CN102483053B - 软起动封闭型压缩机 - Google Patents

软起动封闭型压缩机 Download PDF

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CN102483053B
CN102483053B CN201080038275.4A CN201080038275A CN102483053B CN 102483053 B CN102483053 B CN 102483053B CN 201080038275 A CN201080038275 A CN 201080038275A CN 102483053 B CN102483053 B CN 102483053B
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oil
rotor
tube
bent axle
pick
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CN102483053A (zh
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O.阿克巴斯
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Arcelik AS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02Lubrication
    • F04B39/0223Lubrication characterised by the compressor type
    • F04B39/023Hermetic compressors
    • F04B39/0238Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels
    • F04B39/0246Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels in the rotating shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0094Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 crankshaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02Lubrication
    • F04B39/0223Lubrication characterised by the compressor type
    • F04B39/023Hermetic compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/02Lubrication
    • F04B39/0223Lubrication characterised by the compressor type
    • F04B39/023Hermetic compressors
    • F04B39/0238Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels
    • F04B39/0246Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels in the rotating shaft
    • F04B39/0253Hermetic compressors with oil distribution channels in the rotating shaft using centrifugal force for transporting the oil
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/122Cylinder block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/18Lubricating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0042Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for pumps
    • F04C29/005Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D33/00Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16D33/06Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type controlled by changing the amount of liquid in the working circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H41/00Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008Hermetic pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H41/00Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16H41/04Combined pump-turbine units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H41/00Rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type
    • F16H41/24Details
    • F16H41/30Details relating to venting, lubrication, cooling, circulation of the cooling medium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及在操作如制冷机这样的冷却装置中所用的封闭型压缩机(1),包括壳体(2),壳体中携带元件;油槽(3),其形成壳体(2)的下部且其中放置油(Y),油(Y)提供对可运动元件的润滑;电动马达,其具有转子(4)和定子;活塞(5),其提供加压状态的制冷剂流体递送到制冷系统;缸体(6),活塞(5)在其中操作;曲轴(7),其通过将转子(4)的旋转运动变成线性运动而将转子(4)的旋转运动递送给活塞(5);以及,抽油管(9),其安装到转子(4)芯上,抽油管的下端浸没到油槽(3)中的油(Y)内且上端从转子(4)的中部向上延伸且其通过从油槽(3)抽吸而将油(Y)递送给曲轴(7);以及,液力耦合器(10),其将转子(4)的旋转运动转移到曲轴(7)。

Description

软起动封闭型压缩机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种往复式封闭型压缩机,其中在起动期间减小了惯性力的影响。
背景技术
在制冷机中所用的往复式封闭型压缩机的操作以两个阶段实现,起动和连续操作。压缩机马达在起动期间在仅0.5秒就到达大约3000 rpm 的速度且消耗大约1650 VA功率。在起动之后持续操作的压缩机马达速度平均保持在大约3000 rpm 且所消耗的电功率降低至大约165瓦特。在起动与持续操作中所消耗的功率之间的比例对于不同容量的封闭型压缩机几乎相同。封闭型压缩机基本上由机械运动组和电动马达组成,机械运动组包括活塞、活塞杆和曲轴,且电动马达驱动该机械运动组。曲轴与转子芯咬合装配地(snap-fittingly)接合且以1 :1的比例从转子接收其运动。由于转子在从停止周期转到操作周期的起动阶段直接旋转曲轴,其也补偿曲轴和曲轴所连接的活塞杆和活塞的惯性力,电动马达在起动期间与持续操作状态相比消耗大约10倍的功率。确定电动马达的容量以补偿在起动时的负载,但是在起动之后的持续操作过程中,必须以很低的容量操作。因此,根据起动条件定尺寸的马达导致增加的成本和降低的效率。在国际专利申请WO2007045330中,解释了液力耦合器,其包括叶轮和涡轮且其中在叶轮与涡轮之间形成环面工作腔室。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于实现一种封闭型压缩机,其能在起动期间通过减小诸如曲轴、活塞杆和活塞这样的元件的惯性力的作用而能进行软起动。
实现该封闭型压缩机以便达成本发明的目的,该封闭型压缩机包括:抽油管,其以直立位置安装于转子芯上,抽油管在壳体下部吸油,递送到上侧的可运动元件和位于转子上侧的曲轴,曲轴没有直接连接到转子且由液力耦合器来实现从转子到曲轴的运动传递。
液力耦合器连接于从转子中部向上延伸的抽油管的上端与曲轴的下端之间。
液力耦合器将转子旋转运动从由转子旋转的抽油管传递到曲轴。始于转子起动时刻,仅在抽油管从壳体下部中的油槽所吸的油到达抽油管上端处的液力耦合器之后实现到曲轴的运动传递。因此,不再需要在转子初始起动时补偿曲轴、活塞杆和活塞的惯性力。由于包含于油槽内的油位低于紧固到转子上部的液力耦合器的高度,转子仅在转子初始起动时旋转,液力耦合器空转且曲轴不动地等待,因为油尚未到达液力耦合器。由抽油管从底部向上所吸的油缓慢地填充液力耦合器,且因此在从转子初始起动时起的特定时间段之后,运动被传递到曲轴。
液力耦合器包括连接到抽油管上端的叶轮,从转子旋转的抽油管接收其运动且其同时由抽油管供应从油槽所吸的油;以及,涡轮,涡轮在其上侧连接到曲轴。涡轮利用从由叶轮所启动的油传递的动能来提供曲轴旋转。液力耦合器还包括位于叶轮与涡轮之间的工作腔室,当填充油时,其提供从叶轮传递到涡轮的动能,且当包含于其中的被油排放时中断从叶轮到涡轮的动能传递。
在本发明的一实施例中,液力耦合器包括:进油孔,其在叶轮中部下方从底部向上延伸且其下端朝向抽油管打开且其上端朝向工作腔室打开,其在转子操作期间提供由抽油管递送的油以填充到工作腔室内,且在转子停止期间在工作腔室中的油向下排空到抽油管内。
在本发明的另一实施例中,液力耦合器包括位于涡轮中部上方的出油孔,且出油孔的下端朝向工作腔室打开且上端朝向曲轴的润滑通道打开,在转子操作期间,其在油填充工作腔室之后提供油继续其向上移动且传递到曲轴的润滑通道内。
在本发明的另一实施例中,液力耦合器通过支承于延伸到转子上侧且支承曲轴的缸体的部分处而位于转子上侧。
利用液力耦合器,提供软起动的封闭型压缩机,而无需在转子起动时克服曲轴和如活塞这样的可运动元件的惯性力。
附图说明
为了达成本发明的目的而实现的压缩机在附图中示出,在附图中:
图1为封闭型压缩机的示意图;
图2为液力耦合器的示意图。
附图所示的元件如下标注:
1. 封闭型压缩机
2. 壳体
3. 油槽
4. 转子
5. 活塞
6. 缸
7. 曲轴
8. 润滑通道
9. 抽油管
10. 液力耦合器
11. 叶轮
12. 涡轮
13. 工作腔室
14. 进油孔
15. 出油孔。
具体实施方式
封闭型压缩机1包括:壳体2,壳体中携带元件;油槽3,其形成壳体2的下部且其中放置油Y,油Y提供对可运动元件的润滑;电动马达,其具有转子4和定子;活塞5,其提供加压状态的制冷剂流体递送到制冷系统;缸体6,其安置于转子4上侧,活塞5在缸体6中操作;曲轴7,其由缸体6支承,通过将转子4的旋转运动变成线性运动而将转子4的旋转运动递送给活塞5且包括润滑通道8,润滑通道8提供油Y向转子4上侧包含于壳体2中的可运动元件的递送;以及,抽油管9,其通过压配组装方法安装到转子4上,抽油管的下端浸没到油槽3中的油Y内且其上端从转子4中部向上延伸,且其通过从油槽3抽吸而将油Y递送给曲轴7。
本发明的封闭型压缩机1包括液力耦合器10,其通过连接在抽油管9上端与曲轴7下端之间而将转子4的旋转运动从抽油管9传递到曲轴7。
该液力耦合器10包括叶轮11,其连接到抽油管9的上端,从由转子4旋转的抽油管9接收其运动且由抽油管9从油槽3吸的油Y供给;涡轮12,其连接到曲轴7,其利用从由叶轮11启动的油Y所传递的动能来提供曲轴7旋转;以及,工作腔室13,其安置于叶轮11与涡轮12之间,在填充油Y时提供动能从叶轮11到涡轮12的传递且当包含于其中的油Y排放时中断从叶轮11到涡轮12的动能传递。
在该封闭型压缩机1中,曲轴7并不直接连接到转子4且由液力耦合器10来提供在转子4与曲轴7之间的运动传递。因此,转子4并不试图在初始起动时旋转该曲轴7,转子4在无负载的情况下空转运行直到由抽油管9从油槽3所吸的油7到达液力耦合器10。在此时期,由抽油管9连接到转子4的叶轮11旋转但连接到曲轴7的涡轮12并不旋转。在转子4起动之后的特定时间段,在液力耦合器10中在叶轮11与涡轮12之间的工作腔室13开始填充由抽油管9从油槽3吸入且递送的油Y,且随着工作腔室13中油Y的满量增加,从叶轮11传递到涡轮12的扭矩增加且在工作腔室14完全填充油Y之后实现从叶轮11到涡轮12的最大扭矩传递。在封闭型压缩机1的每个停止周期,在先前操作周期中填充到液力耦合器10的油Y利用抽油管9和重力作用从工作腔室13排放到油槽3内且因此在叶轮11与涡轮12之间的液力连接中断以准备转子4的下一操作周期。
因此,在转子4初始起动运动期间,实现软起动阶段而无需补偿曲轴7和活塞5的惯性力,在起动阶段从电源消耗的电力保持几乎与持续操作状态相同水平。
在本发明的一实施例中,液力耦合器10包括位于叶轮11中心的进油孔14且其下端朝向抽油管9打开且其上端朝向工作腔室13打开,其在转子4操作期间提供由抽油管9运送的油Y以填充到工作腔室13中且在转子4的停止周期工作腔室13中的油Y排放到抽油管9内。
在转子4旋转运动期间由抽油管9从油槽3吸的油Y继续其向上移动,从进油孔14传递且填充到叶轮11与涡轮12之间的工作腔室13内。在转子4操作周期填充工作腔室13的油Y在转子4停止时由于重力作用向下流动且排放到抽油管9且由进入孔14从抽油管9进入到油槽3。
在本发明的另一实施例中,液力耦合器10包括位于涡轮12中心的出油孔15且其下端朝向工作腔室13打开且上端朝向曲轴7处的润滑通道8打开,且在转子4的操作周期,其在填充工作腔室13之后提供油Y以继续其向上移动以传递到润滑通道8内且因此提供油Y,除了用于操作液力耦合器10之外也继续用于润滑壳体2中的其它可运动元件。
在本发明的另一实施例中,液力耦合器10在延伸到转子4的上侧且支承曲轴7的缸体6部分处支承。
在本发明的封闭型压缩机1中,利用液力耦合器10,独立于曲轴7和活塞5实现转子4起动,换言之,在转子4初始起动时无需克服曲轴7和活塞5的惯性力。在从转子4开始旋转的时刻持续直到到达了最大速度的起动阶段,由抽油管9所吸的油Y到达液力耦合器10,随着在叶轮11与涡轮12之间不断增加的扭矩实现运动传递,取决于从底部向上吸入缓慢地填充到工作腔室13内的油Y的量且因此提供一种软起动的封闭型压缩机1,提高了效率,降低了所消耗的能量且延长了工作寿命。
应了解本发明并不受到上文所公开的实施例限制且本领域技术人员能易于引入不同的实施例。这些应认为在本发明的权利要求所设定的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种封闭型压缩机(1),其包括壳体(2),该壳体中携带元件;油槽(3),其形成所述壳体(2)的下部且其中放置油(Y),油(Y)提供对可运动元件的润滑;电动马达,其具有转子(4)和定子;活塞(5),其提供加压状态的制冷剂流体递送到制冷系统;缸体(6),其安置于所述转子(4)的上侧;曲轴(7),其由所述缸体(6)支承;以及,抽油管(9),其通过压配组装方法安装到所述转子(4)上,所述转子的下端浸没到所述油槽(3)中的油(Y)内且其通过从所述油槽(3)抽吸而将所述油(Y)递送到所述曲轴(7),
且其特征在于,液力耦合器(10),其通过连接于所述抽油管(9)的上端与所述曲轴(7)的下端之间而将转子(4)的旋转运动从所述抽油管(9)转移到所述曲轴(7),
其中,所述液力耦合器(10)包括:叶轮(11),其紧固到所述抽油管(9)的上端,从由所述转子(4)旋转的抽油管(9)接收其运动且由所述抽油管(9)从所述油槽(3)吸的所述油(Y)供给;涡轮(12),其提供所述曲轴(7)的旋转;以及,工作腔室(13),其安置于所述叶轮(11)与所述涡轮(12)之间,
其中,所述曲轴(7)包括润滑通道(8),所述润滑通道(8)提供所述油(Y)递送到位于所述壳体(2)中的可运动元件且所述液力耦合器(10)包括位于所述涡轮(12)的中心的出油孔(15),并且出油孔的下端向所述工作腔室(13)打开且其上端向所述润滑通道(8)打开且在所述转子(4)操作期间提供所述油(Y)以在填充于所述工作腔室(13)之后继续其向上移动以传递到所述润滑通道(8)内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封闭型压缩机(1),其特征在于,所述液力耦合器(10)包括位于所述叶轮(11)的中心的进油孔(14),并且进油孔的下端朝向所述抽油管(9)打开且其上端朝向所述工作腔室(13)打开,在所述转子(4)操作期间提供由所述抽油管(9)运送的油(Y)以填充到所述工作腔室(13)中且在所述转子(4)停止期间所述工作腔室(13)中的油(Y)排放到所述抽油管(9)内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的封闭型压缩机 (1),其特征在于,所述液力耦合器(10)在延伸到所述转子(4)的上侧且支承所述曲轴(7)的所述缸体(6)的部分处被支承。
CN201080038275.4A 2009-08-31 2010-08-27 软起动封闭型压缩机 Expired - Fee Related CN102483053B (zh)

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