CN102483547A - 光学寻址光阀 - Google Patents

光学寻址光阀 Download PDF

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CN102483547A
CN102483547A CN2010800316625A CN201080031662A CN102483547A CN 102483547 A CN102483547 A CN 102483547A CN 2010800316625 A CN2010800316625 A CN 2010800316625A CN 201080031662 A CN201080031662 A CN 201080031662A CN 102483547 A CN102483547 A CN 102483547A
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oalv
transparency electrode
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C·D·伯吉斯
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UK Secretary of State for Defence
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
    • G02F1/1354—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied having a particular photoconducting structure or material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
    • G02F1/1354—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied having a particular photoconducting structure or material
    • G02F1/1355—Materials or manufacture processes thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/04—Function characteristic wavelength independent

Abstract

一种光学寻址光阀，适于不依赖波长地选择性限制由高强度光源发出的光的透射，所述光学寻址光阀使用TN液晶单元和光电导材料(掺杂钒的碳化硅)。

Description

光学寻址光阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光学寻址光阀，更具体地，涉及一种适于不依赖波长地选择性限制由高强度光源发出的光的透射的光学寻址光阀。
背景技术
由高强度光源造成的眩耀，在光学系统或成像器件中是普遍问题，这种眩耀导致传感器的损坏、图像质量的降低或者用户的情境意识(situational awareness)的丧失。当诸如日光、焊弧、车辆头灯或者激光器的高强度光源被引导到上述系统或器件时，会发生上述问题。特别是由激光器造成的饱和或眩耀，目前在军用和民用环境二者中都是普遍问题，这是由于激光器本身已经变得更小、更便宜并且更为容易利用。这进而引发了提供具有电光保护措施(EOPM)的系统和器件需求，以限制或过滤向传感器的光的透射。一种用于EOPM的方法是，通过使用光学寻址光阀(OALV)的空间阻挡来限制眩耀效应。
一种类型的OALV是通过将光敏电阻(PR)连接至设置在两个偏振器之间的电压依赖性(voltage dependent)偏振调制器而工作的，该偏振调制器可以是90°扭曲向列。所述偏振器相对于彼此可以被以预定角度设定，以去除特定的入射波长。所述PR和液晶层二者都位于玻璃板之间，所述玻璃板涂有透明铟锡氧化物(ITO)以作为电极。经由使用固态晶体铟(solid crystalline indium)附接的导线，正弦波或方波电压被施加到这些ITO层。所述PR是一种体积电导率(bulk electrical conductivity)能随着光的出现而改变的材料。通常光生电荷响应于光而造成电阻率下降。这样，穿过液晶层的压降由落到器件上的光的强度分布来确定。
一种类型的OALV包含有由铋硅氧化物(BSO)制成的光敏电阻。BSO具有卓越的光电导特性，该光电导特性包括高的暗电导率(dark conductivity)(没有光时的电导率)，使BSO成为OALV的理想候选。但是，BSO本身是光学活性的。这意味着BSO导致穿过晶体介质的线偏振光的依赖于波长的旋转。这种光学活性意味着已知的BSO OALV在选择性限制单一预定有害波长方面是有效的。由于不同的波长被PR以不同的量来旋转，因此需要以预定角度设定分析偏振器，以阻挡特定的入射波长。
通过将已知的OALV合并到诸如照相机、夜视器件、瞄准器、防护眼镜等的光学系统或成像器件中，可以有效地保护传感器免受由一种预定有害波长造成的眩耀的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种适于不依赖波长地空间限制由高强度光源发出的光的透射的OALV。
相应地，本发明提供了一种用于限制高强度光的透射的光学寻址光阀(OALV)，所述光学寻址光阀包括：
输入偏振器和输出偏振器；
光敏电阻层和电压依赖性偏振调制器，所述光敏电阻层和电压依赖性偏振调制器二者都被夹在第一透明电极和第二透明电极之间；
其中，所述光敏电阻层包括光学非活性材料。
采用光学非活性光敏电阻材料取代已知的光学活性光敏电阻材料(诸如BSO)，可以保证光敏电阻不会影响入射光的偏振，并且允许使用该OALV来不依赖波长地限制由高强度光源发出的光的透射。换言之，根据本发明的OALV可以被用来保护传感器免受宽带光源(即，白光)和单色光源的影响。这既涵盖了绿色型激光器和红色型激光器二者，也涵盖了其它光波形式(诸如直射的日光)。一种合适的光学非活性光敏电阻材料是掺杂钒的碳化硅(V-SiC)，虽然其它等同的材料对于本领域技术人员而言也是显而易见的。
需要注意的是，本发明可应用于包括紫外光和红外光在内的任何高强度光源。
在一个实施方式中，所述第一透明电极包括涂有铟锡氧化物(ITO)的玻璃板，并且所述第二透明电极包括所述光敏电阻层的外表面上的铟锡氧化物(ITO)涂层。
另选地，所述第一透明电极和第二透明电极二者都可以方便地包括涂有铟锡氧化物(ITO)的玻璃板，虽然等同的结构在本领域中是已知的。
所述电压依赖性偏振调制器优选地包括形成在液晶层内的扭曲向列层。这可以通过单向地摩擦与该液晶层的两个主要面相邻的聚合物涂层的操作来形成。局部的液晶取向由相邻的聚合物层的摩擦方向来确定，所以，例如，如果摩擦方向是正交的，则在液晶层的整个厚度建立90度螺旋液晶结构。
如果所述输入偏振器和输出偏振器是十字交叉的，则该器件对于高强度光将是不透射的，同时，低级别光可不受影响地透过该器件。
通过将根据本发明的OALV设置在光学系统或成像器件的焦平面处或者附近，高强度入射光被聚焦到该OALV上的一点。因此，该器件将仅阻挡眩耀的聚焦点，而允许用户清楚地观看图像的其余部分。
附图说明
为了使得本发明可以被更充分的理解，现在将参考附图来描述本发明的实施方式，在附图中：
图1例示标准OALV设计；
图2例示用于偏振调制器的扭曲向列层的螺旋(helical)结构；
图3例示标准OALV的非线性效应；
图4示出BSO OALV的非线性响应；
图5例示根据本发明的OALV(偏振器未示出)；以及
图6示出V-SiC OALV的非线性光学响应。
具体实施方式
图1例示标准OALV设计1。两个玻璃板涂有透明铟锡氧化物(ITO)，以提供玻璃电极2。光敏电阻3被连接到液晶层4，设置间隔件5以形成间隙，在该间隙中通过毛细作用(capillary action)填充液晶。玻璃电极2被电连接到电压6和地7。这些电连接6和7允许正弦波或方波电压跨过玻璃电极2被施加。这些玻璃电极2被旋转涂有聚合物层，并被单向地摩擦，以使局部液晶层4的取向由摩擦方向来确定。通过以两个摩擦方向正交的方式构造该器件，在液晶层4内建立了90度螺旋结构。这即是通常所说的扭曲向列。扭曲向列层是电压依赖性偏振调制器。
图2例示在OALV组件11中被安排在十字交叉的偏振器13、18之间的扭曲向列层16的效应。低强度光12通过输入线偏振器13进入该OALV组件11。低强度光12穿过涂有ITO的玻璃电极14传播。随着光传播通过扭曲向列层16，光的偏振方向也沿着扭曲向列螺旋而旋转。扭曲向列层16的总扭曲角度是90度。因此，由于总扭曲角度与十字交叉的偏振器13、18之间的角度匹配，因此低强度光19通过输出线偏振器18被透射。如果高强度光入射到该器件上，则光电导造成PR 15的电阻率的局部下降并造成液晶层内电场强度的关联增加。该电场造成扭曲向列层16的螺旋结构的破坏(breakdown)，关闭其扭曲效应。因此，这种高强度光不会像低强度光那样被旋转，从而被输出线偏振器18吸收。
图3a例示当液晶处于关闭状态(即，液晶是完全透明的)时标准OALV的非线性效应。图3b例示当液晶处于开启状态(即，液晶对于预定波长的激光是不透明的)时的效应。
由于OALV是非线性光学器件，因此其函数可以通过功率扫描测量(power scanmeasurement)来表征，在功率扫描测量中，当输入能量变化时，测量器件的透射能量。线性器件(诸如玻璃板或者吸收滤波器)将总是透射入射光的某些固定部分，以使输出能量是输入能量的线性函数，然而，非线性器件的透射将随着输入能量发生变化。图4示出标准BSO OALV的非线性响应与线性器件的响应的对比。与线性响应的偏差例示了BSO OALV作为光学开关的效能。在图4中，PR和偏振器中的吸收效应已经被去了。
申请人已经成功地构建了一种器件，在该器件中，BSO PR被V-SiC晶体所取代。图5例示作为组件21的根据本发明的V-SiC OALV的实施方式(偏振器未示出)。与图1一样，该实施方式包括玻璃电极22、22a、光敏电阻(PR)23、液晶层24、间隔件25、连接到电压的电连接26和接地的电连接27。在该实施方式中，光敏电阻(PR)23由掺杂钒的碳化硅构造，而不是由BSO构造。
根据如下描述构造该器件。玻璃电极22、22a是从IngCrys激光系统有限公司(IngCrys Laser Systems Ltd.)获得的涂有铟锡氧化物(ITO)的BK7玻璃板。PR 23是切割从德国Ⅱ-Ⅵ半导体公司(Ⅱ-ⅥSemiconductors Deutschland)获得的材料而得到的25×25×1mm V-SiC晶片。然后，对V-SiC PR 23的两个25×25mm面进行光学抛光。然后，溶解在甲醇中的聚酰亚胺的对准层被旋转涂到V-SiC PR 23的一面以及玻璃电极22a的一面上。然后，使用丝绒布(velour cloth)摩擦这些聚酰亚胺层。V-SiC PR23以其非涂敷面与ITO接触的方式被放置到玻璃电极22上，并且玻璃电极22与V-SiCPR 23之间没有间隙。然后，间隔球25(12微米的玻璃珠)被施加到V-SiC PR 23的表面上，并且第二玻璃电极22a以其聚酰亚胺涂敷面与间隔球25接触的方式被放置在V-SiC PR 23上。施加到玻璃电极22a的该面上的聚酰亚胺涂层的摩擦方向必须与施加到V-SiC PR 23上的聚酰亚胺层的摩擦方向正交。然后，经由毛细作用在V-SiC PR23和玻璃电极22a之间的间隙中填充液晶24。一旦填充满，就使用粘胶剂28围绕边缘密封该器件，并且电导线26、27被焊接到这些ITO表面上。在另选实施方式中，采用被施加到BSO PR层23的外表面的ITO涂层取代玻璃电极22，BSO PR层23的该外表面是V-SiC PR层23的与液晶24接触的一侧的相反侧。
图6示出实验性的V-SiC OALV器件的非线性光学响应。器件的透射率通过输出的能量与输入的能量的比率给出。如果器件的透射率随着强度而改变，则器件是非线性的。具体地，如果器件对于低强度是透射的，而对于高强度是较少透射的，则该器件可以被认为是起到光学开关的作用。虚线绘制出了线性器件的响应(吸收效应已经被考虑)。实验点(菱形)与线性响应(虚线)的偏差表明器件表现为光学开关。
如果输入偏振器和输出偏振器是十字交叉的并且该器件实质上处于光学系统或成像器件的焦平面上，则任何带内波长(in band wavelength)的高强度入射光源将被聚焦到该OALV上的一个小点。该高强度光使得该器件在该聚焦眩耀的位置处变得较少透射，同时保持视场的整个其余部分的成像能力。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于限制高强度光的透射的光学寻址光阀(OALV)，所述光学寻址光阀包括：
输入偏振器和输出偏振器；
光敏电阻层和电压依赖性偏振调制器，所述光敏电阻层和电压依赖性偏振调制器二者都被夹在第一透明电极和第二透明电极之间；
其中，所述光敏电阻层包括光学非活性材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的OALV，其中，所述光敏电阻层包括掺杂钒的碳化硅(V-SiC)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的OALV，其中，所述第一透明电极包括涂有铟锡氧化物(ITO)的玻璃，并且所述第二透明电极包括所述光敏电阻层上的铟锡氧化物(ITO)涂层。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的OALV，其中，所述第一透明电极和第二透明电极包括涂有铟锡氧化物(ITO)的玻璃板。
5.如前述权利要求中任一权利要求所述的OALV，其中，所述电压依赖性偏振调制器包括形成在液晶层内的90°扭曲向列层。
6.如前述权利要求中任一权利要求所述的OALV，其中，所述输入偏振器和输出偏振器是十字交叉的。
7.一种光学系统或成像器件，其包括如前述权利要求中任一权利要求所述的OALV，该OALV被设置在焦平面处或者附近，以使图像能够形成在所述OALV上。
8.一种参考附图中的图5和图6在上文中被实质性地描述的OALV。
CN2010800316625A 2009-07-15 2010-07-15 光学寻址光阀 Pending CN102483547A (zh)

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