CN102427964A - 混合电动车辆的电池充电系统 - Google Patents

混合电动车辆的电池充电系统 Download PDF

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CN102427964A
CN102427964A CN2010800186227A CN201080018622A CN102427964A CN 102427964 A CN102427964 A CN 102427964A CN 2010800186227 A CN2010800186227 A CN 2010800186227A CN 201080018622 A CN201080018622 A CN 201080018622A CN 102427964 A CN102427964 A CN 102427964A
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CN102427964B (zh
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克里斯蒂安·安德森
扬·格伦德贝里
汤米·耶勒
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Volvo Truck Corp
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Abstract

一种用于提高混合电动车辆中的高压电池的耐久性的电池充电系统和方法，包括：用于车辆推进的高压电池(103)；用于对所述高压电池进行充电的发电机(102)；用于将高电压转化为低电压的DC/DC转换器(104)；利用所述低电压进行充电的低压电池(106)；以及由引擎(101)驱动并且与所述电压转换器并行地与所述低压电池相连接的交流发电机(112)；并且其中所述方法的特征在于以下步骤：记录参数，其中所述参数为以下的至少一个：所述高压电池的充电状态，去往所述高压电池的能量流入/从所述高压电池到所述车辆驱动电机或所述发电机的能量流出；依赖于所记录的参数来控制所述低电压。

Description

混合电动车辆的电池充电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适合在混合电动车辆(HEV)中使用的电池充电系统。
本发明还涉及一种计算机程序、计算机程序产品和用于计算机的存储介质，所有这些都随计算机一起被用于执行所述方法。
背景技术
近年来，混合电动车辆已经被投入实际使用，并且包括利用引擎进行驱动以产生电力的发电机、高压电池(也被称作车辆驱动电池或牵引电池)、车辆驱动电机等。混合电动车辆大致被分为三种类型：(1)并行类型，在其中，驱动轮通过使用相结合的引擎驱动力和车辆驱动电机驱动力而进行旋转；(2)串行类型，在其中，驱动轮通过利用驱动引擎所生成的电力进行驱动的车辆驱动电机而进行旋转；以及(3)二者相结合的类型。
除了具有相对高电压(例如，600)的高压电池之外，HEV进一步配备有低压电池(电气设备电池)，其用于存储具有相对低电压(例如，24V)的DC电力。该低压电池被用来运行车辆所安装的电气设备，所述电气设备包括灯光设备(诸如车头灯、停车灯等)、空调设备(诸如空调压缩机、电容器等)、音频设备(诸如立体声设备等)、控制设备(诸如各种控制器、刹车真空阀等)，等等。
图1公开了传统串行类型的混合电动车辆的电气设备电源单元的已知电路的示例。如图所示，车辆驱动电机110被连接到驱动轮111以使得能够传输动力以进行推进。车辆驱动电机110进一步通过逆变器109连接到高压电池103。到驱动轮的动力由发动机控制器108进行控制。
发电机102连接到引擎101，以使得其能够通过被引擎101所驱动而产生电力，其操作被发电机控制器107所控制。发电机102进一步通过逆变器109连接到高压电池103，以使得所生成的电力被提供至高压电池103。
低压电池106通过DC/DC转换器(电压转换器)104连接到高压电池103，并且连接到车辆所安装的电气设备105。
因此，如果高压电池103的电力通过逆变器109被提供到车辆驱动电机110，则车辆驱动电机110被旋转，并且与车辆驱动电机110相连接的驱动轮111被旋转，由此车辆能够行进。如果存储在高压电池103中的电力减少，则引擎101被驱动并且发电机102被发电机控制107进行操作。发电机102所产生的电力被累积并存储在高压电池103中。
高压电池103中所存储的电力由DC/DC转换器104转换为低电压并存储在低压电池106中。车辆所安装的电气设备105通过来自低压电池106的电力供应进行操作。
在图1中，传统的辅助电源电路配备有交流发电机112，其通过被引擎101所驱动而产生电力。交流发电机112与DC/DC转换器104并行地与低压电池106相连接。利用这种配置，电力从(由交流发电机112和DC/DC转换器104所构成的)两个系统提供至低压电池106。这种技术例如在US2006/0232238和日本特许公开专利公开号Hei 10-174201中有所公开。
DC/DC转换器104和交流发电机112的输出电压基本上是恒定的，但是它们实际的充电电路部分的电压随设备负载大小或低压电池106的状态而发生变化。
作为从电源到低压电池106的充电路径，存在两条路径：(1)通过从发电机102对其提供电力的DC/DC转换器104对低压电池106进行充电的第一路径，和(2)通过利用引擎101进行驱动的交流发电机112进行充电的第二路径。
所述现有技术的问题在于，当在HEV中的高压电池之内和/或之外传送过多能量(动力)时，电池的耐久性会有所降低。高压电池的耐久性还会通过深度放电而降低。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要目标是使得以上问题的效应有所缓解，并且提供一种用于混合电动车辆的改进电池充电系统。这是通过介绍中所讨论的设备来实现的，其特征由权利要求1进行限定。该目标还通过介绍中所讨论的方法来实现，其特征由独立方法权利要求6进行限定。
独立权利要求描述了根据本发明的优选实施例以及电池充电系统的研发。
所述用于HEV的电池充电系统包括(包含，但并不必局限于)：高压电池，用于向车辆驱动电机提供电力；发电机，用于对所述高压电池进行充电；DC/DC转换器，用于将高电压转化为低电压；低压电池，其利用来自所述DC/DC转换器的所述低电压进行充电；和交流发电机，其由引擎进行驱动，与所述电压转换器并行地与所述低压电池相连接。本发明的特征在于控制单元被配置为记录参数，其中所述参数是以下的至少一个：
-所述高压电池的充电状态，
-去往所述高压电池的能量流入/从所述高压电池到所述车辆驱动电机或所述发电机的能量流出；
并且其中所述控制单元被配置为依赖于所记录的参数来控制所述低电压。
根据本发明的系统的优势在于能够在延长高压电池的耐久性的同时不降低车辆驱动性能。该解决方案是成本有效的且易于实施。
根据本发明的电池充电系统的一个实施例，所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为高时使其高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
根据本发明的电池充电系统的另一个实施例，所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流入被记录时，使其高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
根据本发明的电池充电系统的一个实施例，所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为低时，使其低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
根据本发明的电池充电系统的另一个实施例，所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流出被记录时，使其低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
本发明的其它有益实施例来自于专利权利要求1之后的从属权利要求。
附图说明
以下将参考附图对本发明进行更为详细的描述，出于举例的目的，所述附图示出了本发明进一步优选的实施例以及技术背景，其中，
图1图示性地示出了HEV的电气设备电源单元的已知电路的示例。
图2公开了本发明实施例的流程图。
图3示出了应用于计算机装置之上的本发明。
具体实施方式
根据本发明，控制单元(未示出)可以被配置在所述电池充电系统中或者与之相连接(例如结合图1所描述的)，其中所述控制单元被配置为记录参数，其中所述参数是以下的至少一个：
-所述高压电池的充电状态，
-去往所述高压电池的能量流入/从所述高压电池到所述车辆驱动电机或所述发电机的能量流出；
并且其中所述控制单元被配置为依赖于所记录的参数来控制所述低电压。
所述参数可以在车辆驱动期间连续记录。
在本发明进一步的实施例中，所述控制单元被可以被编程为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为高时，使其高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。以相应的方式，所述控制单元可以被编程为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流入被记录时，使其高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。所述控制单元还可以被编程为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为低时，使其低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。并且如果来自所述高压电池的能量流出被记录，则所述控制单元可以被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便使其低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
图2以流程图公开了本发明的过程。在第一步骤21，所述控制单元可以被编程为用于开始该序列。在步骤22，所述控制单元被编程为记录所述参数。在步骤23，所述参数所记录的数值(SOC和/或能量流入)与基准数值(分别为SOCRef1和/或ERef1)进行比较。如果所记录的数值在步骤23中大于所述基准数值(即SOC高和/或能量流入高于基准数值)，则在步骤24，DC/DC转换器的低电压UL被调节为高于来自所述交流发电机的电压UA的数值。在步骤24之后，该序列在步骤25结束。如果所记录的数值在步骤23中并不大于所述基准数值，则该序列将会结束而并不执行对所述低电压UL的调节。
以相应的方式，所述控制单元被编程为在步骤26，将所述参数所记录的数值(SOC和/或能量流出)与第二基准数值(分别为SOCRef2和/或ERef2)进行比较。如果所记录的SOC数值在步骤26中小于所述第二基准数值SOCRef2，则在步骤27，DC/DC转换器的低电压UL被调节为低于来自所述交流发电机的电压UA的数值。如果所记录的能量流出数值在所述步骤26中大于所述第二基准数值ERef2，则DC/DC转换器的低电压UL也可以在步骤27被调节为低于来自所述交流发电机的电压UA的数值。
在步骤27之后，该序列在步骤25结束。如果所记录的数值在步骤23中并不大于所述基准数值，则该序列将会在步骤25结束而并不执行对所述低电压的调节。以相应的方式，如果所记录的数值在步骤26并未引发对DC/DC转换器的所述低电压UL的调节，则该序列将在步骤25结束而并不执行对所述低电压的调节。
在图2所公开的实施例中，基准数值可以有所变化，其中SOCRef1＞SOCRef2且ERef1＞或＜ERef2，或者所述基准数值可以相同(即SOCRef1＝SOCRef2且ERef1＝ERef2)。这些基准数值的选择在不同的电池系统规范之间可以有所不同。
所述序列可以在驱动期间连续执行，以便调节来自DC/DC转换器的低电压UL的电平。
所提到的两个参数影响高压电池的耐久性，并且通过记录所述参数之一或其二者的普遍水平，可以相应调节低电压以便缓解对高压电池耐久性的负面影响。
所述发明的电池系统实施例还可以在并行混合车辆或包括相应的高压电池、发电机、DC/DC转换器、利用来自所述DC/DC转换器的低电压进行充电的低压电池，以及交流发电机的其它类型的HEV中实现，其中，所述交流发电机由引擎驱动，并且其与所述电压转换器并行地与所述低压电池进行连接。
图3示出了根据本发明一个实施例的装置500，其包括非易失性存储器520、处理器510以及读写存储器560。所述存储器520具有第一存储器部分530，其中存储用于控制装置500的计算机程序。存储器部分530中用于控制装置500的计算机程序可以是操作系统。
例如，装置500可以被封闭在诸如以上所描述的控制单元的控制单元中。数据处理单元510例如可以包括微计算机。
存储器520还具有第二存储器部分540，其中，存储用于控制根据本发明的目标档位选择功能的程序。在可替换实施例中，用户控制目标档位选择功能的程序存储在用于数据的单独的非易失性存储介质550中，例如CD或可交换半导体存储器中。所述程序可以以可执行形式或压缩形式进行存储。
当以下提到数据处理单元510运行特定功能时，应当清楚的是，数据处理单元510是在运行存储器540中所存储程序的特定部分或者非易失性存储介质550中所存储程序的特定部分。
数据处理单元510被配置为通过数据总线514与储存存储器550进行通信。数据处理单元510还被配置为通过数据总线512与存储器520进行通信。此外，数据处理单元510被配置为通过数据总线511与存储器560进行通信。数据处理单元510还被配置为通过使用数据总线515与数据端口590进行通信。
根据本发明的方法可以由数据处理单元510所执行，由数据处理单元510运行存储器540中所存储的程序或者非易失性存储介质550中所存储的程序来执行。
本发明不应当被认为是被限制于以上所描述的实施例，相反可能在以下专利权利要求的范围内进行多种其它变化和修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于混合电动车辆的电池充电系统，包括：高压电池(103)，用于向车辆驱动电机(110)提供电力；发电机(102)，用于对所述高压电池进行充电；DC/DC转换器(104)，用于将高电压转化为低电压；低压电池(106)，其利用来自所述DC/DC转换器的所述低电压进行充电；和交流发电机(112)，其由引擎(101)进行驱动，并且与所述电压转换器并行地与所述低压电池相连接；
其特征在于控制单元被配置为记录参数，其中，所述参数是以下的至少一个：
-所述高压电池的充电状态，
-去往所述高压电池的能量流入/从所述高压电池到所述车辆驱动电机或所述发电机的能量流出；
并且其中，所述控制单元被配置为依赖于所记录的参数来控制所述低电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池充电系统，其特征在于所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为高时，所述DC/DC转换器的低电压高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
3.如权利要求1所述的电池充电系统，其特征在于所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流入被记录时，所述DC/DC转换器的低电压高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的电池充电系统，其特征在于所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为低时，所述DC/DC转换器的低电压低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
5.如权利要求1所述的电池充电系统，其特征在于所述控制单元被配置为控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流出被记录时，所述DC/DC转换器的低电压低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
6.一种用于提高混合电动车辆中的高压电池的耐久性的方法，所述混合电动车辆包括：高压电池(103)，用于向车辆驱动电机(110)提供电力；发电机(102)，用于对所述高压电池进行充电；DC/DC转换器(104)，用于将高电压转化为低电压；低压电池(106)，其利用来自所述DC/DC转换器的所述低电压进行充电；和交流发电机(112)，其由引擎(101)进行驱动，并且与所述电压转换器并行地与所述低压电池相连接；并且其中所述方法的特征在于以下步骤：
记录参数，其中所述参数为以下的至少一个：
-所述高压电池的充电状态，
-去往所述高压电池的能量流入/从所述高压电池到所述车辆驱动电机或所述发电机的能量流出；
依赖于所记录的参数来控制所述低电压。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括如下步骤：控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为高时，使得所述DC/DC转换器的低电压高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括如下步骤：控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流入被记录时，使得所述DC/DC转换器的低电压高于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括如下步骤：控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的充电状态为低时，使得所述DC/DC转换器的低电压低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括如下步骤：控制DC/DC转换器的低电压，以便在所述高压电池的能量流出被记录时，使得所述DC/DC转换器的低电压低于来自所述交流发电机的电压。
11.一种计算机程序，包括程序代码装置，用于在所述程序在计算机上运行时执行权利要求6-10中任一项中的所有步骤。
12.一种计算机程序产品，包括存储在计算机可读介质上的程序代码装置，所述程序代码装置用于在所述程序产品在计算机上运行时执行权利要求6-10中任一项中的所有步骤。
13.一种诸如计算机存储器(520)或非易失性数据存储介质(550)的用于在计算环境中使用的存储介质，所述存储器包括用于执行权利要求6至10中的步骤的计算机可读程序代码。
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WO2010124831A3 (en) 2011-09-22
US9030162B2 (en) 2015-05-12
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