CN102452841A - 不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件 - Google Patents

不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件 Download PDF

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CN102452841A
CN102452841A CN2010105250433A CN201010525043A CN102452841A CN 102452841 A CN102452841 A CN 102452841A CN 2010105250433 A CN2010105250433 A CN 2010105250433A CN 201010525043 A CN201010525043 A CN 201010525043A CN 102452841 A CN102452841 A CN 102452841A
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silicon carbide
stainless steel
carbide ceramics
nickel
molybdenum
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张新倍
陈文荣
蒋焕梧
陈正士
胡文峰
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2010105250433A priority Critical patent/CN102452841A/zh
Priority to US13/170,886 priority patent/US8426032B2/en
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Abstract

本发明提供一种不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，该方法主要包括在碳化硅陶瓷件的表面先沉积一层镍金属层，然后在热压烧结炉中通过施加钼箔和镍箔作为连接介质层，实现碳化硅陶瓷件与不锈钢件的固相扩散连接。本发明还提供一种上述连接方法制得的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件，该不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件具有较大的连接强度。

Description

不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属与陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件，尤其涉及一种不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法及制得的连接件。
背景技术
不锈钢在常温下具有较好的耐腐蚀性能，被广泛应用于制造各种工程结构和机械零件。然而，当在高温、腐蚀性等较为恶劣的环境下使用时，不锈钢的耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、抗冲蚀性、耐高温性能等已经很难满足现代生产技术的进一步需求。而碳化硅陶瓷具有硬度高、高温抗腐蚀、耐磨损、抗冲蚀等优点，因此，不锈钢和碳化硅陶瓷连接在一起制备成复合结构，对于不锈钢在恶劣环境中应用具有非常重要的意义。
目前，实现不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接主要是在两者间添加中间金属层，在高温下实现两者的扩散连接。通常，是在陶瓷侧添加活性高的金属或者膨胀系数小、弹性模量大的金属。在陶瓷侧添加活性高的金属，如镍，虽然能实现不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的反应连接，但由于镍的热膨胀系数与陶瓷差异较大，因此存在较大的热应力，从而使结合力下降。在陶瓷侧添加热膨胀系数小、弹性模量大的金属，如钼，因这些金属的活性较低，与陶瓷的扩散反应较困难，因此连接难度较高。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种易于实现的、可获得较高连接强度的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法。
另外，还有必要提供一种由上述连接方法制得的连接件。
一种不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，包括以下步骤：
提供待连接的不锈钢件、碳化硅陶瓷件、钼箔及镍箔；
对该碳化硅陶瓷件、不锈钢件、钼箔及镍箔分别进行打磨和清洗；
在该碳化硅陶瓷件表面沉积镍金属层；
将碳化硅陶瓷件、钼箔、镍箔及不锈钢件放入连接模具中，使钼箔和镍箔夹放在碳化硅陶瓷件与不锈钢件之间，并且钼箔与碳化硅陶瓷件上的镍金属层相邻，镍箔与不锈钢件相邻；
将连接模具放入热压烧结炉中，在保护气氛下对工件进行固相扩散连接；
待冷却后取出不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件。
一种不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件，该不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件包括不锈钢件、碳化硅陶瓷件及连接该不锈钢件与该碳化硅陶瓷件的连接部，该连接部包括第一过渡层、钼层、第二过渡层、铜层及第三过渡层，该第一过渡层位于碳化硅陶瓷件与钼层之间，第一过渡层由镍钼金属间化合物和镍硅化合物组成，该第二过渡层位于钼层与该铜层之间，第二过渡层由钼铜固熔体及钼铜金属间化合物组成，该第三过渡层位于铜层与不锈钢件之间，第三过渡层由铜铁金属间化合物及铜铁固熔体组成。
相较于现有技术，上述不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法在碳化硅陶瓷件的表面先沉积一层镍金属层，然后在热压烧结炉中通过施加钼箔和镍箔作为中间介质层，实现碳化硅陶瓷件与不锈钢件的固相扩散连接。在碳化硅陶瓷件一侧施加膨胀系数较小的钼箔作为连接介质，降低了不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷间的热应力，有效防止裂纹产生，提高了连接强度；沉积在碳化硅陶瓷件表面的镍金属层活性较大，弥补了钼与碳化硅陶瓷反应慢、不易连接的缺陷。而施加在不锈钢件一侧的镍箔活性较好，与不锈钢的固熔性好，易于与不锈钢件连接。由该方法制得的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件具有较大的连接强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法原理图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件的剖面示意图。
主要元件符号说明
不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件  10
碳化硅陶瓷件                20
不锈钢件                    30
钼箔                        40
镍箔                        50
镍金属层                    60
连接模具                    70
上压头                      72
下压头                      74
中模                        76
连接部                      80
第一过渡层                  81
钼层                        82
第二过渡层                  83
镍层                        84
第三过渡层                  85
热压烧结炉                  100
具体实施方式
请参阅图1，本发明较佳实施例的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法主要通过固相扩散来完成，该方法主要包括如下步骤：
(1)提供待连接的碳化硅陶瓷件20和不锈钢件30，同时提供钼箔40和镍箔50作为连接介质。该钼箔40和镍箔50的厚度均大约为0.2～0.5mm，其较佳厚度为0.2～0.3mm。
(2)对碳化硅陶瓷件20、不锈钢件30、钼箔40和镍箔50分别进行打磨、清洗，并吹干。本实施例用金刚石砂纸打磨碳化硅陶瓷件20，用碳化硅砂纸对不锈钢件30、钼箔40和镍箔50进行打磨，使碳化硅陶瓷件20、不锈钢件30、钼箔40和镍箔50表面较为平整，再用盛装有乙醇的超声波进行振动清洗5～15分钟，以除去碳化硅陶瓷件20、不锈钢件30、钼箔40和镍箔50表面杂质及油污等，清洗后吹干备用。以下将碳化硅陶瓷件20、不锈钢件30、钼箔40和镍箔50统称为工件。
(3)在碳化硅陶瓷件20表面沉积一镍金属层60。该镍金属层60可通过真空镀膜方式，如溅射形成，也可以通过化学镀膜的方式形成，其厚度大约为2～6μm，3～4μm较佳。
(4)将工件按照碳化硅陶瓷件20-钼箔40-镍箔50-不锈钢件30的顺序放入一连接模具70中，使钼箔40和镍箔50夹放在碳化硅陶瓷件20与不锈钢件30之间，并且钼箔40与碳化硅陶瓷件20的镍金属层60相邻，镍箔50与不锈钢件30相邻。该连接模具70包括上压头72、下压头74及中模76。该中模76具有一模腔(图未示)，用于容置待连接工件。该上压头72和下压头74分别从两侧将放置于模腔中的工件压紧。该连接模具70可以为石墨材料制成。
(5)将连接模具70放入一热压烧结炉100中，在保护气氛下对工件进行固相扩散连接。连接模具70放入热压烧结炉100后对热压烧结炉100抽真空至2×10-3Pa～8×10-3Pa，然后充入氩气作为保护气氛，充入氩气后热压烧结炉100内压力可为0.2～0.5MPa。在保护气氛下将热压烧结炉100升温，并在如下工艺参数下对工件进行固相扩散连接：温度到达300℃前升温速率为20～40℃/min，超过300℃以后升温速率为60～120℃/min，连接温度为850～1100℃，连接温度保温时间为15～35min，轴向压力为10～100MPa。轴向压力的具体施加方法为：在温度到达300℃时，通过上压头72和下压头74开始对工件施加10MPa的轴向压力，之后慢慢增大轴向压力，直至温度为连接温度时轴向压力为最大值。
在上述温度及压力作用下，各工件接触界面之间充分地相互扩散；在连接温度的保温时间控制在15～35分钟范围内时，各接触界面间形成的扩散过渡层厚度对应的连接强度最大；保温时间过长时，不利于节约能源，而如果保温时间过短，则工件之间扩散不充分，难以形成明显的扩散过渡层，使工件之间难以形成良好的连接。
(6)待冷却后取出不锈钢件30与碳化硅陶瓷件20的连接件。
上述不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法在碳化硅陶瓷件20的表面沉积一镍金属层60，然后在热压烧结炉100中通过施加钼箔40和镍箔50作为中间介质层，实现碳化硅陶瓷件20与不锈钢件30的固相扩散连接。在碳化硅陶瓷件20一侧施加膨胀系数较小的钼箔40作为连接介质，降低了不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷间的热应力，有效防止裂纹产生，提高了连接强度；沉积在碳化硅陶瓷件20表面的镍金属层60活性较大，弥补了钼与碳化硅陶瓷反应慢、不易连接的缺陷。而施加在不锈钢件30一侧的镍箔50活性较好，与不锈钢的固熔性好，易于与不锈钢件30连接。
图2所示为由上述连接方法制得的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件10，包括该碳化硅陶瓷件20、该不锈钢件30及连接该不锈钢件30与该碳化硅陶瓷件20的连接部80。该连接部80包括一第一过渡层81、一钼层82、一第二过渡层83、一镍层84及一第三过渡层85。
该第一过渡层81位于碳化硅陶瓷件20与钼层82之间。第一过渡层81主要由镍钼金属间化合物和镍硅化合物组成。第一过渡层81由所述镀覆在碳化硅陶瓷件20上的镍金属层60与钼层82和碳化硅陶瓷件20中的硅元素反应而得，由于镍金属层60厚度较小，在连接过程中与钼层82和碳化硅陶瓷件20中的硅元素完全反应掉。
该第二过渡层83位于钼层82与该镍层84之间，其为钼层82与镍层84连接的过渡层。第二过渡层83主要由钼镍固熔体及钼镍金属间化合物组成。
该第三过渡层85位于镍层84与不锈钢件30之间，其为镍层84与不锈钢件30连接的过渡层。第三过渡层85主要由镍铁金属间化合物及镍铁固熔体组成。
所述钼层82和镍层84的厚度大约均为0.08～0.45mm，该连接部80的总厚度大约为0.21～1.1mm。
该不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件10的连接部80致密均匀，无裂缝，无孔隙。经测试，该不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件10的不锈钢/碳化硅陶瓷界面的剪切强度可达50～80MPa，抗拉强度达60～100MPa。

Claims (11)

1.一种不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，包括以下步骤：
提供待连接的不锈钢件、碳化硅陶瓷件、钼箔及镍箔；
对该碳化硅陶瓷件、不锈钢件、钼箔及镍箔分别进行打磨和清洗；
在该碳化硅陶瓷件表面沉积镍金属层；
将碳化硅陶瓷件、钼箔、镍箔及不锈钢件放入连接模具中，使钼箔和镍箔夹放在碳化硅陶瓷件与不锈钢件之间，并且钼箔与碳化硅陶瓷件上的镍金属层相邻，镍箔与不锈钢件相邻；
将连接模具放入热压烧结炉中，在保护气氛下对工件进行固相扩散连接；
待冷却后取出不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件。
2.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述固相扩散连接是在如下工艺参数下进行：温度到达300℃前升温速率为20～40℃/min，超过300℃以后升温速率为60～120℃/min，连接温度为850～1100℃，连接温度保温时间为15～35min，轴向压力为10～100MPa。
3.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该镍金属层通过真空镀膜方式或化学镀膜的方式形成。
4.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该镍金属层的厚度为2～6μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该钼箔和该镍箔的厚度均为0.2～0.5mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：该连接模具包括上压头和下压头，该上压头和下压头分别从两侧将放置于连接模具中的碳化硅陶瓷件、钼箔、镍箔及不锈钢件压紧并对该碳化硅陶瓷件、钼箔、镍箔及不锈钢件施加轴向压力。
7.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述保护气氛为氩气，保护气氛的压力为0.2～0.5MPa。
8.如权利要求1所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接方法，其特征在于：所述打磨和清洗步骤是指用金刚石砂纸打磨碳化硅陶瓷件，用碳化硅砂纸对不锈钢件、钼箔和镍箔进行打磨，再用盛装有乙醇的超声波进行振动清洗5～15分钟。
9.一种不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件包括不锈钢件、碳化硅陶瓷件及连接该不锈钢件与该碳化硅陶瓷件的连接部，该连接部包括第一过渡层、钼层、第二过渡层、镍层及第三过渡层，该第一过渡层位于碳化硅陶瓷件与钼层之间，第一过渡层由镍钼金属间化合物和镍硅化合物组成，该第二过渡层位于钼层与该镍层之间，第二过渡层由钼镍固熔体及钼镍金属间化合物组成，该第三过渡层位于镍层与不锈钢件之间，第三过渡由镍铁金属间化合物及镍铁固熔体组成。
10.如权利要求9所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：所述钼层和镍层的厚度分别为0.18～0.45mm，该连接部的总厚度为0.41～1.1mm。
11.如权利要求9所述的不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件，其特征在于：该不锈钢与碳化硅陶瓷的连接件的不锈钢/碳化硅陶瓷界面的剪切强度为50～80MPa，抗拉强度为60～100MPa。
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