CN102474715B - 用于在移动设备上预先缓存信息的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于在移动设备上预先缓存信息的系统和方法。为移动设备构建预先缓存策略。该策略定义对预测用户在一个或多个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的数据类型的预料。预先缓存策略是通过识别该用户或用户组在一时间段中所请求的数据中的数据使用模式来构建的。数据使用模式包括与数据的使用相联系的数据类型和事件。事件被用来定义预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件。预先缓存策略被执行。当数据刷新条件的发生被检测到时,于是从数据源取回数据,其中,该数据是根据该预先缓存策略被取回的。所取回数据被发送给用户设备缓存。
Description
本申请包括受版权保护的资料。版权所有者不反对任何人按照本专利公开出现在专利和商标局的文件或记录中那样来对本专利公开进行复制再现,但是无论怎样版权所有者都保留所有版权权利。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于信息搜索、取回和呈现的系统和方法,并且更具体地,涉及用于在用户设备上预先缓存信息的系统和方法。
背景技术
移动设备的用户可以通过因特网访问各种各样的内容,包括与几乎无限数目的实体和对象有关的空间、时间、社交和话题数据。然而,访问这样的数据可消耗大量的计算和网络资源。可以通过将用户可能请求的信息预先缓存在用户设备上或者网络上的其它地方来增强设备和网络性能。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种方法。利用至少一个计算设备为移动设备构建预先缓存策略,其中该预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料(forecast)。预先缓存策略是通过利用至少一个计算设备识别用户利用用户设备在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的。数据使用模式包括至少一个数据类型以及与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件。事件被用来定义预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件。预先缓存策略利用至少一个计算设备被执行。数据刷新条件的发生被检测。然后通过网络从数据源取回数据,其中,所取回的数据是根据该预先缓存策略被取回的。通过网络将所取回的数据发送给运行在用户设备上的至少一个应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存。
在另一实施例中,本发明是一种方法。利用至少一个计算设备为移动设备构建预先缓存策略,其中预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料。预先缓存策略是通过利用至少一个计算设备识别多个用户在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的,其中,数据使用模式包括至少一个数据类型。利用至少一个计算设备执行预先缓存策略。数据刷新条件的发生被检测。然后通过网络从数据源取回数据,其中,所取回的数据是根据该预先缓存策略被取回的。通过网络将所取回的数据发送给运行在用户设备上的至少一个应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存。
在另一实施例中,本发明是一种系统。该系统包括一组模块,其中,每个模块包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,计算机可读存储介质存储用于各个功能的软件。这些模块包括:预先缓存策略创建模块,用于为移动设备构建预先缓存策略,其中该预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料,其中,该预先缓存策略是通过识别多个用户在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的,其中,该数据使用模式包括该数据类型;预先缓存策略执行模块,用于执行由预先缓存策略创建模块构建的预先缓存策略;刷新条件检测模块,用于检测与预先缓存策略执行模块所执行的预先缓存策略有关的数据刷新条件已发生;数据取回模块,用于通过网络从至少一个数据源取回数据,其中,所取回的数据是根据针对刷新条件检测模块在何处检测到数据刷新条件发生的预先缓存策略被取回的;以及数据发送模块,用于将由数据取回模块所取回的数据通过网络发送给运行在用户设备上的应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存。
附图说明
从下面对附图所示的优选实施例的更具体描述中将明白本发明的前面的和其它目的、特征和优点,在附图中,参考标号在各幅图中指代相同部分。附图不一定是按比例绘制的,而是将重点放在对本发明原理的图示说明上。
图1图示出了如何在移动设备上使用预先缓存以提高设备性能的一个实施例。
图2图示出了能够支持当前发明的各个实施例的硬件和网络配置的一个实施例。
图3图示出了用于实现当前发明的至少一个实施例的处理的计算机实现方式的一个实施例。
图4图示出了能够支持图3所示的处理的至少一个实施例的预先缓存服务引擎的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
下面参考用于选择和呈现与具体话题有关的媒体的方法和设备的框图及操作说明来描述本发明。将明白,框图或操作说明的每块以及框图或操作说明中块的组合可以借助于模拟或数字硬件以及计算机程序指令来实现。
这些计算机程序指令可被提供给通用计算机、专用计算机、ASIC或其它可编程数据处理装置的处理器,以使得经由计算机或其它可编程数据处理装置的处理器运行的指令实现框图或一个或多个操作块中所指定的功能/动作。
在一些替代实现方式中,块中所记录的功能/动作可以不按照操作说明中记录的顺序来发生。例如,取决于所涉及的功能/动作,连续示出的两个块事实上可以基本上并发地被执行,或者有时可以按逆序来执行这些块。
为了本公开的目的,计算机可读介质以机器可读形式来存储计算机数据。通过示例而不是限制的方式,计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质和通信介质。计算机存储介质包括易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质,这些介质以用于存储信息(例如,计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其它数据)的任何方法或技术来实现。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EPROM、EEPROM、闪存或其它固态存储器技术、CD-ROM、DVD,或其它光学存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其它海量存储设备,或者可以用来存储所希望的信息并可以由计算机访问的任何其它介质。
为了本公开的目的,模块是软件、硬件或固件(或其组合)系统、处理或功能,或者其组件,其执行或辅助这里描述的处理、特征和/或功能(具有或没有人类交互或增补)。模块可以包括子模块。模块的软件组件可被存储在计算机可读介质上。模块可被集成到一个或多个服务器,或者可被载入一个或多个服务器并被执行。一个或多个模块可被成组到引擎或应用中。
为了本公开的目的,术语“服务器”应当被理解为是指提供处理、数据库和通信能力的服务点。作为示例而非限制性地,术语“服务器”可以指具有关联的通信和/或数据存储和/或数据库能力的单个物理处理器,或者其可以指联网的或集群式的一系列处理器及关联网络和/或存储设备,以及支持由服务器提供的服务的一个或多个数据库系统和/或应用软件系统(它们可以被实现为模块和/或引擎)以及操作软件。
为了本公开的目的,术语“端用户”或“用户”应当被理解为是指数据提供商所提供的数据的消费者。作为示例而非限制性地,术语“端用户”可以指在浏览器会话中通过因特网接收数据提供商提供的数据的人,或者可以指接收数据并且存储或处理数据的自动化软件应用。
在一个实施例中,本发明涉及在如下方面的改进:将移动设备的用户有可能请求的信息预先缓存在用户的移动设备上或者移动设备可访问的网络上的任何地方。
诸如黑莓和iPhone设备之类的移动设备提供丰富的图形界面,这些图形界面能够显示从因特网和/或设备可访问的其它网络取回的广泛种类的信息。这样的信息可被宽泛地分类为时间、空间、话题和社交信息。空间信息包括与人或对象的物理位置有关的信息。空间信息可以包括移动设备的用户的过去位置、当前位置和将来位置或者诸如用户的朋友之类的其它人的位置。空间信息还可以是具体地点,例如国家、州、城市、街区。空间信息可以是诸如音乐会或某种其它有报导价值的所发生事情之类的事件的位置。
时间信息包括与用户有关的日期和时间。时间信息可以包括当前日期和时间。时间信息还可以是过去或将来的具体日期和时间,或者过去和将来的日期和时间范围。时间信息可以是从具体日期的偏移量,例如,过去十天。时间信息可以是日历上的事件,例如生日、季节或节日。
话题信息包括与用户感兴趣的话题有关的任何类型的信息。话题信息可以包括当前天气或天气预料、当前头条新闻,或者喜爱体育队的当前得分。话题可以较宽泛,如“摇滚音乐”,或者较狭窄,如具体音乐艺术家。话题可以涉及具体类型的媒体,例如,音乐艺术家所发布的新歌曲或者关于该音乐艺术家的文本新闻文章。
社交信息包括与用户感兴趣的人或人的群组有关的任何类型的信息。这样的信息可以包括与用户在一个或多个社交网络上标识出的朋友或联系人有关的信息。这样的信息可以包括用户朋友的联系信息。这样的信息还可以包括朋友的当前位置、朋友的MySpace或Twitter帐户中的活动或者最近帖子。
用户的移动设备上所显示的许多信息通常是从可通过因特网获得的各种数据源(例如网站)以及各种类型的数据种子(data feed)(例如,RSS种子)取回的。少量相对静态的信息(例如简档信息)可以永久地被存储在移动设备上,但是任何可能易变的信息都必须至少定期地通过网络从一个或多个数据源被取回。在一个实施例中,这样的信息被缓存在用户的移动设备内的或者物理地连接到用户移动设备的计算机可读介质,例如移动设备内的随机存取存储器。
缓存中的数据可容易被获取用于显示,而如果仅在用户请求时通过网络取回数据,则网络延迟或数据源处的处理限制可导致响应时间受到损失。在一个实施例中,可以通过将用户有可能请求的信息预先缓存在用户的移动设备上或者移动设备连接到的网络上的任何地方来提高移动设备的性能。
图1图示出了可如何在移动设备上利用预先缓存来提高设备性能的一个实施例。
用户的移动设备100容宿一个或多个移动应用140,移动应用140利用来自一个或多个数据源服务240(例如,天气、新闻或社交联网网站或数据种子)的数据。这样的应用140可以包括传统web浏览器或者可以包括定制应用。移动应用通常在该设备上的一个或多个缓存120中寻找由该应用显示的数据。这样的缓存例如可被存储在作为移动设备100的组件的诸如随机存取存储器之类的计算机可读介质上。
如果移动应用120所需要的数据未被存储在设备的缓存140上,则该移动应用将通过网络从由一个或多个网络数据源服务器200实现的适当网络数据源240请求所需数据,网络数据源服务器200例如从诸如数据库280或传感器260之类的一个或多个数据源取回所请求信息。数据取回服务240继而将数据发送回作出请求的移动设备200,作出请求的移动设备200通常在向用户显示数据之前将信息存储在其缓存120中。
如果可在用户请求数据的显示之前预期到用户的数据需求,则可以提高移动应用140的性能。如果用户的数据需求可被预期到,则足以满足用户需求的数据可从适当源200被取回,被发送并被存储在移动设备的缓存120中。对于任何给定的网络数据源200,用户的数据需求可被移动应用预期到,并且移动应用可在用户实际请求数据的显示之前对所需数据作出请求。对于任何给定的网络数据源200,用户的数据需求可被网络数据源预期到,并且网络数据源可以在用户实际请求数据的显示之前将所需数据发送给用户的移动设备100。
第三替代方式是,数据预先缓存服务440可被设立在一个或多个数据预先缓存服务器400上。数据预先缓存服务440可以预期用户的数据需求,并从适当数据源200请求数据。在一个实施例中,数据缓存服务400可以指导数据源200将所请求数据直接发送给移动设备100,移动设备100然后将数据存储在其缓存中以供将来使用。替代地,所请求数据可被发送给数据缓存服务服务器400。
在一个这样的实施例中,数据缓存服务440然后可以简单地将数据转发给用户的移动设备100。替代地,数据预先缓存服务440可将所请求数据存储在被实现在可由数据预先缓存服务器400访问的计算机可读介质上的服务器缓存420中,例如,服务器的RAM。在一个这样的实施例中,移动设备100可从数据预先缓存服务440请求移动应用140所要求的所有数据,数据预先缓存服务440继而从服务器缓存420(如果数据在那儿的话)取回数据,或者直接从适当数据源200取回数据(如果数据不存在于服务器缓存420中的话)。数据缓存服务440还可以定期地或者基于触发(例如,事件的发生或者时间段的过去)将所请求数据发送给移动设备100。
将数据缓存在数据缓存服务器400的层级处的一个优点在于,可以为多个用户缓存特定类型的数据的一个副本。例如,许多用户可能对具体邮政编码的明日天气预报感兴趣。因此,这样的天气数据的一个副本可被维护在缓存服务器400上以供数以百计的用户使用。在更高抽象层级上,用户基于其数据使用模式或基于其自己定义的数据需求,可被指派为一个或多个用户类型。这样的用户类型可以与由数据缓存服务400维护在服务器缓存420中的一组或多组数据相关联。
上面讨论的任意实施例中的中心要素是预期用户将来的数据需求。如果用户将来的数据需求可被确定,或者至少在合理的准确程度上被预测到,则可以为移动设备用户构建数据缓存策略。在一个实施例中,数据预先缓存策略可示意性地被表示为如下。
数据预先缓存策略可针对具体用户来建立。如果用户具有多个设备,则预先缓存策略可针对用户的每个设备来建立,因为用户可能将不同设备用于截然不同的目的。数据预先缓存策略还可以针对用户的类型来建立。这样的用户类型可以反映一般类型的用户的典型使用模式,例如“NY通勤者”,或者甚至更抽象地,针对根据经验识别的使用模式的“用户类型n”(例如,用户是数据类型A、B和C的频繁用户)。
数据预先缓存策略可包含一种或多种数据类型。如这里使用的,“数据类型”应当被理解为是指抽象的用户定义的数据类型,其可以指空间、时间、社交或话题数据。空间数据类型的示例可以包括用户的当前位置、用户朋友的位置、用户喜爱的体育队的位置。时间数据类型的示例可以包括当前时间、用户日历上的下一事件或者城里下次古典音乐会的时间。社交数据的示例可以是用户朋友的列表、用户的朋友在社交网站上的帖子、用户的朋友参加的上次音乐会的列表,等等。话题数据的示例可以包括一般新闻、关于特定话题的新闻、天气预报、当前交通、体育得分等等。
对于给定数据类型,可存在一个或多个数据源,这些数据源可以包括网站、RSS种子、FTP站点或者任何其它类型的数据源。数据策略可以包括从数据源请求所希望信息所需要的请求参数(例如,URL参数)。
每种数据类型可提供一个或多个刷新条件。刷新条件表示预先缓存的数据从数据源被刷新的条件。在一个实施例中,刷新条件可以反映时间、空间、社交或话题事件或条件。空间事件可以包括与用户或用户感兴趣的实体相关联的空间数据存在改变时的任何事件。例如,空间事件可以是特定量级的用户物理位置的改变(例如,1英里或者进入另一城市),或者用户来到所定义的位置(例如,特定咖啡店或用户的工作位置)附近或者所定义的人(例如,朋友)附近。
时间事件可以包括与时间的过去相关联的任何事件。例如,时间事件例如可以包括具体时间间隔(例如,五分钟或者诸如每天的12:00PM之类的反复重现的绝对时间)的流逝,或者具体日历事件(例如,生日,或者喜爱体育队正进行比赛的日期和时间)。社交事件可以包括与用户的社交网络相关联的任何事件。例如,社交事件可以包括朋友发送的电子邮件,或者朋友在社交网站上的新帖子(包括文本或图像)。话题事件可以包括与话题相关联的任何事件,话题例如是简讯、更新的体育得分、天气警报或者可从喜爱的音乐艺术家获得的新歌曲。
刷新条件可以反映包含不同类型的多个事件或条件的复合条件。例如,体育得分可以每一分钟被刷新,但仅在喜爱体育队被安排来比赛的时间期间被刷新。交通状况可以仅在高峰时间期间或者当报导有事故时被刷新。与朋友有关的数据,例如最近帖子、消息和/或图像,可以仅在非营业时间被刷新。
注意,如上面讨论的数据预先缓存策略是示例性的,而不希望是限制性的。策略可以包括上面未讨论的其它元素,和/或可以不同格式来表示。所有这样的实施例希望落在本公开的范围内。
与上面讨论的那些策略类似的数据缓存策略可以通过运行在数据预先缓存服务器上的数据预先缓存服务来实现。预先缓存策略可被存储在可供数据预先缓存服务器访问的计算机可读介质上。策略可以以诸如人类可读格式(诸如XML)之类的任何合适格式被存储,或者可以以专有二进制格式被存储。
存在用于定义数据预先缓存策略的许多方法,在一些实施例中,这些方法可以单独地或者彼此相组合地被使用。在一个实施例中,用户可以明确地定义要预先缓存在用户设备上的数据的类型。例如,使用移动应用的用户可以明确指定他们希望让从体育网站得到的足球得分在足球赛季期间的周日每一分钟被更新。用户可以指定他们希望让交通状况在高峰时间期间每五分钟被更新。
在一个实施例中,用户可以隐含地定义要预先缓存在用户设备上的数据的类型。例如,如果用户定制化其移动设备的主页,则他们可以选择多种空间、时间、话题或社交数据显示在该页上。选择用于显示在该页上的具体数据类型的动作可以自动地将一个或多个关联数据类型添加到预先缓存策略。刷新条件最初可基于全局默认刷新条件,例如,每五分钟刷新数据的规则。默认刷新条件还可以针对不同数据类型被建立,例如,天气预报可以每小时被刷新,天气新闻头条可以每五分钟被刷新。
在相反情况,数据缓存策略可以完全根据使用被定义。例如,可以对用户设备上的移动应用在一时间段(例如,一天、一周或一月)中取回的数据进行分析。可以对数据类型及其对应源进行标识。可以进行更复杂的分析,并且可以对各种模式的数据使用进行标识。模式可以反映空间、时间、社交或话题关系。例如,空间模式可以指示当用户位于特定公路上时取回交通信息。时间模式可以指示用户在周日的12:00PM与8:00PM之间取回足球得分。社交模式可以指示用户取回与具体个人有关的数据。话题模式可以指示用户取回头条新闻或体育得分。在一个实施例中,这样的模式可以涉及多个变量和复杂模式。
具体地,与数据使用模式有关的数据可从用户的社交网络被获取。在一个实施例中,可以通过分析用户参与的每个已知社交网络来确定用户的全局社交图表。取代分析用户的使用数据或者除了分析用户的使用数据以外,与用户的全局社交图表有关的使用数据的全部或一部分也可以被分析。在一个实施例中,可以针对使用模式来分析与用户的社交图表上的所有人有关的使用数据,或者用户的社交图表的一小部分,例如,被用户定义为朋友的人,可以被分析。用户的社交网络内的最重要的人可以被分析。例如可以通过用户与该人之间的联系频率来标识最重要的人。
基于用户定义数据和经验数据的用户数据缓存策略的生成可被利用。例如,当用户为移动设备设立主页时可以隐含地定义数据缓存策略,并且可以基于数据使用模式来动态地改变该策略。在一个实施例中,用户的数据使用中的数据使用模式被标识出。例如,数据使用模式可以指示用户在每天的8:00AM与9:00AM之间每10分钟查看头条新闻。因此,如果用户将新闻头条置于其主页上,则默认缓存策略可以是每小时刷新缓存中的头条新闻,使用模式可以指示缓存在8:00AM与9:00AM之间应当更频繁地被刷新。
如果缓存刷新率是基于使用的,则刷新率可被优化为使得在统计上有可能用户可能感兴趣的数据将在某个固定的时间百分比时位于缓存中。例如,缓存可被刷新为使得当用户请求信息时该信息可在缓存中被获得的可能性为90%。
存在其它的、另外的可被用来确定数据预先缓存策略的方法。可使用的一种方法是针对数据类型来定义使用模式。在一个实施例中,可以在类型的层次结构和子类型的无限层次结构中来定义数据类型。这样的层次结构在概念上可被表示为:
在数据层次结构中的每个层级处,可以存在具体使用模式。对体育数据感兴趣的用户一般可能表现出特定数据使用模式,例如每天每小时查看体育新闻。洋基队球迷可以在洋基队比赛正进行的日期和时间中每10分钟查看得分。使用模式可被用来形成针对每种类型、子类型等的缓存策略。替代地或者另外地,管理员或其它用户可以建立数据类型并且建立缓存策略。可以定期地,例如每周或每月,基于使用模式来动态地确定针对每种类型和子类型的缓存策略。
在一个实施例中,可以针对特定用户(如上面讨论的)、特定社交圈来确定针对具体数据类型的使用模式,特定社交圈是由一组用户定义的,这一组用户将彼此包括在他们的社交圈中或者可以是具有一个或多个特定性质(例如,洋基队球迷)的所有用户或已知用户的子集。可以通过分析所定义的一组用户在所定义时段(例如,一天、一月或一天)中的实际使用模式来确定使用模式。这样的使用模式可被用来形成数据预先缓存策略。
数据类型层次结构可由管理员来定义,并且默认缓存策略最初可以手动地来定义。可以使用来自所有用户或所有用户的某个子集的数据使用模式来动态地改变这样的缓存策略。替代地或另外地,可以通过分析来自所有用户或所有用户的某个子集的数据使用模式来凭经验标识出针对数据类型的数据使用模式。所标识数据类型可以手动地被组织或被置于现有数据层次结构中。替代地或另外地,可以通过对数据使用的类似模式进行匹配来凭经验标识数据层次结构。
如果预先缓存策略是针对特定数据类型被确定的,则这样的预先缓存策略可被用来利用这里讨论的其它方法来确定预先缓存策略。例如,如果用户明确地或隐含地将数据类型添加到其预先缓存策略中,而非使用用户在某个任意时间段中的实际数据使用模式,则已经针对用户感兴趣的数据类型被形成的数据预先缓存策略可以被用在用户的预先缓存策略中。例如,在用户对洋基队得分感兴趣的情况中,可基于来自对洋基队得分感兴趣的所有用户的数据来形成针对洋基队得分的预先缓存策略。这样的策略继而可被结合到对洋基队得分感兴趣的个体用户的简档中。
用户类型可被定义为包括针对用户类型的预先缓存策略。用户类型可以宽泛地被定义为具有特定数据使用模式的一组用户。用户类型的一种定义可以是使用与特定模式的数据类型有关的数据的一组用户。这样的模式可以凭经验被标识出,例如,观察到在对于一种数据类型的兴趣与对于另一数据类型的兴趣之间存在特定的相关性。这样的模式可由管理员标识出,例如,管理员可以定义诸如足球迷之类的用户类型,其中,这样的用户对包括足球新闻项和足球得分在内的数据类型感兴趣。
用户类型可以简单地包括进数据类型,并从所包括的数据类型继承使用模式和缓存策略。替代地,可以分析被标识为属于特定用户类型的用户的数据使用模式,并且可以针对作为整体的用户类型或者针对用户类型内的数据类型来确定数据使用模式。替代地,数据使用模式和数据预先缓存策略最初可以从预定义用户类型和数据类型被获得,并且根据用户的实际使用模式或者所定义用户群组(例如,所有用户、用户的社交圈或单独用户)的实际使用模式而被改进。
可以明确地、隐含地或凭经验将用户指派给用户类型。用户可以自己将自己定义为例如Packer迷。替代地,用户可以通过选择足球新闻和足球得分以用于包括在其主页上来将其自身标识为足球迷。可以通过标识出使用频率和数据类型的模式并将这些模式关联到明确地或隐含地定义的用户类型来凭经验将用户指派给用户类型。在一个实施例中,与明确地被定义为属于特定类型的用户有关的数据使用模式可被用来训练诸如SVM之类的分类器,以将新用户指派给特定用户类型。
在一个实施例中,用户可被指派给一个以上的用户类型。因此,例如,用户可以是“NY通勤者”和“洋基队球迷”。每种类型表现出特定类型和数据使用模式。在一个实施例中,当用户类型包括不同数据类型时,用户类型可以无缝地被组合。当数据类型重叠时,数据使用模式和预先缓存策略可以从一个用户类型被选出或者被平均(如果它们不同的话)。
在一个实施例中,预先缓存策略可被限制为用户经常访问的特定的一组内容。例如,预先缓存策略可被限制为出现在移动设备的用户主页上的元素。预先缓存策略可被用于根据个人来建模信息需求、习惯,并且为用户的实际内容加载和显示请求的类型、频率和定时指定预测模型。这样的策略可被用来创建个体化缓存简档并且因此根据该模型为该用户进行缓存。可以为各个用户或用户类型来维护这样的个体化简档。
因此,可以以至少两种方式来优化预先缓存。第一种方式是跨越具有相同或类似内容和/或习惯的所有已知用户来对模式进行协同过滤以创建一组标准的用户类型或类别,或者第二种方式是分别地专门基于该用户或设备的实际行为。
例如,假设用户的日历具有规律的周一至周五6AM的每日闹钟。则用户的简档可以包括在5:59AM将刷新的主页递送给用户的设备。每个用户要求的个人模式可能需要大量空间和处理,因此用户的简档可以包括足够接近每个用户的实际使用数据组的一个或多个类型。因此,在一个实施例中,为了更容易实现可以使用有限数目的缓存模型,并且然后,对每个用户的匹配可以被匹配到最接近的可能匹配。
因此,每个用户帮助建立用于用户类型的配置选择的规范。取决于内容,在具有变化的关注点的实体网站上可以存在不同类型的用户。所缓存数据的软到期基于用户的聚合模式,并且特定用户的实际需求和上下文可以被建立。个体缓存可以提供更好的用户体验,并且可以随着时间改变,以随着更多的实际使用数据被累积而增长和提升。
图2图示出了能够支持当前发明的各个实施例的硬件和网络配置的一个实施例。
一个或多个用户1100和1200定期利用其移动设备1120和1220来通过诸如因特网之类的网络1900访问信息。这样的信息源自于一个或多个网络数据提供商,例如容宿网站的服务器1400、数据种子1600或者以本领域已知的任何传统格式来提供信息的其它服务。
移动设备用户可以至少部分地经由位于预先缓存服务服务器1800上的数据预先缓存服务来获取信息。该数据预先缓存服务可以以任何方式(例如上面讨论的技术)来预测用户可能的数据需求。该服务可以在计算机可读介质1820上维护数据预先缓存策略并且在预料到用户的数据需求时向用户的移动设备1120和1220发送数据。另外,该服务可以分析用户1100和1200的数据使用模式,并使用这样的模式来确定预先缓存策略。如上所述,预先缓存策略可以利用来自所有用户或者所有用户的子集的数据来确定。
图3图示出了用于实现当前发明的至少一个实施例的处理300的计算机实现方式的一个实施例。
利用至少一个计算设备来为移动设备构建预先缓存策略2100,其中该预先缓存策略定义用户被预测在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一种数据类型的预料。在一个实施例中,数据刷新条件包括一个或多个事件,其中当事件发生时,刷新条件得到满足。数据类型可以包括任何种类的空间、时间、社交或话题数据,例如当前位置、日历事件、朋友最近的脸谱发帖、与喜爱体育队的话题或得分有关的新闻。刷新条件内的事件可以是任何类型的空间、时间、社交或话题事件,例如,用户进入新的城市,固定的时间间隔流逝,朋友发了新的脸谱帖子或者与话题有关的新新闻项出现在新闻专线上。在一个实施例中,预先缓存策略被存储在计算机可读介质上2120。
在一个实施例中,通过利用计算设备识别用户利用用户设备在一时间段中请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建预先缓存策略。数据使用模式可以包括数据类型,并且还可以包括与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件。被联系事件可被用来定义针对该数据类型的预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件。
这样的使用数据可以从任何可用源被获得,可用源例如是查询日志、数据服务器日志或者位于用户设备上的日志。为了快速构建预先缓存策略,使用数据可预期性地由数据预先缓存服务跟踪。
除了分析个体用户或用户设备的使用数据以外,可以识别用户组的使用数据的数据使用模式。这样的组可以包括所有用户或者选出的用户子集。在一个实施例中,一组可以包括从用户的社交图表中选出的一个或多个用户。
可以通过识别数据使用数据内的数据使用模式来完全凭经验确定预先缓存策略内的数据类型。替代地或者另外,数据类型可被预定义。在一个实施例中,可由管理员手动地或者通过分析一个或多个用户的数据使用来定义数据类型的层次结构,例如,体育新闻->得分->棒球得分->洋基队得分。然后可针对这些预定义的数据类型来构建预先缓存策略。在一个实施例中,可通过分析大量用户的大量数据来构建针对各个数据类型的预先缓存策略。数据使用和相联系事件的空间、时间、社交和话题模式可被识别并被用来构建数据层次结构的每个层级处的策略。
预定义数据类型然后可被用来构建针对各个用户的预先缓存策略。在一个实施例中,如果用户的数据使用模式中的给定数据类型被识别,则针对该数据类型的预定义缓存策略可被使用来取代使用用户的实际使用模式。可针对在用户的数据使用模式中标识出的具体数据类型(例如,洋基队得分)或者针对包含所标识数据类型的更一般性数据类型(例如,棒球得分)来选择针对数据类型的预先缓存策略。
可针对用户类型来构建预先缓存策略。可利用一个或多个用户性质来标识具体用户组。这样的性质可以包括但不限于人口统计学(例如,18-22岁大的学生)或者自我认定类别(例如,洋基队球迷)。在一个实施例中,所标识组中的所有用户的全部或所有用户的子集的数据使用数据中的数据使用模式被识别出。这样的模式可被用来凭经验形成数据预先缓存策略,或者可被用来选择针对预定义数据类型的预定义预先缓存策略。
一旦预先缓存策略被构建,则其被计算设备执行2200。在一个实施例中,每当用户的移动设备被连接到网络时用户的预先缓存策略就被执行,并且只要用户连接到网络就继续执行。在一个实施例中,仅当用户主动与移动设备交互时预先缓存策略才执行。
在预先缓存策略的控制下,计算设备检测1300数据刷新条件何时发生。当数据刷新条件发生时,计算设备于是将与刷新条件相关联的数据从适当数据源取回2400,并将数据通过网络发送2500到可供运行在用户设备上的至少一个应用程序访问的用户设备缓存。
图4图示出了能够支持图3所示的处理的至少一个实施例的预先缓存服务引擎3000的一个实施例。该引擎包括预先缓存策略创建模块3100、预先缓存策略执行模块3200、刷新条件检测模块3300、数据取回模块3400和数据发送模块3500。
在一个实施例中,这些模块的每个包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,计算机可读存储介质存储用于如下所述的功能的软件。在一个实施例中,这些模块的每个可在服务器上实现,例如,图1和图2分别所示的服务器400和1800。这样的实施例完全是示例性的,并且所示出的所有模块可以在任意数目的服务器上以任意组合来实现,如本领域技术人员将容易清楚的。
预先缓存策略创建模块3100被配置来为移动设备构建预先缓存策略。每个预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料。通过识别单个用户或多个用户在一时间段中请求的数据中的至少一个数据使用模式来构建预先缓存策略。至少,数据使用模式包括至少一个数据类型。多个用户可以是任何可标识组的用户,例如所有用户或社交图表上的用户。
在一个实施例中,至少一些数据使用模式各自还包括与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件,其中至少一个事件被预先缓存策略创建模块3100用来定义各预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件。这样的事件可以包括空间、事件、社交或话题事件。
在一个实施例中,至少一些数据使用模式中的数据类型被预先缓存策略创建模块3100用来选择针对这些数据类型的预定义预先缓存策略。在一个实施例中,针对这些数据类型的预定义预先缓存策略由预先缓存策略创建模块通过识别第二多个用户所请求的数据中的至少一个数据使用模式来确定,其中数据使用模式包括数据类型。在一个实施例中,数据使用模式中的数据类型可被用来选择针对如下数据类型的预定义预先缓存策略,该数据类型表示包含该数据类型的一般性数据类型。
预先缓存策略执行模块3200被配置为执行由预先缓存策略创建模块3100构建的预先缓存策略。在一个实施例中,每当用户的移动设备被连接到网络时用户的预先缓存策略就被执行,并且只要用户连接到网络就继续执行。在一个实施例中,仅当用户主动与其移动设备交互时预先缓存策略才执行。
刷新条件检测模块3300被配置为检测与由预先缓存策略执行模块3200执行的预先缓存策略有关的数据刷新条件何时发生。
数据取回模块3400被配置为通过网络从至少一个数据源取回数据,其中所取回数据是根据刷新条件检测模块3300检测到该数据刷新条件所发生的地点的预先缓存策略而被取回的。
数据发送模块3500被配置为将数据取回模块取回的所取回数据通过网络发送给可供运行在用户设备上的应用程序访问的用户设备缓存。
本领域技术人员将认识到,本公开的方法和系统可以以许多方式来实现并且因此不限于前面的示例性实施例和示例。换言之,由单个或多个组件以硬件和软件或固件的各种组合执行的功能元素以及各个功能可被分配在客户端级或服务器级或它们两者处的软件应用间。就此而言,这里描述的不同实施例的任意数目的特征可被组合成单个或多个实施例,并且具有这里描述的所有特征、更少特征或更多特征的替代实施例也是可能的。还可以以现在已知的或者将来知道的方式将功能整体地或部分地分配在多个组件间。因此,无数的软件/硬件/固件组合能够实现这里描述的功能、特征、接口和优选项。此外,如现在和以后的本领域技术人员将明白的,本公开的范围涵盖用于实现这里描述的特征和功能及接口的传统上的已知方式,以及可能对这里描述的硬件或软件或固件组件作出的那些变更和修改,如现在和此后的本领域技术人员将明白的。
此外,在本公开中被呈现和描述为流程图的方法实施例是以示例的方式提供的,以便提供对技术的更全面理解。所公开的方法不限于这里呈现的操作和逻辑流程。可构想这样的替代实施例,其中,各个操作的顺序被改变并且被描述为较大操作一部分的子操作独立地被执行。
虽然为了本公开的目的已描述了各个实施例,然而这些实施例不应被认为将本公开的教导限制于这些实施例。可以对上述元件和操作作出各种改变和修改,以获得依然在本公开所描述的系统和处理的范围内的结果。
Claims (24)
1.一种用于在移动设备上预先缓存信息的方法,包括以下步骤:
利用至少一个计算设备为所述移动设备构建预先缓存策略,其中所述预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料,
其中,所述预先缓存策略是通过利用所述至少一个计算设备识别所述用户利用用户设备在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的,其中,所述数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型以及与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件,其中,所述至少一个事件被用来定义所述预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件;
利用所述至少一个计算设备执行所述预先缓存策略;
利用所述至少一个计算设备检测所述至少一个数据刷新条件已发生;
通过网络从至少一个数据源取回数据,其中,所取回的数据是根据所述至少一个预先缓存策略被取回的;
通过所述网络将所取回的数据发送给运行在所述用户设备上的至少一个应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存。
2.一种用于在移动设备上预先缓存信息的方法,包括以下步骤:
利用至少一个计算设备为所述移动设备构建预先缓存策略,其中所述预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料,其中,所述预先缓存策略是通过利用所述至少一个计算设备识别多个用户在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的,其中,所述数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型;
利用所述至少一个计算设备执行所述预先缓存策略;
利用所述至少一个计算设备检测所述至少一个数据刷新条件已发生;
通过网络从至少一个数据源取回数据,其中,所取回的数据是根据所述至少一个预先缓存策略被取回的;
通过所述网络将所取回的数据发送给运行在所述用户设备上的至少一个应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个数据使用模式还包括与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件,其中,所述至少一个事件被用来定义所述预先缓存策略内的至少一个数据刷新条件。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述多个用户是从所述用户的社交网络中选出的。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述数据使用模式中的所述至少一个数据类型被用来选择针对所述至少一个数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,针对所述至少一个数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略是通过利用所述至少一个计算设备识别第二多个用户所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来确定的,其中该数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述数据使用模式中的所述至少一个数据类型被用来选择针对如下数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略:该数据类型表示包含所述至少一个数据类型的一般性数据类型。
8.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个数据类型是社交数据类型。
9.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个数据类型是话题数据。
10.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个刷新条件是社交事件。
11.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个刷新条件是话题事件。
12.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个刷新条件是用户接口事件。
13.一种用于在移动设备上预先缓存信息的系统,包括:
预先缓存策略创建模块,该预先缓存策略创建模块包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,所述计算机可读存储介质存储用于利用至少一个计算设备为所述移动设备构建预先缓存策略的软件,其中每个预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料,其中,每个预先缓存策略是通过识别多个用户在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的,其中,所述数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型;
预先缓存策略执行模块,该预先缓存策略执行模块包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,所述计算机可读存储介质存储用于执行由所述预先缓存策略创建模块所构建的预先缓存策略的软件;
刷新条件检测模块,该刷新条件检测模块包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,所述计算机可读存储介质存储用于检测与所述预先缓存策略执行模块所执行的预先缓存策略有关的数据刷新条件己发生的软件;
数据取回模块,该数据取回模块包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,所述计算机可读存储介质存储用于通过网络从至少一个数据源取回数据的软件,其中,所取回的数据是根据针对所述刷新条件检测模块在何处检测到数据刷新条件已发生的预先缓存策略被取回的;
数据发送模块,该数据发送模块包括被编程来执行从计算机可读存储介质取回的软件代码的一个或多个处理器,所述计算机可读存储介质存储用于将由所述数据取回模块所取回的数据通过网络发送给运行在用户设备上的应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存的软件。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统,其中,至少一些数据使用模式各自还包括与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件,其中所述至少一个事件被用来定义各预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件。
15.如权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述多个用户是从所述用户的社交网络中选出的。
16.如权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述至少一些数据使用模式中的至少一个数据类型被用来选择针对所述至少一个数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中,针对所述至少一个数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略是由所述预先缓存策略创建模块通过识别第二多个用户所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来确定的,其中该数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型。
18.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中,所述数据使用模式中的所述至少一个数据类型被用来选择针对如下数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略:该数据类型表示包含所述至少一个数据类型的一般性数据类型。
19.一种用于在移动设备上预先缓存信息的系统,包括:
用于利用至少一个计算设备为所述移动设备构建预先缓存策略的装置,其中所述预先缓存策略定义预测用户在至少一个数据刷新条件发生之后要请求的至少一个数据类型的预料,其中,所述预先缓存策略是通过利用所述至少一个计算设备识别多个用户在一时间段内所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来构建的,其中,所述数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型;
用于利用所述至少一个计算设备执行所述预先缓存策略的装置;
用于利用所述至少一个计算设备检测所述至少一个数据刷新条件已发生的装置;
用于通过网络从至少一个数据源取回数据的装置,其中,所取回的数据是根据所述至少一个预先缓存策略被取回的;
用于通过所述网络将所取回的数据发送给运行在所述用户设备上的至少一个应用程序可访问的用户设备缓存的装置。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中,所述至少一个数据使用模式还包括与数据的使用相联系的至少一个事件,其中所述至少一个事件被用来定义该预先缓存策略内的至少一个刷新条件。
21.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中,所述多个用户是从所述用户的社交网络中选出的。
22.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中,所述数据使用模式中的所述至少一个数据类型被用来选择针对所述至少一个数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略。
23.如权利要求22所述的系统,其中,针对所述至少一个数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略是通过利用所述至少一个计算设备识别第二多个用户所请求的数据的至少一个数据使用模式来确定的,其中该数据使用模式包括所述至少一个数据类型。
24.如权利要求22所述的系统,其中,所述数据使用模式中的所述至少一个数据类型被用来选择针对如下数据类型的预定义的预先缓存策略:该数据类型表示包含所述至少一个数据类型的一般性数据类型。
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