CN102470608B - 改进的立体成型机 - Google Patents

改进的立体成型机 Download PDF

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CN102470608B
CN102470608B CN201080034353.3A CN201080034353A CN102470608B CN 102470608 B CN102470608 B CN 102470608B CN 201080034353 A CN201080034353 A CN 201080034353A CN 102470608 B CN102470608 B CN 102470608B
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stereolithography machine
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塞尔焦·泽内雷
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明是一种立体成型机(1)，该立体成型机(1)包括如下部件：容器(3)，该容器(3)适于容纳流体物质并设置有可透射性底部(3a)；支撑板(2)，该支撑板(2)设置有孔(2a)并设计为安置容器(3)从而使得可透射性底部(3a)面向孔(2a)；辐射源(4)，该辐射源(4)布置在所述支撑板(2)下方并适于经由孔(2a)朝可透射性底部(3a)传输辐射束；温度控制单元(5)，该温度控制单元(5)适于将支撑板(2)维持于预定温度。

Description

改进的立体成型机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其适于快速成型三维物体的立体成型机。
背景技术
已知类型的立体成型机包括由设置有中心开口的板支撑的可透射性容器，在其下侧设有光发射器。
容器容纳塑料树脂，如果暴露于由优选是激光发射器的所述发射器发射的辐射，则该塑料树脂聚合并因此而固化。
在容器之上设有支撑元件，三维物体在其成形期间相对于该支撑元件保持锚固。
如已知，三维物体的制造过程如此进行，即，通过借助激光束的作用而选择性地固化与容器底部相邻的树脂薄层，该激光束经由存在于板中的孔和可透射性底部而到达所述树脂层。
支撑元件相继地升起以便将固化的层从容器底部分开，从而允许其它液态树脂流向容器底部。
对多个相继的层重复上面提到的操作，直到完成三维物体的生产。
本专利的申请人已发现，已知的上述类型的机器引起如下缺点，即，它们不适于所谓“混杂”树脂的使用，该“混杂”树脂包含各种不同类型的成分，例如与陶瓷、蜡或其它非塑料成分混合的塑料成分。
因此，存在不便之处，即，上面提到的混杂树脂在已知类型的机器中的使用负面地影响所获得的物体的质量并且增加生产废品的数目。
发明内容
本发明试图克服如上简略描述的已知技术的缺点。
特别地，本发明的目标是，提供一种立体成型机，该立体成型机包括布置在容器下侧的辐射发射器，并且使得对于任何类型的树脂，包括所谓的混杂树脂，都可获得最佳的固化结果。
该目标已通过根据主权利要求构造的立体成型机来实现。
在一些实际测试之后，本专利的申请人已发现，在所谓的混杂树脂中，在使用已知的上述类型的立体成型机期间，不同成分分离且在树脂基体中形成块团，这使其不均质并且妨碍其正确固化。
申请人已发现，将树脂维持在适合的预定温度可避免树脂的分离，同时维持树脂均质，并且获得其最佳的固化。
为了维持所述预定温度，作为本发明主题的立体成型机包括适于控制支撑树脂容器的板的温度的设备。
有利的是，将板维持在预定温度意味着通过热传导而也将容器进而容纳在容器中的树脂维持在所述预定温度。
此外，作为本发明主题的立体成型机的细节在从属权利要求中加以描述。
附图说明
所述目标和优点连同在下面变得明显的其它目标和优点将在本发明的优选实施方式的描述中被详细示出，所述优选实施方式参照附图通过非限制性示例而提供，在所述附图中：
图1示出作为本发明主题的立体成型机的轴测图；
图2示出图1的机器的不同角度的轴测图；
图3示出图1中所示的机器的局部区段的正视图；
图4示出图3中所示的机器的局部分解细节。
具体实施方式
本发明的在图1中作为整体由1表示的立体成型机包括支撑板2，该支撑板2与容器3相联，该容器3适于容纳流体物质尤其是液态树脂9并且设置有可透射性底部3a。
此外，如图2中所示，存在辐射源4，该辐射源4布置在支撑板2下方，该辐射源4的辐射适于固化树脂9或其它等效的流体物质。
辐射源4经由设置在支撑板2中的孔2a朝容器3传输辐射束，由此引起与容器3的底部相邻的树脂层9的固化。
辐射源4优选地但不必要地发射激光束4a，并且与操作单元11相联，该操作单元11适合将激光束4a在容器3上的入射点关于两个相互正交的轴线移位。
显然的是，另一方面，在本发明的构造变型方案中，辐射源4可以是任何其它已知类型，例如镜面矩阵，以将二维的图像投影在容器3上。
正在成形的三维物体10由支撑元件12支撑，该支撑元件12与移动装置13相联，以便在竖直方向上移动支撑元件12。
上述的部件由搁置在地面上的机架支撑，该机架未在附图中示出但本身是已知的。
根据本发明，立体成型机1包括在图2中可见的适合将支撑板2维持在预定温度的温度控制单元5。
热传导允许将板2还有容器3进而容纳在容器3中的树脂9维持在相同的预定温度。
上面提到的温度能以如下方式选定，即，使得防止树脂9的不同成分分离。
控制单元5优选地如此构造，即，使得能够将板2维持于在预定间隔内选定的任何温度，从而可对不同类型的树脂设定最适合的条件。
由此，本发明实现了如下目标，即，提供一种立体成型机1，该立体成型机1允许任何类型的树脂9的使用，而不影响固化过程。
优选地，温度控制单元5包括一对加热元件6，这对加热元件6与所述支撑板2在关于孔2a对置的位置中热联接。
有利的是，两个加热元件6确保在整个板2上进而在整个容器3上的均匀热分布。
因此显然的是，在本发明的构造变型方案中，依赖于制造业者的需要，加热元件6的数目也可以是仅一个或多于两个。
优选地，温度控制单元5还包括温度传感器7，该温度传感器7与板2热联接。
上面提到的温度传感器7和加热元件6操作性地连接至未在此示出但本身是已知的适合将板2维持在恒定的温度的控制单元。
优选地，温度传感器7布置在两个加热元件6之间的中间位置中，从而测量板2的平均温度，由此提高调节精度。
加热元件6优选地但不必要地是电阻器6a，并且与板2处于接触，从而获得最佳的热交换，如图3中所示。
优选地，所述接触能通过使用传导膏而更有效地形成，有利地，该传导膏使得可补偿加热元件6和板2之间的任何接触不良。
优选地，加热元件6安置在凹部14中，该凹部14属于板2，在图4的细节中以打开状态示出。
优选地，上面提到的凹部14设置有盖8，该盖8可移除地与板2相联，以便允许加热元件6的简易装配和/或更换。
优选地，用于支撑板2的材料是铝或其它具有相似机械抵抗性和热传导性的材料。
操作性地，将容器3填充以液态树脂9，随后根据上面给出的说明以已知的方法生产三维物体10。
然而，不同于在已知类型的机器中所发生的，根据本发明，在物体10成形期间，温度控制单元5将板2的温度维持在预定值。
上面提到的预定温度根据所使用的树脂9的类型来选择，由此维持对于保证树脂固化而言必需的均质性。
以上清楚地示出，上述的立体成型机实现了设定目标。
特别地，温度控制设备允许树脂被维持在避免树脂成分分离进而保证正确固化过程的最佳的条件中。
在构造期间，作为本发明主题的机器可以进行改变，这些改变尽管未在附图中示出或在此加以描述，但仍应被本专利所涵盖，只要它们落在下列权利要求的范围内。
当在任何权利要求中提到的技术特征后面跟随着附图标记时，仅出于增加权利要求的可理解性而包括这些附图标记，并且因此这些附图标记对由这些附图标记以示例的方式标示的每个元件的保护不具有任何限制性影响。

Claims (11)

1.一种立体成型机(1)，所述立体成型机(1)包括：
-容器(3)，所述容器(3)填充以液态树脂(9)并设置有可透射性底部(3a)；
-支撑板(2)，所述支撑板(2)设置有孔(2a)，所述支撑板(2)设计为安置所述容器(3)从而使得所述可透射性底部(3a)面向所述孔(2a)；
-辐射源(4)，所述辐射源(4)布置在所述支撑板(2)下方、适于经由所述孔(2a)朝所述可透射性底部(3a)传输辐射束；
其特征在于，所述立体成型机包括温度控制单元(5)，所述温度控制单元(5)适于将所述支撑板(2)维持于适于防止所述液态树脂(9)的不同成分分离的预定温度，并且通过与所述支撑板(2)的热传导而也将所述容器(3)维持于适于防止所述液态树脂(9)的不同成分分离的预定温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述温度控制单元(5)包括至少一个加热元件(6)，所述加热元件(6)与所述支撑板(2)热联接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述温度控制单元(5)包括温度传感器(7)，所述温度传感器(7)与所述支撑板(2)热联接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述加热元件(6)和所述温度传感器(7)操作性地连接至适于将所述支撑板(2)的温度保持于恒定值的控制单元。
5.根据权利要求2所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述加热元件(6)是电阻器(6a)。
6.根据权利要求2所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述立体成型机包括两个所述加热元件(6)，所述加热元件(6)与所述支撑板(2)在关于所述孔(2a)对置的侧上热联接。
7.根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述加热元件(6)布置成与所述支撑板(2)接触。
8.根据权利要求7所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述支撑板(2)包括用于安置所述加热元件(6)的凹部(14)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述凹部(14)设置有盖(8)，所述盖(8)可移除地安装在所述支撑板(2)上。
10.根据权利要求2所述的立体成型机(1)，其特征在于，所述辐射束是激光束(4a)。
11.一种立体成型方法，所述立体成型方法包括以下操作：
-准备适于在暴露于预定辐射束时固化的液态树脂(9)；
-准备适于容纳所述液态树脂(9)且设置有可透射性底部(3a)的容器(3)；
-以所述液态树脂(9)填充所述容器(3)；
-使所述容器(3)与设置有用于使所述辐射束穿过的孔(2a)的支撑板(2)相联，从而使得所述容器(3)的可透射性底部(3a)面向所述孔(2a)；
-经由所述孔(2a)朝所述可透射性底部(3a)传输所述辐射束；
其特征在于，所述液态树脂(9)是不同成分的混合物，所述不同成分倾向于在室温下分离，并且，所述方法包括如下操作：通过与所述支撑板(2)的热传导而加热所述容器(3)，从而将所述液态树脂(9)维持于适于防止所述成分的所述分离的预定温度。
CN201080034353.3A 2009-08-03 2010-08-03 改进的立体成型机 Expired - Fee Related CN102470608B (zh)

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