CN102438828A - 包装产品的方法、包装和包装材料 - Google Patents
包装产品的方法、包装和包装材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包装产品(3)的方法,在该方法中一个或数个产品(3)被防护板(2a-d)覆盖或包封。在根据本发明的方法中,由自然弯曲的薄木(11)制成的板被用作防护板(2a-d),所述薄木在两侧上被膜状或纤维增强材料(12,13)包覆。本发明还涉及一种包装(1)以及一种根据本发明方法的包装材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分的方法和一种根据权利要求2前序部分的包装,以及一种根据权利要求12前序部分的包装材料。
背景技术
目前,胶合板在从胶合板工厂输送的胶合板包装中被用作防护板,以保护胶合板堆免受冲击和磨损。尤其是被输送至家具行业的、由装饰软木制成的胶合板必须在运输期间被好好保护,免受冲击型负荷,磨损和划痕。经验表明,由胶合板制成的防护板必须包含至少三层薄木,以获得足够的耐磨性,对抗在运输和装卸期间作用在包装上的负荷。胶合板通常被用在各种其他产品的包装中,这些产品在其运输和贮存期间需要良好的抗冲击型负荷性、抗磨损性和抗划痕性。由胶合板制成的防护板在包装中通常已被用作可以在其上标出产品和订单信息的表面。
由于其刚性,强度和相对良好的防潮性,胶合板非常适合用作需要抗磨损性、抗划痕性和抗冲击型负荷性的包装中的防护板。然而,有关它们使用的一个缺点是胶合板相对昂贵,因而常常因为材料太贵重而不能被用作包装材料。例如,当在胶合板工厂制造的胶合板被用作包装材料时,为这种目的使用的胶合板消耗工厂本身的生产能力。胶合板工厂也不能出售用作防护板的胶合板,其中为此目的在工厂中制造的胶合板的使用也削弱了胶合板生产的销售利润。由数个薄木层层压的胶合板还是相对重的材料,其中由此导致重量上的增加也增加了以此方法包装的产品的运费。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开一种包装需要被保护防止冲击型负荷、磨损和划痕的产品的新方法,一种包装和一种包装材料,现有技术包装方法中所涉及的上述缺点借助它们能够被消除。特别地,本发明的目的是公开一种包装需要良好的抗冲击型负荷性、抗磨损性和抗划痕性的产品的新方法,一种包装和一种包装材料,在与现有技术的包装相比时,通常用在这些包装中的薄木量借助该方法能够被减少。此外,本发明的目的是引入一种防护板,其适于用作包装材料,并更适于作为用于在包装上制作的各种标记,如产品和订单信息的表面。
根据本发明的该方法、包装和包装材料的发明理念是在需要良好的抗冲击型负荷性、抗磨损性和抗划痕性的包装中,代替之前使用的包含至少三层薄木层的胶合板而使用的防护板是由在两侧包覆膜状或纤维增强材料的一层自然弯曲的薄木所形成的包装材料制成的防护板。在此应用中,术语“薄木”是指实心的、拼接的(jointed)和/或斜接(scarf jointed)的薄木。这种薄木现在通常由旋削或旋切生产,但是该薄木也可通过在树干的半径方向将树切割成薄木而生产。在拼接薄木中,以此方法生产的薄木已经被胶合彼此邻接, 而在斜接薄木中它们已经被胶合成一个接一个。在本发明中,薄木也具有自然弯曲形状(通常至少在与纹理垂直的方向)。这意味着,在将增强材料附接在薄木表面上之前往往不需要弄直该薄木。可以说,薄木当其已被部分弄直时也具有自然弯曲形状,使得薄木的自然弯曲仍然保持在从其测量的平整度偏差是至少3毫米/米的程度上。在此申请中,术语“平整度偏差”是指,由弯曲形状导致的、置于平面上并靠在该平面(即薄木的下表面)上的一米长薄木元件的那个表面距这个平面的最大距离。还应注意的是:但是,由自然弯曲的薄木的弯曲形状导致的平整度偏差可显著高于所述最小值。通常在上述方式中限定的平整度偏差对于未弄直薄木是大约10-50毫米/米。
在本申请中,用作薄木覆层的增强材料是指当与薄木比较时相对薄的,通常由纤维,膜状或织物状材料制成的材料,但其必须在要被包覆的薄木的平面的至少一个方向上具有一点确定的拉伸强度。例如,不具有拉伸强度的不同种类的涂料和这样的覆层因此不是本发明所指的增强材料。
更准确地说,根据本发明的方法的特征就是权利要求1特征部分所呈现的,根据本发明的包装的特征就是权利要求2特征部分所呈现的,且根据本发明的包装材料的特征就是权利要求12特征部分所呈现的。
根据本发明的方法、包装和包装材料相对于现有技术的方法和包装给出了显著的优势。由于根据本发明的方法、包装和包装材料,需要良好的抗冲击型负荷性、抗磨损性和抗划痕性的包装的防护板,并且其中目前已使用胶合板,所需薄木量被减少至少约60%,因为在现有技术由胶合板制成的防护板中,有至少三层薄木,而在根据本发明的包装和包装材料中,薄木层的数量能够被减少至一个。因此所获成本上的节省是显著的,如比较计算所示,以现有已知方法生产的防护胶合板的每平方价格是2.1€/平方米,高于由根据本发明的包装材料制成的、并用在本发明包装中的防护板的每平方价格。由于根据本发明的方法、包装和包装材料,包装的重量也被减少,且在用于要标到包装上的标记的包装的表面上获得了非常适于用于标记目的(例如借助喷墨打印机打印的颜料)的各种颜料的现成基础。由于用作包装材料的基本材料的自然弯曲的薄木,包装抑制了可能指向其上的冲击,因为弯曲防护板能定位在包装上,使得自由空间保留在包装内的产品与防护板之间,当冲击指向在防护板的该部分时,所述自由空间允许防护板弯曲。此外,本发明的方法、包装和包装材料的优势在于,当染色的膜状或纤维材料被用于包覆薄木时,比以前更容易且更便宜地获得包装所需的颜色,因此包装的外观变得更加均一。此外,借助包覆有膜状或纤维增强材料的薄木,比以前更容易地修改包装的品质特性,例如它们对冲击、磨损和水分的抵抗,以满足运输方式和运输条件设定的需求。因此,比以前更容易地定性设定包装尺寸以满足任何给定的需要。
附图说明
以下,本发明将借助一个示例实施方式并参考附图被更详细地描述,其中
图1显示了根据本发明方法制造的包装的斜顶视图,以及
图2显示了一个原理图,其绘出了用于根据图1的包装中的包装材料的结构。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的包装1,其具有良好的抗冲击型负荷性、抗磨损性和抗划痕性。包装1包含由机加工的云杉薄木制成的胶合板3。包装的目的是为了保护这些云杉胶合板3对抗由贮存和出厂运输期间正常装卸引起的冲击型负荷和划痕负荷。根据图1的包装是胶合板的所谓正常包装,其在端部没有防护板。
根据图1的包装包括上表面的防护板2a,下表面的防护板2b,以及平行于胶合板3较长侧的侧表面的防护板2c和2d。包装1还包括打包带6,在下表面的防护板2b之下附接的支持木4,在上表面之上的中梁5,以及围绕支持木4,中梁5和防护板束紧的打包带7,借助该打包带,支持木4已被束紧抵住下表面防护板2b的底表面,且中梁5抵住上表面防护板2a的顶表面。包装1还包括平行于胶合板3较长侧的打包带8,其目的是保持胶合板固定在其较长侧的方向。此外,在打包带6与纵向上的包装边缘之间有边缘保护垫9,并在打包带8与宽度方向上的包装边缘之间有边缘保护垫10。边缘保护9和10的目的是将由打包带引起的拉力均匀地分散在包装边缘上,使得由于打包带6和8通过边缘延伸引起的指向包装边缘的负荷不会破坏包含在该包装中的防护板2a-d或胶合板3。
图2说明了用在包装上表面、下表面和侧表面中的防护板2a-d的结构。如上所述,在相应已知的包装中,防护板已由通常包含层压在彼此之上的至少三层薄木的胶合板制成。用作防护板的图2的包装材料,包括一层薄木11,其在这种情况下是3.6毫米厚的云杉薄木。在这种情况下,牛皮纸片12和13作为增强材料已被胶合在薄木的上下表面上,所述牛皮纸片具有与薄木上下表面相同的尺寸。在这种情况下,牛皮纸片12和13已经由双组份分散型粘合剂胶合。在工厂条件下,牛皮纸片的切割和胶合可被轻易自动化,使得由从卷绕松开的牛皮纸形成的牛皮纸覆层无需手工就可被附接在薄木表面上。此外,不必要甚至不推荐(以上述方式)在胶合前将薄木弄直成为完全平直的形式,但是牛皮纸覆层被胶合在已保留由于机加工造成的弯曲形状(并可能稍微平直或弯曲)的薄木的上下表面之上,以便自然弯曲的薄木加强这种形状。
作为包装材料框架的薄木11由尺寸上等于要被包装的胶合板3的薄木制成(换句话说,例如用作这些胶合板原料的薄木),或者该薄木是从较大薄木切割成合适的尺寸,例如借助圆锯,带锯或其他合适的切割方法。在工业生产中,例如借助集成至防护板生产线的合适的数控切割设备,切割最有利地发生。在这种情况下,薄木的尺寸以这样的方式被限定:形成包装上下表面的薄木具有与要被包装的胶合板相同的尺寸,且位于侧表面的薄木高于胶合板的包装堆,是成品防护板厚度的大约两倍。
在图1所示的示例实施方式中,支持木4是75毫米×75毫米的松木条,且中梁6是9毫米×100毫米的薄木片(例如从所谓二类薄木切割)。以这样已知的方法,打包带6,7和8例如由塑料打包带条形成,该带条被束紧、固定并结束在组装包装的位置上。边缘保护垫9和10是以直角形式的盘片,该盘片由例如PVC塑料、厚纸板或其他类似的相当柔软且富有弹性的材料制成。它们在打包带6和8被束紧的阶段位于包装的边缘。
根据图1的包装1主要以这样的已知方式被组装:首先,如图1所示,3个支持木4位于地面上彼此相邻,使得在支持木4之下延伸的打包带7被布置为在这些支持木4之下以打开状态延伸。其后,形成包装下表面的防护板2b位于支持木4之上。然后,平行于包装较长侧的打包带8(打开)位于防护板2b之上(即在包装中防护板2b的内表面之上)。此后,该包装意图数量的胶合板4堆叠在彼此之上。在堆叠后,平行于胶合板较长侧的打包带8绕板堆被束紧,使得边缘保护垫10在最终束紧前位于它们与板堆在宽度方向上的边缘之间。在下一阶段中,形成包装上表面的防护板2a位于胶合板4之上,侧表面的防护板2c和2d定位抵住包装的侧表面。在此阶段中,这些防护板借助打包带6相互抵住并抵住保留在包装内的胶合板3而被捆绑。在打包带6束紧的同时,边缘保护垫9位于它们与平行于包装较长侧的边缘之间。此后,中梁5位于在支持木4的位置形成上表面的防护板2a之上,其后打包带7以这种方式被固定:支持木4抵住形成包装底表面的防护板2b被束紧,且中梁5抵住形成包装上表面的防护板2a被束紧。在该包装中,没有边缘保护垫位于围绕支持木4和中梁5延伸的打包带7与该包装之间,但支持木和中梁的尺寸被设计为使得它们稍长于包装的较短侧,其中打包带7不直接负荷包装的防护板2a-d。手工或以为此目的设计的自动包装线生产根据图1的包装是可能的。
必要的产品和订单标记自然也被制作在包装中。这些能够预先制成在牛皮纸上,牛皮纸附着在薄木外表面上,附着在组装该包装之前的成品防护板上,或者附着在已完成的包装上。在任何情况下,在两侧用牛皮纸增强并用作防护板的薄木,提供了制作这些标记的良好基础,例如通过喷墨打印机,或其他类似的机械标记设备。结合上述或其后的生产阶段,也很容易在具有牛皮纸表面的包装上手工制作标记。
根据本发明的方法以及由此生产的包装可采取在许多方面不同于上述示例实施方式的方法实现。首先,包装可为许多不同产品的包装,其结构可用许多不同的方法变化。包装的外观可为长方形或弧形,例如圆柱形,因为根据本发明的包装材料具有自然弯曲形状,并可在垂直于薄木纹理的方向上被轻易弯曲成比其自然弧度更加弯曲或稍微平直的形状(但是,它不能被弄直成完全平直的形状,因为随后会丧失包装保护性中的小弧度优势)。也可能使用例如由木条或薄木条作为各种盘状产品(例如类似于示例实施方式产品的胶合板)包装底层的托架,在该托架中,支持木借助钉子或其他适当装置已被预先附接。不同于上述示例实施方式,该包装还可包括在包装端部的防护板,其中在胶合板产品的情况下,该包装是所谓的全防护胶合板产品包装。这些防护板最有利的也是由根据本发明以上述方式生产的包装材料制成。当然,例如属于包装的打包带的束紧装置的数目和材料,以及支持木、中梁、边缘保护垫的数目和材料可有所不同。包装中被包装的产品也可以不同方式位于该包装中,彼此相邻,一个接一个或在彼此之上。
但是,在本发明看来,包装的根本部分是用作包装中防护板的包装材料的结构。用作包装材料的薄木可由任何类型的木材制成。当然,如果必要的话,在使用中薄木的厚度可有所不同。为了获得足够的刚度,薄木应有利地至少约1毫米厚。通过增加或减少薄木厚度,有可能调整包装的防护性,及另一方面其中所需的木材量。可能使用各种合成织物或膜,例如由PE,PP或PET塑料制成的无纺织物或膜作为薄木表面上的增强材料来代替牛皮纸。各种粘合剂可用于胶合增强材料。合适的粘合剂包括例如不同种类的聚合物基粘合剂,以及UF,RF和PF树脂粘合剂。增强材料覆层也可通过层压或喷射/铸塑硬化液体被形成在薄木表面上,例如在薄木表面上的硬化热塑料。还应注意到在薄木层不同侧上的膜状或纤维材料并不必是相同的材料。在根据本发明的包装的实施方式中,用作防护板的包装材料可例如以这种方式实施,即它包含在外表面上的牛皮纸,以及在内表面上的上述纤维或膜状材料之一。
本发明不限于上述示例实施方式,但它可在所附权利要求呈现的发明构思的范围内变化。
Claims (12)
1.一种包装产品(3)的方法,在所述方法中一个或数个产品(3)被防护板(2a-d)覆盖或包封,其特征在于:由自然弯曲的薄木(11)制成的板被用作防护板(2a-d),所述薄木在两侧上包覆有膜状或纤维增强材料(12,13)。
2.一种包装(1),在该包装(1)中一个或数个产品(3)被防护板(2a-d)覆盖或包封,其特征在于:由自然弯曲的薄木(11)制成的板被用作防护板(2a-d),所述薄木在两侧上包覆有膜状或纤维增强材料(12,13)。
3.如权利要求2或3所述的包装,其特征在于:所述防护板是具有在其两侧上胶合或层压纤维或膜状增强材料(12,13)的薄木(11)。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的包装,其特征在于:所述纤维增强材料(12,13)是纸。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的包装,其特征在于:所述纤维增强材料是PE,PP或PET塑料。
6.如权利要求2所述的包装,其特征在于:所述增强材料是敷在所述薄木的表面上的硬化液体或块状物质。
7.如前述权利要求2至6中任一项所述的包装,其特征在于:所述薄木(11)的厚度是至少1.0毫米。
8.如权利要求2至7中任一项所述的包装,其特征在于:所述薄木(11)是云杉薄木,且所述增强材料(12,13)是牛皮纸。
9.如权利要求2至8中任一项所述的包装,其特征在于:要被包装的所述产品是至少在其上下表面上且至少在两个侧表面上覆盖有防护板(2a-d)的木制品(3)。
10.如权利要求2至9中任一项所述的包装,其特征在于:所述防护板(2a-d)借助打包带(6-8)固定到彼此,并被固定到所述木制品(3)。
11.如权利要求10所述的包装,其特征在于:在所述包装(1)的边缘,至少在所述打包带(6,8)的位置有边缘保护垫(9,10),且中梁(4、5)被固定在所述包装的至少一个表面上,以在贮存和运输期间便于包装的装卸。
12.一种包装材料,尤其用于保护在包装中的产品,在该包装(1)中一个或数个产品(3)被由所述包装材料制成的防护板(2a-d)覆盖或包封,其特征在于:所述包装材料是在两侧被膜状或纤维增强材料(12,13)包覆的自然弯曲的薄木(11)。
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FI20095474 | 2009-04-28 | ||
FI20095474A FI20095474A0 (fi) | 2009-04-28 | 2009-04-28 | Menetelmä tuotteiden pakkaamiseksi, pakkaus ja pakkausmateriaali |
PCT/FI2010/050344 WO2010125242A1 (en) | 2009-04-28 | 2010-04-28 | Method for packaging products, packaging, and packaging material |
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CN102438828A true CN102438828A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
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US (1) | US20120047853A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2424728A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2012525303A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102438828A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1014568A2 (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2011002666A1 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI20095474A0 (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2010125242A1 (zh) |
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US11981490B2 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2024-05-14 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Moving system for cores and tubes |
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RU5790U1 (ru) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-01-16 | Закрытое акционерное общество "АНКОРА" | Поддон для укладки на него грузов |
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2009
- 2009-04-28 FI FI20095474A patent/FI20095474A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
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2010
- 2010-04-28 CN CN201080018930XA patent/CN102438828A/zh active Pending
- 2010-04-28 WO PCT/FI2010/050344 patent/WO2010125242A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-28 JP JP2012507791A patent/JP2012525303A/ja active Pending
- 2010-04-28 EP EP10723159A patent/EP2424728A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-28 US US13/266,839 patent/US20120047853A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-28 BR BRPI1014568A patent/BRPI1014568A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-04-28 RU RU2011148095/05A patent/RU2532194C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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2011
- 2011-10-26 CL CL2011002666A patent/CL2011002666A1/es unknown
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US2065650A (en) * | 1933-12-16 | 1936-12-29 | Republic Steel Corp | Shipping unit |
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EP0234220B1 (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1992-04-01 | Meinan Machinery Works, Inc. | Method for improving the mechanical strength of veneer sheets having lathe checks |
CN1922371A (zh) * | 2005-04-13 | 2007-02-28 | Lg化学株式会社 | 耐脚轮的表面层压板 |
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FI20095474A0 (fi) | 2009-04-28 |
JP2012525303A (ja) | 2012-10-22 |
WO2010125242A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
CL2011002666A1 (es) | 2012-06-22 |
BRPI1014568A2 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
RU2532194C2 (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
EP2424728A1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
RU2011148095A (ru) | 2013-06-10 |
US20120047853A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
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