CN102431374A - Thick-blank lost-wax wiring method used for producing cloisonne - Google Patents
Thick-blank lost-wax wiring method used for producing cloisonne Download PDFInfo
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- CN102431374A CN102431374A CN2011102779401A CN201110277940A CN102431374A CN 102431374 A CN102431374 A CN 102431374A CN 2011102779401 A CN2011102779401 A CN 2011102779401A CN 201110277940 A CN201110277940 A CN 201110277940A CN 102431374 A CN102431374 A CN 102431374A
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Abstract
The invention provides a thick-blank lost-wax wiring method used for producing cloisonne. The method comprises steps that: A, an original sample of a blank is manufactured; B, a gel mold is manufactured by using the original sample; C, the gel mold is fetched; D, wax is injected into the gel mold, such that a wax mold is formed; E, a steel cylinder is sleeved on the wax mold; F, evacuated gypsum is filled in the steel cylinder; G, the gypsum filled in the steel cylinder is solidified and baked, such that a gypsum mold is formed; H, molten gold is poured into the gypsum mold, and is cast, such that a casting blank is formed; I, the gypsum mold in the casting blank is broken; and J, the casting blank is manufactured into a cloisonne work. The invention is advantaged in that: through the step A to the step J, cloisonne shapes can be diversified, the products can be more vigorous, the aesthetic qualities of the products can be improved, and the wired patterns are more delicate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of cloisonne enamel, relate in particular to the method that the thick tire dewax method of wiring inlay is produced cloisonne enamel.
Background technology
The just thin tire of the existing immediate technology cloisonne enamel that wires inlay, its when making be earlier with copper plate (0.3-1.0MM) with roll extrusion or collect together the moulding of making base of technology such as copper. and then on thin tire, wire inlay, fill enamel, enameling, polishing, gold-plated.Its fineness is not enough, and artistic surface sense is poor, and the technology of making base of cloisonne enamel is single, product-forming limits to, product is gently and not simple and honest, pattern is meticulous inadequately.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides the method that a kind of thick tire dewax method of wiring inlay is produced cloisonne enamel.
The invention provides the method that a kind of thick tire dewax method of wiring inlay is produced cloisonne enamel, comprise the steps:
A. make embryo's master;
B. use said embryo's mastered glued membrane;
C. open and get said rubber moulding;
D. casting forms wax-pattern in said glued membrane;
E. with said wax-pattern overcoat steel cylinder;
F. the gypsum after perfusion in the said steel cylinder being vacuumized;
G. with the gypsum that pours in the said steel cylinder through solidifying, cure the formation plaster mold;
H. the Jinsui River after will melting is poured into to cast in the said plaster mold and is formed the foundry goods embryo;
I. the gypsum among the said foundry goods embryo is broken;
J. said foundry goods embryo is made into cloisonne enamel.
As further improvement of the present invention, also comprise step:
K. jade is embedded on the said cloisonne enamel, it is that any one in edge, track edge, nail edge, the Tibetan edge inlayed, plated, blocks to pawl that said jade is embedded in the method that is adopted on the said cloisonne enamel.
As further improvement of the present invention, in said step B, through molding press and pressing mold frame compacting rubber moulding; Mould temperature is between 145 ℃ to 155 ℃; Rubber moulding thickness is that three layers, cure time are 20 to 25 minutes, the every increase one deck of rubber moulding thickness, and cure time increases by 5 to 10 minutes; Like said embryo's master is complicated tiny style, so mould temperature is reduced by 10 ℃, prolongs one times of cure time simultaneously.
As further improvement of the present invention, said step C comprises the steps:
C1. cut off overlap, take off mouth of a river piece, draw the shell that defocuses;
C2. the rubber moulding mouth of a river is upright up, cutter under the side at the mouth of a river, along four limit center lines cuttings of rubber moulding, the degree of depth is 3 ~ 5mm, cuts rubber moulding four limits;
C3. from for the first time following first pin of cutter cutting; At first sever two straight flanges; The degree of depth is 3 ~ 5mm, firmly draws back the straight flange that has cut again, cuts a hypotenuse along 45 °; Form the pin of a right-angle triangle, at this moment the rubber moulding two halves of otch should have corresponding yin, yang triangle pin to coincide each other;
C4. the method according to step C3 cuts out its excess-three pin successively;
C5. draw back the pin that cuts for the first time, with blade planar quietly along center line to incised, be pulled outwardly the mould that comes unglued while cut; Choose the mould that comes unglued gently with point of a knife when arriving water inlet line soon; Expose the mouth of a river, an end face along embryo's master outer ring cuts again, until the Xiang Kouchu of embryo's master;
C6. the cutting of fresh idea;
C7. take off embryo's master, note having or not the collodion silk adhesion between observation embryo's master and the rubber moulding,, cut off if having;
C8. open at the end: along the deep whole circumference of embryo's master inner ring, make otch, do not cut near the bottom surface; The upset rubber moulding catches the rubber moulding both sides to the cut-out direction bending with finger, the vestige that can observe the circumferential notch of inner ring and inlay the otch of mouth, fresh idea part; Be cut to the position at the corresponding mouth of a river along these vestiges, parallel direction cutting 8 ~ 12mm width rectangular along the mouth of a river again, length is near the mouth of a river; The shape of a similar mushroom is formed on bottom at this moment.
As further improvement of the present invention, said step D comprises the steps: that D1. injects said rubber moulding with wax injector with the wax of molten condition, and the temperature of wax remains between 70 ~ 75 ℃ in the wax injector, then the wax-pattern in the rubber moulding is taken out;
D2. repair said wax-pattern;
D3. said wax-pattern kind is become wax tree.
As further improvement of the present invention, said step F comprises the steps:
F1. mix calcium plaster: land plaster and the water of getting corresponding weight by the concrete volume of steel cylinder ready; The part by weight of land plaster and water is 2 ~ 2.5:1, and water temperature is put into stirred vessel with water earlier between 20 ~ 25 ℃; Agitator; Progressively put into land plaster, stir and can carry out vacuumizing the first time in 8 to 12 minutes, the pumpdown time is 1 to 2 minute for the first time;
F2. irritate gypsum: the calcium plaster after vacuumizing slowly injects along the inwall of said steel cylinder, does not have the about 1cm of said wax tree until calcium plaster, carries out immediately vacuumizing the second time, and the pumpdown time is 2 minutes for the second time, places naturally then and makes gypsum sets in 6 ~ 12 hours.
As further improvement of the present invention; In said step G; At first resistance furnace is preheating to initial temperature, resistance furnace is put at the plaster mold mouth of a river downwards, at initial warm area constant temperature after 1 hour; Again with 1 ~ 2 hour the interval gentle constant temperature of lifting/lowering progressively, heat up or cooling rate remains on 100 ~ 200 ℃/hour.
As further improvement of the present invention, said step J comprises the steps:
J1. wire inlay: the copper wire decorative pattern of the pattern of various finenesses is pinched, broken off with the fingers and thumb into to the thin copper wire that will flatten; Dipping in the bletilla striata again sticks on the copper wire decorative pattern; Sieve is gone up silver soldering medicinal powder then, and the high-temperature roasting through 900 degree is welded on the copper wire decorative pattern on the foundry goods embryo firmly;
J2. fill enamel: through the foundry goods embryo after above-mentioned the wiring inlay; Again through freeze, pickling, flat live, behind the positive wire process; The entering operation of filling enamel, filling enamel is the enamel glaze getting ready in advance, the color that according pattern indicated; Use the little shovel nose tool of being processed by the copper wire hammer, a shovel shovel ground is packed into enamel glaze in the framework of the copper wire decorative pattern that welds;
J3. enameling: after whole foundry goods embryo filled up enamel glaze; Taking furnace temperature again and be in 780 ℃ to 820 ℃ the blast furnace baking burns; Fire cooling back enamel glaze and be lower than the copper wire height, and then fill out enamel glaze one time, again through sintering; Through continuous five sintering, in grain pattern, fill out equal with the copper wire decorative pattern of the technology of wiring inlay;
J4. polishing: divide with grit, Huangshi, charcoal three times rough blue glaze to be polished, all uneven parts all need polishing repeatedly after the reclaim scorification, will not have copper cash, bottom line, the mouth line strickling brighten of blue glaze at last with charcoal, scraper;
J5. gold-plated: will polish, the cloisonne enamel of brighten is through pickling, decontamination, Sha Lianghou, and carry out the 24K gold and electroplate, again through wash wash down dried after, cloisonne enamel completes.
As further improvement of the present invention, said step K comprises the steps:
K1. jade is processed;
K2. the jade after will processing inlays on said cloisonne enamel;
Said step K 1 comprises the steps:
K11. paste net: earlier with the jade layer overlay safety net that cuts, in order to firm jade;
K12. open material: press product required size size, cut according to the lines of jade and form the jade semi-finished product;
K13. go up the stone mill platform: the jade semi-finished product that cut are placed on the mill platform, it is polished, be used to keep planar horizontal;
K14. beat the limit: get corresponding limit according to the style of customer requirement finished product;
K15. repair: the natural flaw place of sheltering that on jade, needs to repair gives suitable repairing, polishes afterwards again.
K16. oil-feed room: with after the jade oven dry, confirming does not have moisture content basically in the pore earlier, pours the special-purpose gloss varnish of stone furniture into,, and place the thermostatical oil room more than 48 hours;
K17. the mill of fetching water: begin in layer to get to fine sandpaper from coarse sandpaper;
K18. polishing.
As further improvement of the present invention, in said step K 2, said pawl edge: the metal claw or the metal column that on the foundry goods embryo, cast out with cloisonne enamel tightly fasten jade, and the pawl edge is divided into six pawls edge, four paws edge, three-jaw edge, and the size of pawl is consistent, at interval evenly; Said plating: being enclosed in below the waist of jade within metal holder or the metal frame, prevent that with the robustness of collecting together copper of cloisonne enamel jade from coming off with the red copper metal edges; Card edge: utilize cloisonne enamel to collect together copper tension force partly fixedly bottom or the bottom and top part of jade; Track edge:, stick into jade among the groove then earlier at the cloisonne enamel red copper part carriage groove of getting on the bus out; Nail edge: the edge of edge mouthful on cloisonne enamel red copper part, shovel out several tingles with instrument, in order to fixing jade; Hide edge: be embedded in the part that the cloisonne enamel red copper is thicker or area is bigger to jade, the top of jade can not exposed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:, make that the various shapesization of cloisonne enamel, simpler and more honest, the artistic texture of product are strong, the pattern that wires inlay is meticulousr through the method for steps A to J.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of getting rubber moulding of opening of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the method flow diagram that casting forms wax-pattern in the glued membrane of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the method flow diagram of the gypsum after perfusion vacuumizes in the steel cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the method flow diagram that foundry goods embryo of the present invention is made into cloisonne enamel.
Fig. 6 of the present inventionly carries out the method for processing flow chart to jade.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the invention discloses the method that a kind of thick tire dewax method of wiring inlay is produced cloisonne enamel, comprise the steps: in step S1, make embryo's master; The making of this embryo's master through means such as carving, car, saw, file, weldering, engraving tool with gypsum or resin produce that corner angle are clearly demarcated, embryo's master of svelteness, any surface finish; Embryo's master requires surface, hollow out position and the back side of mould kind bright and clean seamless; Require each several part position dimension rational in infrastructure, that inlay jade accurate; Sometimes also require mosaic site is carried out preprocessing, weld with the good embryo of casting again after for example the parts of pawl edge jade are made earlier and form embryo's master.
In step S2, with said embryo's mastered glued membrane; Through molding press and pressing mold frame compacting rubber moulding, mould temperature is between 145 ℃ to 155 ℃, and rubber moulding thickness is that three layers, cure time are 20 to 25 minutes, the every increase one deck of rubber moulding thickness, and cure time increases by 5 to 10 minutes; Like said embryo's master is complicated tiny style, so mould temperature is reduced by 10 ℃, prolongs one times of cure time simultaneously; The glue of making the rubber moulding use is that two sides band is stained with glue, and the preservation of embryo's master must be noted that its storage temperature of control, generally can preserve 1 year below 20 ℃, can reach 2 ~ 3 years 0 ~ 5 ℃ of holding time; The equipment of compacting rubber moulding is molding press, and its critical piece is made up of the heating plate of two blocks of interior strip resistance silks and temperature sensing device, incubator, timer etc.Also be furnished with elevating screw above the molding press, be used for the rubber moulding that pressing mold and taking-up suppress.Matching used among this step S2 also have the pressing mold frame, can be divided into models such as veneer, two plate, four plates according to the quantity of its perforate, and the material of making the pressing mold frame is aluminium alloy normally.At first must guarantee the cleaning of pressing mold frame and embryo's master, should as much as possible the pressing mold frame be cleaned up before the pressing mold that the operator cleans both hands and workbench; If rubber moulding thickness is 10mm at 3 layers, 3 layer thicknesses, general cure time is 20 ~ 25 minutes; If 4 layers, 4 layer thicknesses are 13mm, then cure time can be 30 ~ 35 minutes ... And the like; The complexity of mould temperature and embryo's master also has relation simultaneously: if embryo's master is complicated tiny style, then should reduce curing temperature, prolong cure time; For example as adopt to reduce by 10 ℃ of temperature, time expand one times method, if instead temperature is too high, can influence the effect of pressing mold on the contrary.In order to guarantee that rubber moulding can use in quite long period, should make rubber moulding have enough thickness, therefore a rubber moulding should use 3 layers of embryo's master compacting at least.Should make rubber moulding integral body be slightly larger than the pressing mold frame after embryo's master laminated, promptly length and width are bigger, make it possible to firmly be pressed into the pressing mold frame, rubber moulding thickness after being pressed into the pressing mold frame a little more than the about 2mm in framework plane.Pressing mold also must be noted that at first preheating; Put into and adorned the pressing mold frame that presses embryo's master, the handle of screwing makes heating plate compress the pressing mold frame, and initial vulcanization step can check whether heating plate compresses; After having arrived, takes out cure time rubber moulding rapidly; It is cooled off naturally, in the time of can certainly having a shower non-scald on hand with cold water, just can open with sharp scalpel while hot and get the operation of said rubber moulding.
In step S3, open and get said rubber moulding.
As shown in Figure 2, step S3 also comprises the steps: in step S31, when rubber moulding is cooled to non-scald on hand, to cut off overlap with scissors, takes off mouth of a river piece with nipper plier, draws the shell that defocuses.In step S32, the rubber moulding mouth of a river is upright up, cutter under the side at the mouth of a river, along four limit center lines cuttings of rubber moulding, the degree of depth is 3 ~ 5mm, cuts rubber moulding four limits, wherein the degree of depth can be according to the suitably adjustment of rubber moulding size.In step S33,, at first sever two straight flanges from for the first time following first pin of cutter cutting; The degree of depth is 3 ~ 5mm; Firmly draw back the straight flange that has cut again, cut a hypotenuse, form the pin of a right-angle triangle along 45 °; At this moment the rubber moulding two halves of otch should have corresponding yin, yang triangle pin to coincide each other, and wherein the degree of depth can be according to the suitably adjustment of rubber moulding size.In step S34, cut out its excess-three pin successively according to the method for step S33.In step S35, draw back the pin that cuts for the first time, with blade planar quietly along center line to incised; Be pulled outwardly the mould that comes unglued while cutting, choose the mould that comes unglued gently with point of a knife when arriving water inlet line soon, expose the mouth of a river; An end face along embryo's master outer ring cuts again, until the Xiang Kouchu of embryo's master.In step S36; The cutting of fresh idea: if main stone edge mouth is the pawl edge; The cutting fresh idea just should be cut along the axis of two pawls of fresh idea one side, and the embryo's cycle surface to the fresh idea opposite side cuts then, until cutting to position, the mouth of a river; At this moment rubber moulding has been cut into two halves, but can't masterplate be taken off; If cutting leaves the rubber moulding part of edge mouth, fresh idea: at main stone both sides and secondary stone Xiang Kou interval, two pawl axis that cut along the main stone edge mouthful outside cut, until two pawls in addition of symmetry; Cut along a direction of residue in the main stone edge mouthful outside again; Intersect with the face that cut just now, make main stone inlay mouth and be vertical, inlay the horizontal partial application of radix unguis portion of mouth and secondary stone edge mouth again at main stone; Make fresh idea become two parts, cut off the collodion silk that is elongated when drawing back the part of having cut.In step S37, take off embryo's master, note having or not the collodion silk adhesion between observation embryo's master and the rubber moulding, if having, cut off.In step S38, open the end: along the deep whole circumference of embryo's master inner ring, make otch, do not cut near the bottom surface; The upset rubber moulding catches the rubber moulding both sides to the cut-out direction bending with finger, the vestige that can observe the circumferential notch of inner ring and inlay the otch of mouth, fresh idea part; Be cut to the position at the corresponding mouth of a river along these vestiges, parallel direction cutting 8 ~ 12mm width rectangular along the mouth of a river again, length is near the mouth of a river; The shape of a similar mushroom is formed on bottom at this moment, can the inside part of masterplate have been pulled out from the bottom of cutting.Such rubber moulding could successfully take out wax-pattern.
In step S4, casting forms wax-pattern in said glued membrane.
As shown in Figure 3, comprise the steps: also in step S4 that in step S41 with wax injector the wax of molten condition is injected said rubber moulding, the temperature of wax remains between 70 ~ 75 ℃ in the wax injector, then the wax-pattern in the rubber moulding is taken out; The wax of making the wax-pattern use generally is the model paraffin of blue look, and its melt temperature is about 60 ℃, and the casting temperature is between 60 ℃ to 70 ℃; The classification of wax injector has wind pressure type and vacuum type dual mode usually, and the casting principle of these two kinds of wax injectors is similar basically, utilizes air pressure that the wax of molten condition is injected rubber moulding exactly; Both differences are that the vacuum type wax injector can vacuumize rubber moulding earlier, to the rubber moulding casting; And the wind pressure type wax injector can only be directly to the rubber moulding casting; Heater in the wax injector and temperature detector can make wax liquid reach and keep certain temperature; Usually the temperature of wax should remain between 70 ~ 75 ℃ in the wax injector, and such temperature can guarantee the flowability of wax liquid; If temperature is low excessively, wax liquid is difficult for filling with wax-pattern, causes the incompleteness of wax-pattern; Otherwise wax liquid temperature is too high, can cause wax liquid to overflow from the rubber moulding slit again or overflows from the casting mouth, forms overlap easily or scalds finger; The wax cylinder pressure of wax injector is provided by external air pump, generally should remain on 0.5 ~ 0.7at or kgf/cm2, promptly between 0.051 ~ 0.071Bar, also can carry out suitable adjustment according to the volume and the complexity of wax-pattern; Before the casting, at first should open rubber moulding, the integrity and the spatter property of inspection rubber moulding; If used rubber moulding, just should be in rubber moulding especially the position of the more tiny complicacy of shape spray dewaxing agent, also can sprinkle a small amount of talcum powder, be beneficial to take out wax-pattern; Secondly should the preheating wax injector, open air pump, adjust pressure and temperature; During casting, should with the hands through clamping plate rubber moulding be clamped, these clamping plate can be poly (methyl methacrylate) plate or plank, aluminium sheet etc., notice that the distribution of finger should make the rubber moulding pressurized even; The parallel propelling of casting mouth is aimed at the rubber moulding mouth of a river, push up firm casting mouth after both hands motionless, step on gently with pin and to close the casting switch and unclamp immediately; Both hands stopped after 1 ~ 2 second, and rubber moulding is placed a moment, can open rubber moulding; If rubber moulding has the end, should take out wax-pattern at first with pulling out at the bottom of the mould; Wax-pattern takes out the back scrutiny, if problems such as more serious scarce limit, disconnected pin, such wax-pattern just belongs to waste product; If some more tiny defectives then should be carried out the finishing of wax-pattern.
In step S42, repair said wax-pattern; Generally speaking, all can there be some problems in the wax-pattern that takes out after the casting more or less, like overlap, multiple limit, disconnected pawl, macroscopic sand holes, a part or whole part malformation, aperture is obstructed, the fresh idea lines are unintelligible, fresh idea scrap (bridge) or the like; Defectives such as, fresh idea scrap (bridge) unintelligible for overlap, multiple limit, fresh idea can be used the knife blade smoothing; Can carry out soldering with weldering wax device for sand holes, disconnected pawl; What aperture was obstructed can penetrate with capillary; Distortion for wax-pattern can be proofreaied and correct in 40 ~ 50 ℃ hot water.
In step S43, said wax-pattern kind is become wax tree; Planting wax tree is exactly with the wax-pattern of making in a certain order, along the circumferential direction is welded on to layering on the rod wax successively with weldering wax device, makes and finally obtains the wax tree that a shape exactly likes big tree, wax tree is irritated operations such as gypsum again; The basic demand of planting wax tree is, wax-pattern will be arranged in order, and key is can not contact between the wax-pattern; Can either keep certain clearance, can as often as possible wax-pattern be welded on the wax tree again, that is to say; To plant the wax-pattern of maximum quantity on wax tree as far as possible, satisfy the needs of producing in batches; Between the wax-pattern water channel of planting wax tree and the rod wax 45 ° angle is arranged, that is to say, the direction of wax-pattern is tilted to, and only in this way just can be convenient to the plaster mold that later step is injected in Jinsui River smoothly; This angle can carry out suitable adjustment according to the size and the complexity of wax-pattern, and little and complicated wax-pattern can reduce angle; Otherwise bigger wax-pattern can increase angle; Before planting wax tree, should at first weigh to the rubber chassis; Planting wax tree finishes, and once weighs again; The result who weighs for this twice is subtracted each other, can draw the weight of wax tree; The weight of wax tree is become the weight of metal by the paraffin and the density ratiometric conversion of cast metal, just can estimate general how many metals of needs and cast; Planting wax tree finishes, and must check whether wax-pattern all welds, if do not weld, when irritating gypsum, just causes wax-pattern to come off easily, and the carrying out of influence casting is last, should reexamine whether enough gaps are arranged between the wax-pattern, and wax-pattern separate if stick together; If have the wax of drippage to drip on the wax tree, should repair with blade.
In step S5, with said wax-pattern overcoat steel cylinder; Wax tree is connected the chassis put this steel cylinder of stainless steel cylinder steel bell just together, at steel bell coated outside single face gummed paper.
In step S6, with the gypsum that pours in the said steel cylinder after vacuumizing.
As shown in Figure 4, in step S6, comprise the steps: in step S61, to mix calcium plaster: land plaster and the water of getting corresponding weight by the concrete volume of steel cylinder ready; The part by weight of land plaster and water is 2 ~ 2.5:1, and calcium plaster proportion at this moment is about 2, can be according to wet, the changes in temperature done of weather; And the size of mold, complexity adjust, and water temperature is put into stirred vessel with water earlier between 20 ~ 25 ℃; Agitator; Progressively put into land plaster, stir and can carry out vacuumizing the first time in 8 to 12 minutes, the pumpdown time is 1 to 2 minute for the first time.In step S62; Irritate gypsum: the calcium plaster after vacuumizing slowly injects along the inwall of said steel cylinder; Must guard against that calcium plaster directly is poured on the wax tree, do not have the about 1cm of said wax tree, carry out immediately vacuumizing the second time until calcium plaster; Pumpdown time is 2 minutes for the second time, places naturally then and makes gypsum sets in 6 ~ 12 hours.
In step S7, with the gypsum that pours in the said steel cylinder through solidifying, cure the formation plaster mold.
In step S7; At first resistance furnace is preheating to initial temperature, resistance furnace is put at the plaster mold mouth of a river downwards, at initial warm area constant temperature after 1 hour; Again with 1 ~ 2 hour the interval gentle constant temperature of lifting/lowering progressively, heat up or cooling rate remains on 100 ~ 200 ℃/hour.Otherwise the crackle of the too fast easy formation plaster mold that heats up serious possibly cause plaster mold to damage or scraps, heated up cause easily again slowly lose wax or the plaster mold drying not thorough, influence the quality of foundry goods; The time of curing of plaster mold depends primarily on the size and the complexity of foundry goods, can adjust as the case may be.
The gypsum that pours in the said steel cylinder is solidified through cooling off naturally then, cure, curing is the important procedure that guarantees that casting is normally carried out.Like the copper tube is red copper, and the mold time of curing of red copper is 12 ~ 20 hours so, and the effect of curing mainly contains: dewaxing, dry and casting insulation; With curing of red copper is example, and dewaxing temperature is 0 ~ 350 ℃, temperature retention time 2 hours; Baking temperature is 350 ~ 700 ℃, temperature retention time 2 ~ 3 hours; The casting holding temperature is 600 ~ 500 ℃, temperature retention time 1 ~ 2 hour.
In step S8, pour the Jinsui River after the fusing into the formation foundry goods embryo that casts in the said plaster mold.In step S8, casting can also can be cast through the vacuum induction centrifugal casting machine through the suction pouring machine casting.
The suction pouring machine casting: plaster mold cures when drawing to an end, and begins to melt the red copper that has prepared and keeps molten condition.Plaster mold treats that insulation finishes, and inhaling the good asbestos washer of casting machine oral area pad, the steel bell is taken out from electric furnace rapidly, and suction pouring machine oral area to be cast is upwards put at the mouth of a river, gently steps on the suction cast panel when injecting copper water, can accomplish casting.After casting is accomplished, notice that opening air escape cock exits.
Vacuum induction centrifugal casting machine casting: at first open cover, in molten golden crucible, add the gold bullion that has prepared, cover cover, set pre-heating temperature, begin molten copper.Wait to reach near molten condition, put into and be incubated plaster mold completely, build cover, at first vacuumize, be heated to design temperature again, and configure centrifugal acceleration and stabilized (steady-state) speed; Machine gets into the spun casting state automatically after reaching design temperature, accomplishes in about 1 ~ 2 minute.After casting is accomplished, notice that opening air escape cock exits, casting is accomplished after cooling just can have been taken out the foundry goods embryo.
In step S9, the gypsum among the said foundry goods embryo is broken, and through flushing, pickling, cleaning, the processing of cropping base.
In step S10, said foundry goods embryo is made into cloisonne enamel.
As shown in Figure 5; In this step S10, also comprise the steps: in step S101; Wire inlay: the copper wire decorative pattern of the pattern of various finenesses is pinched, broken off with the fingers and thumb into to the thin copper wire that will flatten, and dips in the bletilla striata again and stick on the copper wire decorative pattern, and sieve is gone up silver soldering medicinal powder then; High-temperature roasting through 900 degree is welded on the copper wire decorative pattern on the foundry goods embryo firmly.In step S102; Fill enamel: through the foundry goods embryo after above-mentioned the wiring inlay, again through freezing, pickling, flatly living, behind the positive wire process, get into the operation of filling enamel; Filling enamel is the enamel glaze getting ready in advance; The color that according pattern indicated is used the little shovel nose tool of being processed by the copper wire hammer, and a shovel shovel ground is packed into enamel glaze in the framework of the copper wire decorative pattern that welds.In step S103; Enameling: after whole foundry goods embryo filled up enamel glaze, take furnace temperature again and be in 780 ℃ to 820 ℃ the blast furnace baking and burn, fire cooling back enamel glaze and be lower than the copper wire height; And then fill out enamel glaze one time; Through sintering,, in grain pattern, fill out equal again with the copper wire decorative pattern of the technology of wiring inlay through continuous five sintering.In step S104, polishing: divide with grit, Huangshi, charcoal three times rough blue glaze to be polished, all uneven parts all need polishing repeatedly after the reclaim scorification, will not have copper cash, bottom line, the mouth line strickling brighten of blue glaze at last with charcoal, scraper.In step S105, gold-plated: will polish, the cloisonne enamel of brighten is through pickling, decontamination, Sha Lianghou, and carry out the 24K gold and electroplate, again through wash wash down dried after, cloisonne enamel completes.
In step S11, jade is embedded on the said cloisonne enamel, it is that any one in edge, track edge, nail edge, the Tibetan edge inlayed, plated, blocks to pawl that said jade is embedded in the method that is adopted on the said cloisonne enamel.
In step S11, comprise the steps: in step W1, jade to be processed.In step W2, the jade after the processing is inlayed on said cloisonne enamel.
As shown in Figure 6, in step W1, comprise the steps: in step Y1, paste net: earlier with the jade layer overlay safety net that cuts, in order to firm jade.In step Y2, open material: press product required size size, cut according to the lines of jade and form the jade semi-finished product.In step Y3, last stone mill platform: the jade semi-finished product that cut are placed on the mill platform, it is polished, be used to keep planar horizontal.In step Y4, beat the limit: get corresponding limit according to the style of customer requirement finished product.In step Y5, repair: the natural flaw place of sheltering that on jade, needs to repair gives suitable repairing, polishes afterwards again.In step Y6, the oil-feed room: with after the jade oven dry, confirming does not have moisture content basically in the pore earlier, pours the special-purpose gloss varnish of stone furniture into,, and place the thermostatical oil room more than 48 hours; To guarantee the quality of the oil on the jade.In step Y7, the mill of fetching water: begin in layer to get to fine sandpaper from coarse sandpaper; With 80#, 120#, 240#, 320#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1500#, 2000# sand paper to guarantee the jade surfacing.In step Y8, polishing looks just as minute surface jade, and touching whole jade with hand does not have the feel of scraping.
In step W2, said pawl edge: the metal claw or the metal column that on the foundry goods embryo, cast out with cloisonne enamel tightly fasten jade, and the pawl edge is divided into six pawls edge, four paws edge, three-jaw edge; The size of pawl is consistent; Evenly, biggest advantage is exactly that metal seldom blocks jade, the clear Mai Tai that presents jade at interval; And favourable light makes jade seem more bright more greatly with different angles incident and reflection; Said plating: being enclosed in below the waist of jade within metal holder or the metal frame, prevent that with the robustness of collecting together copper of cloisonne enamel jade from coming off with the red copper metal edges; Card edge: utilize cloisonne enamel to collect together copper tension force partly fixedly bottom or the bottom and top part of jade; Track edge:, stick into jade among the groove then earlier at the cloisonne enamel red copper part carriage groove of getting on the bus out; Nail edge: the edge of edge mouthful on cloisonne enamel red copper part, shovel out several tingles with instrument, in order to fixing jade; Hide edge: be embedded in the part that the cloisonne enamel red copper is thicker or area is bigger to jade, the top of jade can not exposed.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to the further explain that the present invention did, and can not assert that practical implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the those of ordinary skill of technical field under the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method that the thick tire dewax method of wiring inlay is produced cloisonne enamel is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A. make embryo's master;
B. use said embryo's mastered glued membrane;
C. open and get said rubber moulding;
D. casting forms wax-pattern in said glued membrane;
E. with said wax-pattern overcoat steel cylinder;
F. the gypsum after perfusion in the said steel cylinder being vacuumized;
G. with the gypsum that pours in the said steel cylinder through solidifying, cure the formation plaster mold;
H. the Jinsui River after will melting is poured into to cast in the said plaster mold and is formed the foundry goods embryo;
I. the gypsum among the said foundry goods embryo is broken;
J. said foundry goods embryo is made into cloisonne enamel.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step:
K. jade is embedded on the said cloisonne enamel, it is that any one in edge, track edge, nail edge, the Tibetan edge inlayed, plated, blocks to pawl that said jade is embedded in the method that is adopted on the said cloisonne enamel.
3. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, in said step B, through molding press and pressing mold frame compacting rubber moulding; Mould temperature is between 145 ℃ to 155 ℃; Rubber moulding thickness is that three layers, cure time are 20 to 25 minutes, the every increase one deck of rubber moulding thickness, and cure time increases by 5 to 10 minutes; Like said embryo's master is complicated tiny style, so mould temperature is reduced by 10 ℃, prolongs one times of cure time simultaneously.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said step C comprises the steps:
C1. cut off overlap, take off mouth of a river piece, draw the shell that defocuses;
C2. the rubber moulding mouth of a river is upright up, cutter under the side at the mouth of a river, along four limit center lines cuttings of rubber moulding, the degree of depth is 3 ~ 5mm, cuts rubber moulding four limits;
C3. from for the first time following first pin of cutter cutting; At first sever two straight flanges; The degree of depth is 3 ~ 5mm, firmly draws back the straight flange that has cut again, cuts a hypotenuse along 45 °; Form the pin of a right-angle triangle, at this moment the rubber moulding two halves of otch should have corresponding yin, yang triangle pin to coincide each other;
C4. the method according to step C3 cuts out its excess-three pin successively;
C5. draw back the pin that cuts for the first time, with blade planar quietly along center line to incised, be pulled outwardly the mould that comes unglued while cut; Choose the mould that comes unglued gently with point of a knife when arriving water inlet line soon; Expose the mouth of a river, an end face along embryo's master outer ring cuts again, until the Xiang Kouchu of embryo's master;
C6. the cutting of fresh idea;
C7. take off embryo's master, note having or not the collodion silk adhesion between observation embryo's master and the rubber moulding,, cut off if having;
C8. open at the end: along the deep whole circumference of embryo's master inner ring, make otch, do not cut near the bottom surface; The upset rubber moulding catches the rubber moulding both sides to the cut-out direction bending with finger, the vestige that can observe the circumferential notch of inner ring and inlay the otch of mouth, fresh idea part; Be cut to the position at the corresponding mouth of a river along these vestiges, parallel direction cutting 8 ~ 12mm width rectangular along the mouth of a river again, length is near the mouth of a river; The shape of a similar mushroom is formed on bottom at this moment.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said step D comprises the steps: that D1. injects said rubber moulding with wax injector with the wax of molten condition, and the temperature of wax remains between 70 ~ 75 ℃ in the wax injector, then the wax-pattern in the rubber moulding is taken out;
D2. repair said wax-pattern;
D3. said wax-pattern kind is become wax tree.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said step F comprises the steps:
F1. mix calcium plaster: land plaster and the water of getting corresponding weight by the concrete volume of steel cylinder ready; The part by weight of land plaster and water is 2 ~ 2.5:1, and water temperature is put into stirred vessel with water earlier between 20 ~ 25 ℃; Agitator; Progressively put into land plaster, stir and can carry out vacuumizing the first time in 8 to 12 minutes, the pumpdown time is 1 to 2 minute for the first time;
F2. irritate gypsum: the calcium plaster after vacuumizing slowly injects along the inwall of said steel cylinder, does not have the about 1cm of said wax tree until calcium plaster, carries out immediately vacuumizing the second time, and the pumpdown time is 2 minutes for the second time, places naturally then and makes gypsum sets in 6 ~ 12 hours.
7. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, in said step G, at first resistance furnace is preheating to initial temperature; Resistance furnace is put at the plaster mold mouth of a river downwards; At initial warm area constant temperature after 1 hour,, heat up or cooling rate remains on 100 ~ 200 ℃/hour again with 1 ~ 2 hour the interval gentle constant temperature of lifting/lowering progressively.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said step J comprises the steps:
J1. wire inlay: the copper wire decorative pattern of the pattern of various finenesses is pinched, broken off with the fingers and thumb into to the thin copper wire that will flatten; Dipping in the bletilla striata again sticks on the copper wire decorative pattern; Sieve is gone up silver soldering medicinal powder then, and the high-temperature roasting through 900 degree is welded on the copper wire decorative pattern on the foundry goods embryo firmly;
J2. fill enamel: through the foundry goods embryo after above-mentioned the wiring inlay; Again through freeze, pickling, flat live, behind the positive wire process; The entering operation of filling enamel, filling enamel is the enamel glaze getting ready in advance, the color that according pattern indicated; Use the little shovel nose tool of being processed by the copper wire hammer, a shovel shovel ground is packed into enamel glaze in the framework of the copper wire decorative pattern that welds;
J3. enameling: after whole foundry goods embryo filled up enamel glaze; Taking furnace temperature again and be in 780 ℃ to 820 ℃ the blast furnace baking burns; Fire cooling back enamel glaze and be lower than the copper wire height, and then fill out enamel glaze one time, again through sintering; Through continuous five sintering, in grain pattern, fill out equal with the copper wire decorative pattern of the technology of wiring inlay;
J4. polishing: divide with grit, Huangshi, charcoal three times rough blue glaze to be polished, all uneven parts all need polishing repeatedly after the reclaim scorification, will not have copper cash, bottom line, the mouth line strickling brighten of blue glaze at last with charcoal, scraper;
J5. gold-plated: will polish, the cloisonne enamel of brighten is through pickling, decontamination, Sha Lianghou, and carry out the 24K gold and electroplate, again through wash wash down dried after, cloisonne enamel completes.
9. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that said step K comprises the steps:
K1. jade is processed;
K2. the jade after will processing inlays on said cloisonne enamel;
Said step K 1 comprises the steps:
K11. paste net: earlier with the jade layer overlay safety net that cuts, in order to firm jade;
K12. open material: press product required size size, cut according to the lines of jade and form the jade semi-finished product;
K13. go up the stone mill platform: the jade semi-finished product that cut are placed on the mill platform, it is polished, be used to keep planar horizontal;
K14. beat the limit: get corresponding limit according to the style of customer requirement finished product;
K15. repair: the natural flaw place of sheltering that on jade, needs to repair gives suitable repairing, polishes afterwards again;
K16. oil-feed room: with after the jade oven dry, confirming does not have moisture content basically in the pore earlier, pours the special-purpose gloss varnish of stone furniture into,, and place the thermostatical oil room more than 48 hours;
K17. the mill of fetching water: begin in layer to get to fine sandpaper from coarse sandpaper;
K18. polishing.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, in said step K 2; Said pawl edge: the metal claw or the metal column that on the foundry goods embryo, cast out with cloisonne enamel tightly fasten jade; The pawl edge is divided into six pawls edge, four paws edge, three-jaw edge, and the size of pawl is consistent, at interval evenly; Said plating: being enclosed in below the waist of jade within metal holder or the metal frame, prevent that with the robustness of collecting together copper of cloisonne enamel jade from coming off with the red copper metal edges; Card edge: utilize cloisonne enamel to collect together copper tension force partly fixedly bottom or the bottom and top part of jade; Track edge:, stick into jade among the groove then earlier at the cloisonne enamel red copper part carriage groove of getting on the bus out; Nail edge: the edge of edge mouthful on cloisonne enamel red copper part, shovel out several tingles with instrument, in order to fixing jade; Hide edge: be embedded in the part that the cloisonne enamel red copper is thicker or area is bigger to jade, the top of jade can not exposed.
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| CN2011102779401A CN102431374A (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2011-09-19 | Thick-blank lost-wax wiring method used for producing cloisonne |
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| CN2011102779401A CN102431374A (en) | 2011-09-19 | 2011-09-19 | Thick-blank lost-wax wiring method used for producing cloisonne |
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| CN106238676A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 安庆帝雅艺术品有限公司 | A kind of enamel processing technology |
| CN107414029A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-12-01 | 马洪斌 | A kind of method for casting iron picture picture |
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| CN106238676B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-01-16 | 安庆帝雅艺术品有限公司 | A kind of enamel manufacture craft |
| CN107414029A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-12-01 | 马洪斌 | A kind of method for casting iron picture picture |
| CN110860658A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-06 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | Preparation method of wax mold gypsum core of cylindrical thin-wall complex component |
| CN110860658B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-06-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | Preparation method of wax mold gypsum core of cylindrical thin-wall complex component |
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