CN102459128A - 包含Al、Ti、Si的氧化物的熔凝粒子及包含此类粒子的陶瓷产品 - Google Patents

包含Al、Ti、Si的氧化物的熔凝粒子及包含此类粒子的陶瓷产品 Download PDF

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CN102459128A
CN102459128A CN201080028616XA CN201080028616A CN102459128A CN 102459128 A CN102459128 A CN 102459128A CN 201080028616X A CN201080028616X A CN 201080028616XA CN 201080028616 A CN201080028616 A CN 201080028616A CN 102459128 A CN102459128 A CN 102459128A
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oxide compound
particle
sio
aforementioned
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S.拉菲
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Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Abstract

具有基于氧化物以重量百分比计的下列化学组成的熔凝粒子:大于15%但小于55%的Al2O3;大于20%但小于45%的TiO2;大于3%但小于30%的SiO2;总计小于20%的至少一种选自ZrO2、Ce2O3和HfO2的氧化物;小于1%的MgO;总量大于1%但小于15%的氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO。通过烧结所述粒子获得的陶瓷产品或材料。

Description

包含Al、Ti、Si的氧化物的熔凝粒子及包含此类粒子的陶瓷产品
本发明涉及用于陶瓷用途的粒子,主要由包含元素Al、Ti和Si的氧化物组成。本发明还涉及制造此类粒子的方法,并涉及由所述粒子形成或包含它们的陶瓷产品,特别但不仅仅涉及尤其用于柴油类型内燃机的排气管道中的过滤器结构或催化剂载体。
在说明书的其余部分中,为方便起见和按照陶瓷领域的惯例,将根据相应的简单氧化物SiO2、Al2O3或TiO2描述包含元素Al、Ti和Si的所述氧化物。特别地,在下列描述中,构成本发明的氧化物的各种元素的比例按照相应的简单氧化物相对于存在于所述粒子中所有氧化物重量的百分数来给出。
在说明书的其余部分中,将更特别描述本发明的粒子的用途以及它们在可以消除包含在来自汽油或柴油内燃机的废气中的污染物的过滤器或催化剂载体的特定领域中的优点。但是,显而易见的是,由于它们提供的优点,此类粒子能够有利地用于陶瓷领域中的许多其它用途,尤其是用于其中需要强机械强度和/或低热膨胀系数(CTE)的任何领域。特别可提及但不限于下列领域:与铝或熔融状态的金属接触使用的耐火材料部件的制造;滑阀板;金属过滤器;或用于烧结炉的烧箱(gazetterie)的制造。
在废气污染控制结构的特定情况下,它们通常具有蜂窝型结构。
如已知的那样,粒状过滤器在其使用过程中被施以一系列过滤(烟炱聚积)和再生(烟炱消除)阶段。在过滤阶段过程中,发动机排放的烟炱粒子被保留并沉积在过滤器内部。在再生阶段过程中,烟炱粒子在过滤器内部烧尽,由此恢复其过滤性质。因此要理解的是,过滤器的组成材料在低温与高温下的机械强度对此类用途而言具有极为重要的。同样,该材料必须具有足够稳定的结构以便尤其在装有该材料的汽车的整个使用寿命期间经受局部升高至明显高于1000℃的温度,尤其是如果难以控制某些再生阶段的话。
目前,该过滤器主要由多孔陶瓷材料,最通常为碳化硅或堇青石制成。此类碳化硅催化过滤器描述在例如EP 816 065、EP 1 142 619、EP 1 455 923或WO 2004/090294和WO 2004/065088的专利申请中。此类过滤器能够获得化学惰性过滤结构,该结构表现出优异的导热性并具有对于过滤来自内燃机的烟炱用途而言理想的孔隙率特征,特别是孔隙的平均尺寸和尺寸分布。
但是,该材料仍存在许多先天的缺陷:
第一个缺陷是SiC的偏高的热膨胀系数,高于4·10-6K-1,这阻碍了制造大尺寸的单片过滤器,并最通常要求将该过滤器分割成几个用水泥粘合在一起的蜂窝元件,如专利申请EP 1 455 923中所述那样。第二个经济性缺陷与可以烧结以保证该蜂窝结构具有足够的抗热机械性(尤其是在过滤器的连续再生阶段过程中)的极高焙烧温度,通常高于2100℃的温度有关。此类温度要求安装特种设备,这极大地提高了最终获得的过滤器的成本。
另一方面,尽管堇青石过滤器是已知的,并因其低成本而已经长期使用,现在已知的是,在此类结构中会遇到问题,尤其是在控制不佳的再生循环过程中,在此期间,该过滤器会局部经受高于堇青石熔点的温度。这些热点的后果由过滤器效率的部分损失直到在最严重的情况下其完全损坏。此外,在连续再生循环过程中所达到的温度下堇青石不具有足够的化学惰性,并由此容易与来自已经在过滤阶段过程中聚积在该结构中的润滑油、燃料或其它油类的残余物的物类反应,并被其腐蚀,这种现象也能导致该结构的性质的快速劣化。
例如,在专利申请WO 2004/011124中描述了此类缺陷,为了弥补所述缺陷,其提供了基于用富铝红柱石(10至40重量%)补强的钛酸铝(60至90重量%)的过滤器,其耐久性得到改进。
按照另一实施方式,专利申请EP 1 559 696提出了使用粉末以制备通过在1000至1700℃下反应性烧结铝、钛和镁的氧化物所获得的制造蜂窝状过滤器。烧结后获得的材料呈两种相的混合物的形式:包含钛、铝和镁的铁板钛矿(Al2TiO5)钛酸铝结构类型的主相,和NayK1-yAlSi3O8型长石次生相。
但是,本申请人进行的试验表明,目前难以保证基于该钛酸铝型材料的结构的性能,特别是难以实现例如适于令其能够直接用于颗粒过滤器类型的高温用途中的热膨胀系数和/或机械强度和/或耐腐蚀性值。
最特别地,在由氧化物类材料过滤颗粒的特定用途中,必须控制耐腐蚀性以避免改变该过滤器的孔隙率。更确切地说,用作过滤器成分的材料的对腐蚀的高倾向性导致易于封闭孔隙的反应,并显著降低过滤能力,并且在最严重的情况下会因过滤壁穿孔而导致渗漏。
按照第一方面,本发明涉及包含钛酸铝类型的氧化物材料的新型粒子,所述粒子能够获得具有显著改进的上述性质的材料与产品。本发明的粒子由此可以有利地用于陶瓷材料的许多应用领域中,特别是用于制造过滤器和/或催化结构,通常为蜂窝结构。
更确切地说,按照第一方面,本发明涉及具有以基于氧化物的重量百分比计的下列化学组成的熔凝粒子(grains fondus):
—大于15%但小于55%的Al2O3
—大于20%但小于45%的TiO2
—大于3%但小于30%的SiO2
—总计小于20%的至少一种选自ZrO2、Ce2O3和HfO2的氧化物;和
—小于1%的MgO。
优选地,Al2O3占该化学组成的大于15%,该百分比基于氧化物按重量计。例如,尤其对于多孔结构类型的用途而言,Al2O3可以占该化学组成的大于25%,更优选大于35%。优选地,Al2O3占该化学组成的小于54%或甚至小于53%,该百分比基于氧化物按重量计。优选地,当SiO2占该化学组成的大于10%时,Al2O3占该化学组成的小于52%,甚至小于51%,该百分比基于氧化物按重量计。
优选地,TiO2占该化学组成的大于22%且非常优选大于25%。优选地,TiO2占该化学组成的小于43%且非常优选小于40%,甚至小于38%或甚至小于35%,该百分比基于氧化物按重量计。
优选地,SiO2占该化学组成的大于4%,甚至大于6%,甚至大于7%,甚至大于8%,甚至大于10%,甚至大于12%。优选地,SiO2占该化学组成的小于25%且非常优选小于20%,该百分比基于氧化物按重量计。
优选地,MgO占所述粒子化学组成的小于0.9%,甚至小于0.5%或甚至小于0.1%,基于氧化物按重量计。
所述粒子可进一步包含其它元素,如Ca、Na、K、Sr、B和Ba,存在的所述元素的总和量基于相应的简单氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO并相对于存在于所述粒子中的氧化物的总重量为优选小于15重量%、优选小于13重量%或甚至小于12重量%。所述氧化物的总和量可以占该化学组成的大于1%,甚至大于2%,甚至大于4%,甚至大于5%或甚至大于6%。
优选地,粒子中氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO的总和的质量份小于SiO2的质量份,特别是当SiO2的质量比小于15%时。
优选地,如果存在氧化物ZrO2和/或Ce2O3和/或HfO2,其总计占该化学组成的大于0.7%,甚至大于0.8%和非常优选大于1%,该百分比按重量计并基于氧化物给出。优选地,氧化物ZrO2和/或Ce2O3和/或HfO2总计占该化学组成的小于10%且非常优选小于8%。按照一种可能的实施方案,所述粒子优选非常主要地或甚至排它地以上述比例包含氧化锆。不偏离本发明的范围,甚至在此类情况下,可以选择用选自Ce2O3和HfO2的至少一种氧化物来替代一部分ZrO2,基于以摩尔百分比用元素Ce和/或用元素Hf取代元素Zr。这尤其是当所用Zr源含相当大比例的Hf时的情况,如在大多数目前市售的锆源中常见的那样。
本发明的粒子可以进一步包含其它次要元素。
所述粒子实际上可包含其它元素,如Co、Fe、Cr、Mn、La、Y和Ga,相对于存在于所述粒子中氧化物的总重量,基于相应的氧化物CoO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3、MnO2、La2O3、Y2O3和Ga2O3按重量计,存在的所述元素的总量为优选小于2%,例如小于1.5%,甚至小于1.2%。基于氧化物的重量,各次要元素,特别是Fe的重量百分比优选相当于小于0.7%,甚至小于0.6%或甚至小于0.5%。
为了不多余地使本说明书赘述,在本文中没有明确报道在本发明的粒子的组成的各种优选实施方案(如上文已经描述的那些)之间按照本发明的所有可能组合。但是,清楚的是,设想了上述范围和初始和/或优选的值的所有可能的组合,并且必须被视为由申请人在本说明书中得到描述(尤其是两种、三种或更多种组合)。
本发明的熔凝粒子主要由钛酸铝型氧化物相和至少一种硅酸盐相构成。所述一种或多种硅酸盐相的比例可以为粒子总重量的5至50%,优选8至45%,非常优选为粒子总重量的15至40%。按照本发明,所述一种或多种硅酸盐相可以主要由二氧化硅和氧化铝组成。优选地,二氧化硅在所述一种或多种硅酸盐相中的比例大于30%,甚至大于35%。
按照第二方面,本发明还涉及通过烧结上述粒子获得的陶瓷产品或陶瓷材料,所述产品或材料主要包含或由钛酸铝型氧化物相和硅酸盐相构成。
基本由二氧化钛TiO2和/或氧化锆ZrO2和/或二氧化铈CeO2和/或二氧化铪HfO2组成的另一种相可以存在于所述产品或材料中,特别是当ZrO2和/或Ce2O3和/或HfO2含量大于0.7%时。
通常,本发明的陶瓷产品(或材料)具有下列化学组成,基于氧化物以重量%计:
—小于55%的Al2O3
—大于20%但小于45%的TiO2
—大于3%但小于30%的SiO2
—总计小于20%的至少一种选自ZrO2、Ce2O3和HfO2的氧化物;和
—小于1%的MgO。
特别地,所述陶瓷产品可基于氧化物以重量%计并总计包含大于1%但小于15%的至少一种选自Na2O、K2O、CaO、BaO和SrO的氧化物。
通常,与熔凝粒子组成相关的上述所有实施方案可直接转用于本发明的陶瓷产品(或材料)。更特别地,与相应粒子的组成相关的上述所有优选值和范围,尤其是基于相应氧化物的涉及能进入其组成中的各种元素(尤其是Al、Ti、Si、Zr/Ce/Hf、Mg,以及元素Ca、Na、K、Sr、B、Ba,或元素Co、Fe、Cr、Mn、La、Y和Ga)的所有值和范围可直接转用于本发明的产品(或材料)的组成。
再次为了不多余地使本说明书赘述,并未报道在本发明的产品或材料的组成的各种优选实施方案之间的本发明的所有可能组合。但是,当然可以设想该初始和/或优选的范围和值的所有可能组合。
例如,按照本发明的一种可能的实施方案,本发明的陶瓷产品具有下列化学组成,基于氧化物以重量%计:
—大于35%但小于53%的Al2O3
—大于25%但小于40%的TiO2
—大于5%但小于20%的SiO2
—小于1%的MgO;
—总计大于2%但小于13%的至少一种选自CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO的氧化物。
有利地,本发明的粒子可以通过电熔铸法制造,其能够以有利产率和非常好的性价比制造大量粒子。
本发明还涉及制造上述粒子的方法,包括下列步骤:
a)将原材料混合以形成起始原料;
b)将起始原料熔融直到获得熔融的液体;
c)例如在小于3分钟内冷却所述熔融液体以使其完全固化;和
d)研磨所述固体团块以获得熔凝粒子的混合物,也就是说通过熔化法获得。
按照本发明,在步骤a)中选择原材料以使得步骤d)中获得的粒子符合本发明。
当然,在不离开本发明的范围的情况下,也可以使用用于制造熔凝粒子的任何其它常规或已知方法,只要起始原料的组成使得获得的粒子能够具有与本发明的粒子的组成相符的组成。
在步骤b)中,优选使用电弧炉,但可设想使用所有已知的炉,如感应炉或等离子体炉,只要它们能够使起始原料完全熔融。优选地,在惰性条件下,例如在氩气中,或在氧化性条件下进行焙烧(firing),优选在大气压力下进行。
在步骤c)中,冷却可以是快速的,也就是说在小于3分钟内使熔融液体完全固化。优选地,由如专利US 3,993,119中所述将液体浇注到CS模具中或由骤冷来实现该冷却。
在步骤d)中,使用常规技术研磨固体团块,直到获得适于所设想的用途的粒子尺寸。
按照一种特定用途,本发明的产品为由多孔陶瓷材料制得的蜂窝结构,所述结构由多孔陶瓷材料组成,该多孔陶瓷材料由本发明的粒子获得,此外所述结构具有大于10%的孔隙率和中心在5至60微米的孔径。
当按照本发明获得的结构旨在用作颗粒过滤器时,它们具有通常为20至65%的合适的孔隙率,平均孔径理想地为10至20微米。
此类过滤器结构最通常具有包含一个蜂窝状过滤元件或多个通过胶接水泥粘合在一起的蜂窝状过滤元件的中心部分,所述一个或多个过滤元件包含由多孔壁分隔的具有相互平行轴的相邻管道或通道,所述管道在其一端或另一端用塞子封闭以限定通向进气面的进气室和通向排气面的出口室,由此使得气体穿过该多孔壁。
由本发明的粒子的起始混合物制造此类结构的一种方法例如如下:
首先,如上所述混合本发明的熔凝粒子。例如,以使得熔凝粒子具有小于20微米的中值粒径的方式研磨该熔凝粒子。该制造方法通常包括使包含所述粒子、甲基纤维素类有机粘合剂和造孔剂的起始混合物混合,此后加入水直到获得可以进行随后的挤出步骤所需的可塑性。
例如,第一步骤期间包括使包含以下的混合物混合:
—至少5%,例如至少50%,或至少90%或甚至100%的本发明的粒子,混合物的其余部分可能由其它材料的粉末或粒子或元素Al、Ti、Si的简单氧化物或所述氧化物的前体(例如为上述元素的碳酸盐、氢氧化物或其它有机金属化合物形式)所组成;
—任选1至30重量%的按照所需孔径选择的至少一种造孔剂;
—至少一种有机增塑剂和/或有机粘合剂;和
—合适量的水以使得该产品成形。
术语“前体”理解为是指通常在热处理的早期阶段,也就是说在通常低于1000℃、甚至低于800℃或甚至低于500℃的加热温度下分解为相应的简单氧化物的材料。
该混合获得糊浆形式的均匀产物。通过适当的模头挤出该产物的步骤使得能够获得蜂窝形式整料。该方法随后包括例如干燥该获得的整料的步骤。在干燥步骤过程中,获得的陶瓷整料生坯通常通过微波加热来干燥,或在一定温度下干燥足以令非化学键合水含量低至小于1重量%的时间。如果希望获得颗粒过滤器,该方法可进一步包括在该整料每一末端堵塞每隔一个的通道的步骤。
整料焙烧步骤在高于1300℃但不超过1800℃,优选不超过1750℃的温度下进行。例如,在该焙烧步骤过程中,在含有氧气或惰性气体的气氛中将整料结构加热至1400℃至1600℃的温度。
该方法可任选包括按照公知技术,例如专利申请EP 816 065中所述那些将该整料组装成组装过滤器结构的步骤。
根据一种应用实施例,本发明涉及由如上所述的结构并通过沉积、优选通过浸渍至少一种负载的或优选非负载的活性催化相所获得的过滤器或催化剂载体,所述活性催化相通常包含至少一种贵金属,如Pt和/或Rh和/或Pd以及任选的氧化物,如CeO2、ZrO2或CeO2-ZrO2。此类结构尤其适于用作柴油或汽油发动机排气管道中的催化剂载体,或用作柴油发动机排气管道中的颗粒过滤器。
在阅读下列非限制性实施例时将更好地理解本发明及其优点。在该实施例中,所有百分比按重量计。
实施例
在符合本发明的实施例中,由下列原材料制备试样:
—包含大于98%的Al2O3的AR75氧化铝,其由Alcan公司销售并具有大约85微米的中值粒径d50
—包含大于98%的TiO2的锐钛矿,其由Altichem销售,或包含大于95%的TiO2并具有大约120微米的中值粒径d50的金红石,其由Europe Minerals销售;
—具有大于99.5%的纯度和208微米的中值粒径d50的SiO2,其由Sifraco销售;
—包含大于98.5%的SrCO3的碳酸锶,其由Société des Produits Chimiques Harbonnières销售;
—包含约97%的CaO并且其大于80%的粒子具有小于80微米的直径的石灰;
—包含大于99.5%的K2CO3的碳酸钾,其由Albemarle销售,大于80%的粒子具有0.25至1毫米的直径;和
—具有大于98.5%的纯度和中值粒径d50=3.5微米的氧化锆,其由Saint-Gobain ZirPro以CC10为名销售。
通过熔融表1中给出的适当比例的上述粉末的混合物,获得本发明的实施例的试样。
更确切地说,反应物的起始混合物首先在电弧炉中在空气中熔融。熔融的混合物随后在CS模具中浇铸以获得快速冷却。研磨并筛分获得的产品以留下36微米粉末。该粉末用于制造直径为10毫米的压制试样,其随后在表1中所示温度下烧结四小时。
特别地:
—实施例1涉及本发明的典型材料,在1400℃的烧结温度下获得;
—实施例2与实施例1相同,但烧结温度提高至1450℃;
—在本发明的实施例3中,在烧结熔凝粒子步骤过程中另外地掺入17重量%的造孔剂,造孔剂通常用于制造颗粒过滤器类型的多孔体;
—本发明的实施例4类似于上述实施例2,但是向该材料中引入锆,实施例6中也同样如此;
—本发明的实施例5仅含有极少量的SrO或CaO类型的碱土金属氧化物;
—实施例7涉及本发明的另一种组合物;
—实施例8至10涉及由本发明的熔凝粒子获得的其它材料;和
—实施例11涉及通过烧结包含减少量SiO2的粒子形成的材料(在本发明的意义上)。
同样按照类似于上述的制备方法合成了非根据本发明的对比试样,但进行了下列改变:
—在对比例1中,材料并非通过烧结该熔凝粒子(即,由通过预先熔融上述原材料的混合物所获得的粒子)来合成的,而直接由反应性烧结下列原材料的粉末混合物:
—包含99.8%的Al2O3并具有大约5.2微米的中值粒径d50的Almatis CL4400FG氧化铝;
—包含99.5%的TiO2并具有大约0.3微米的直径的TRONOX T-R氧化钛;
—纯度为99.7%的SiO2  Elkem Microsilica Grade 971U;
—包含大于98.5%的SrCO3的碳酸锶,由Société des Produits Chimiques Harbonnières销售;
—包含约97%的CaO并且大于80%的粒子具有小于80微米的直径的石灰;和
—包含大于99.5%的K2CO3的碳酸钾,其由Albemarle销售,大于80%的粒子具有0.25至1毫米的直径。
在对比例2中,通过向起始反应物中引入极少量的二氧化硅来合成熔凝粒子,相对于本发明的主题。
在对比例7中,材料的组成与实施例7的组成相同,但是该材料如对比例1中那样通过反应性烧结上述原材料的粉末混合物来获得。
在对比例11中,该材料的组成与实施例11相同,但是该材料如对比例1中那样通过反应性烧结上述原材料的粉末混合物来获得。
随后分析制备的试样。在表1和2中归类了对根据本发明的实施例与对比例的样品上进行的分析的结果。
在表1和2中:
1)通过X射线荧光法测定化学组成,基于氧化物以重量%表示;
2)存在于耐火产品中的结晶相通过X射线衍射来表征。在表2中,AT表示钛酸铝(Al2TiO5)类型的相,PS表示硅酸盐相,通过微探针分析确定;
3)热膨胀系数(CTE)对应于通过对由具有相同粒度分布(tranche granulométrique)(其中值粒径d50为10至15微米)的粉末制备的锭的膨胀测定法由25℃至1000℃常规获得的值的平均值。通过压制并接着在表1中所示温度下在空气中烧结4小时来获得该锭;
4)通过对直径为10毫米,高度为12毫米,由具有相同粒度分布的粉末(其中值粒径d50小于50微米)制备的锭以1毫米/分钟的速率压缩,由此在室温下在装有10千牛顿传感器的LLOYD压机上测量MoR。通过压制并接着在表1中所示温度下在空气中烧结4小时来获得该锭;
5)通过常规阿基米德法测量密度。理论密度符合不存在任何孔隙时的材料的预期的最大密度(其通过氦比重法对研磨产品测得);和
6)对本发明的实施例3和对比例1评价了耐腐蚀性。
更确切地说,0.2克Na2CO3粉末均匀沉积在待测试产品的直径为35毫米的盘的表面上。由此覆盖的试样随后在1300℃下在空气中加热5小时。在冷却后,沿径向剖面将试样切开,并进行制备以用于通过扫描电子显微镜法观察。随后在MEB照片上肉眼测定由该盘的初始表面开始的试样的由腐蚀产生的深度E。
Figure 918041DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
对该表中给出的数据的分析清楚地显示由本发明的粒子获得的产品/材料的优越性:
—对于类似的热膨胀系数,观察到由本发明的熔凝粒子获得的材料或产品(实施例1或实施例7)具有相对于通过常规方法获得的材料(如对比例1或对比例7所例示的)明显改进的机械强度MoR和密度;
—对于类似的组成和相同的烧结温度,观察到由本发明的熔凝粒子获得的材料或产品(实施例2)具有接近于或甚至有时小于通过常规方法获得的材料(如对比例1所例示的)的热膨胀系数;
—对于类似的组成,通过比较分别对于本发明的实施例1与对比例1的材料,或对本发明的实施例7b与对比例7的材料所获得的值,观察道本发明的材料具有显著改进的机械强度MoR,而烧结温度低50℃。在相等的密度下也观察到此类改进(尤其是将本发明的实施例3与对比例1进行比较);
—比较本发明的实施例3的试样与对比例1的试样之间的腐蚀厚度E也说明本发明的材料具有更好的耐腐蚀性;和
—至于密度,通过比较表1中的数据,对于类似的组成和相同的烧结温度可以看出,本发明的材料所获得的密度高得多。此类改进特别在首先需要极高密度材料的应用,例如在其中产品与腐蚀性介质(例如熔渣或熔融金属类型)接触的应用中可证明是决定性的;较低的孔隙率使得能够改进耐渗透性。这在首先需要材料的极高机械强度的用途中,例如在铸造过滤器领域中也是有用的。
对比例2还表明,仅当材料中的硅比例(基于相应氧化物SiO2的重量百分比计)足够,尤其是大于3%时才可实现符合本发明的此类性能。如果并非该情况,则观察不到MoR强度的改善。
但本发明的实施例5表明,按照本发明仅含少量碱金属或碱土金属氧化物的材料也具有有利的性质,尤其是极高的MoR强度值。实施例5的材料特征还为略高的热膨胀系数,这可使其难以用于颗粒过滤器领域。此类性质在首先需要材料的极高机械强度的用途中,例如用于铸造过滤器领域中是极有用的。
实施例11表明,当由包含减少量的SiO2的粒子获得该材料时,MoR强度倾向于显著降低。
按照本发明的实施例7和11分别与对比例7和对比例11的比较表明,由本发明的熔凝粒子(实施例7和11)获得的材料或产品具有比通过反应性煅烧类型的常规方法获得的材料(对比例7和11)明显更高的MoR强度。
更通常地,按照本发明的各种变型,尤其根据预想的用途,有可能的是:
—在给定的烧结温度下,可以获得与材料的所需组成相关的更好的性质;
—或者可以调节该材料的高孔隙率水平(特别是通过在烧结熔凝粒子步骤过程中添加造孔剂)并同时保持良好的机械稳定性,尤其是该材料在颗粒过滤器领域中的应用。
按照实施例2和4获得的材料的各相的组成通过微探针分析法确定,下表2中给出了分析结果。基于这些结果,能够估算各个相的重量百分比。
表2
Figure 201080028616X100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
按照与上述相同的制备方法,通过烧结已经预先熔凝并随后细磨的粒子,在实施例12至16中制备了本发明的其它试样。在实施例12中,存在极小部分的锆。在实施例13至16中,至少一部分锆或甚至所有的锆被铈取代。在一开始,以市售二氧化铈CeO2的形式将铈引入到熔融混合物中。
表3
实施例 例12 例13 例14 例15 例16
Al2O3 50.6 49.3 49.0 45.7 46.6
TiO2 30.5 30.1 29.5 29.4 28.8
SiO2 11.3 10.7 10.4 10.5 9.7
SrO 6.05 5.20 5.10 5.50 4.90
CaO 0.76 0.77 0.76 0.65 0.64
La2O3 0.19 0.22 0.24 0.12 0.22
ZrO2 0.08     4.31 5.42
CeO2   3.34 4.68 3.36 3.27
4小时烧结温度(℃) 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400
密度 2.62 3.26 3.28 3.31 3.36
理论密度的百分比形式的密度 74.2 90.1 90.7 91.5 92.9
TEC (10-6/℃) 3.6 2.7 2.45 2.0 2.3
MoR 178   241 264  
表2显示了对于此类材料,按照本发明还可获得与低热膨胀系数结合的非常令人满意的MoR强度值。
在上述实施例和说明中,最特别对于其在颗粒过滤器领域中的用途所提供的优点对本发明进行了描述。
但是,显而易见的是,本发明还涉及本发明的粒子在其它应用中的用途,特别是在其中足够低的CTE和/或适宜密度是必需的所有那些用途。按照本发明,特别可以根据所设想的用途调节熔凝粒子的尺寸,特别是通过选择合适的研磨方法。

Claims (16)

1.具有基于氧化物以重量百分比计的下列化学组成的熔凝粒子:
—大于15%但小于55%的Al2O3
—大于20%但小于45%的TiO2
—大于3%但小于30%的SiO2
—总计小于20%的至少一种选自ZrO2、Ce2O3和HfO2的氧化物;和
—小于1%的MgO;
—总和量大于1%但小于15%的氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO。
2.按照权利要求1所述的熔凝粒子,包含大于25%的Al2O3,优选包含大于35%的Al2O3
3.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含小于54%的Al2O3,优选包含小于53%的Al2O3
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含大于22%的TiO2,优选包含大于25%的TiO2
5.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含小于43%的TiO2,优选包含小于38%的TiO2,并非常优选包含小于35%的TiO2
6.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含大于6%的SiO2,优选包含大于7%的SiO2,优选包含大于8%的SiO2和非常优选包含大于10%的SiO2,甚至包含大于12%的SiO2
7.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含小于25%的SiO2,优选包含小于20%的SiO2
8.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含小于0.5%的MgO,优选包含小于0.1%的MgO。
9.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含总计小于10%并优选小于8%的至少一种选自ZrO2、Ce2O3和HfO2的氧化物,所述氧化物优选为ZrO2
10.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,包含总量小于13%甚至小于12%的所述氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO。
11.按照权利要求10所述的熔凝粒子,其中所述氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO的总量大于2%,优选大于4%,甚至大于5%。
12.按照前述权利要求之一所述的熔凝粒子,还包含其它元素,基于氧化物,选自CoO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3、MnO2、La2O3、Y2O3和Ga2O3,所述氧化物的总量优选小于2%。
13.通过烧结前述权利要求任一项中所述粒子获得的陶瓷产品或材料,所述产品或材料主要包含或由钛酸铝类型的氧化物相和硅酸盐相构成。
14.按照权利要求13中所述的陶瓷产品或材料,具有基于氧化物以重量%计的下列化学组成:
—小于55%的Al2O3
—大于20%但小于45%的TiO2
—大于3%但小于30%的SiO2
—总计小于20%的至少一种选自ZrO2、Ce2O3和HfO2的氧化物;
—小于1%的MgO;和
—总量大于1%但小于15%的氧化物CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO。
15.按照权利要求14中所述的陶瓷产品或材料,具有基于氧化物以重量%计的下列化学组成:
—大于35%但小于53%的Al2O3
—大于25%但小于40%的TiO2
—大于5%但小于20%的SiO2
—小于1%的MgO;和
—总计大于2%但小于13%的至少一种选自CaO、Na2O、K2O、SrO、B2O3和BaO的氧化物。
16.用于作为汽车排气管道中的催化剂载体或颗粒过滤器的用途的蜂窝状结构,其由按照权利要求13至15之一的陶瓷材料制得,或通过烧结按照权利要求1至12之一的粒子来获得。
CN201080028616XA 2009-06-26 2010-06-25 包含Al、Ti、Si的氧化物的熔凝粒子及包含此类粒子的陶瓷产品 Pending CN102459128A (zh)

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