30min或者40min。
9.一种连接件，其特征在于，该连接件为权利要求1-9中的任一方法制得。
10.一种连接件，其特征在于：该连接件包括碳化硅陶瓷件、黄铜件及连接部，所述连接部依次包括第一过渡层、铝层、第二过渡层、镍层及第三过渡层，所述第一过渡层主要由铝与碳的化合物、铝与硅的化合物组成，所述第二过渡层主要由铝镍固熔体及铝铁金属间化合物组成，所述第三过渡层主要由镍铜固溶体及镍铜金属间化合物组成。
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