CN102422736A

CN102422736A - Method for improving acid soil by applying ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor in matched manner and application of method

Info

Publication number: CN102422736A
Application number: CN2011102730359A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜军; 徐仁扣; 佟德利; 钱薇
Original assignee: Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Soil Science of CAS
Priority date: 2011-09-15
Filing date: 2011-09-15
Publication date: 2012-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-15
Also published as: CN102422736B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving acid soil by applying ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and a nitrification inhibitor in a matched manner and application of the method. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is urea and ammonium hydrogen carbonate; and the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide. When the applying amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is 200-400mgN/kg of soil, the consumption of the dicyandiamide is 5-50 mgN/kg of soil. The specific applying method is realized by applying the nitrogen fertilizer and the dicyandiamide to the surface layer soil in a mixing manner to be fully mixed. According to the method, the soil acidity is improved while the fertilizing is carried out by using the characteristic that certain ammonium nitrogen fertilizer releases hydroxyl in the hydrolysis process; and the traditional method for accelerating the soil acidification by applying the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is changed into the method for improving the acid soil, and thus the advantages can be changed into the advantages.

Description

The method and the application thereof of ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application improvement acid ground

Technical field

The invention belongs to soil melioration and soil regulation technology field, relate to the method and the application thereof that utilize ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application improvement acid ground.

Background technology

Discovering in recent years, China's agricultural land soil is the trend of quickening acidifying, the situation ratio the during second time overall survey of soil carried out with the mid-80, soil pH 0.13-0.80 the pH that on average descend in 20 years.Ammonium fertilizer is used the main cause that is considered to quicken China's agricultural land soil acidifying in a large number, and it is to the contribution average out to 20-221kmol H of soil acidification ⁺/ ha/a (Guo et al., 2010. Science 327:1008-1010.).Under the natural conditions, often there is not the situation of surplus in nitrogen.And the artificial excessive chemical nitrogen fertilizer of using causes nitration reaction taking place in the soil and discharging H ⁺, quicken soil acidification.In areas to the south, China the Changjiang river, this regional most of soils itself reacts acid especially, and nitrogenous fertilizer is to the acceleration of acidifying bigger (Ju et al., 2009. PNAS 106:3041 – 3046).

The nitration reaction that is converted into nitrate nitrogen by ammonium nitrogen in the soil under the acid condition of low pH is suppressed; But urea and carbonic hydroammonium are applied to hydrolytic reactions behind the soil, and discharge hydroxyl, cause soil pH to raise; This process has promoted the generation of nitration reaction in the soil; Thereby quickened soil acidification (Cai Zucong, Zhao Wei. soil journal, 2009. 46 (5): 795 – 801.).If can take effective means control fertilising back soil nitrification reaction, but not influence the hydrolysis of nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer application not only can not quicken soil acidification so, can also play improving effect to a certain degree to the soil that acidifying takes place, becomes unfavorable into favourable.And the nitration reaction that suppresses ammonium fertilizer can also reduce the risk of phosphate leaching loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, because the soil zone negative electrical charge has very strong confinement capabilities to ammonium nitrogen, but nitrate nitrogen is had repulsive interaction.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem:The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and application thereof that utilizes the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide to suppress ammonium fertilizer nitration reaction in soil, make full use of the hydroxyl raising soil pH that urea and carbonic hydroammonium hydrolysis discharge, the improvement acid ground.The nitration reaction that suppresses ammonium fertilizer also reduces the risk of phosphate leaching loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

Technical scheme:The method of ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application improvement acid ground, said ammonium fertilizer is urea or carbonic hydroammonium, and nitrification inhibitor is a dicyandiamide, and when the ammonium fertilizer amount of application was 200-400mg N/kg soil, the dicyandiamide consumption was a 5-50 mg/kg soil.Ammonium fertilizer mixed imposing on topsoil with dicyandiamide, and fully mix with soil and to get final product.The method of ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application improvement acid ground can be used for corn, rape, wheat and sesame plantation.

Beneficial effect:In oxytropism soil, add urea and carbonic hydroammonium, the hydrolysis of nitrogenous fertilizer causes soil pH to raise in the incubation, but the nitrification of the ammonium nitrogen that takes place subsequently causes soil pH to descend.If but when adding urea and carbonic hydroammonium interpolation nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, then can effectively suppress the decline of soil pH after the nitrogenous fertilizer hydrolysis.With lake, Yixing carclazyte is example, and when nitrogenous fertilizer interpolation level is 200mg N/Kg, the soil pH relative comparison is handled and improved 1.24-1.30 unit when adding dicyandiamide simultaneously culture experiment finished in 85 days; When nitrogenous fertilizer interpolation level is 400mg N/kg, add dicyandiamide simultaneously and make the soil pH relative comparison improve 2.00-2.08 unit.Therefore,, not only suppressed nitration reaction, slowed down its acceleration, and acid ground is played improving effect soil acidification with nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide and urea or carbonic hydroammonium compounding application.For pursuing high yield, China's farmland amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is very high, and this not only quickens soil acidification greatly, and utilization rate of fertilizer is often lower, also causes serious body eutrophication.Add dicyandiamide, not only increase soil pH, also improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce loss of nitrogen fertilizer and surface water and phreatic pollution.Dicyandiamide catabolite in soil is ammonium and carbonic acid gas, can residual harmful substance in soil.Therefore, the present invention regulates soil acidity through dicyandiamide in fertilising, cooperates plantation rain fed crop such as corn, rape, wheat and sesame etc., reaches and both improves acid ground, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer simultaneously, is a kind of improvement method friendly to environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 be lake, Yixing carclazyte under different urea interpolation levels, use dicyandiamide to improve the dynamic effect of soil pH, ■ contrast among the figure, ▲ 200 mgN/kg, ● 400 mgN/kg, contrast+DCD, △ 200 mgN/kg+DCD, 0 400 mgN/kg+DCD;

Fig. 2 be lake, Yixing carclazyte under different carbon ammonium interpolation levels, use dicyandiamide to improve the dynamic effect of soil pH, ■ contrast among the figure, ▲ 200 mgN/kg, ● 400 mgN/kg, contrast+DCD, △ 200 mgN/kg+DCD, 0 400 mgN/kg+DCD;

Fig. 3 be lake, Yixing carclazyte under different urea interpolation levels, use dicyandiamide to improve the dynamic effect of soil ammonium, ■ contrast among the figure, ▲ 200 mgN/kg, ● 400 mgN/kg, contrast+DCD, △ 200 mgN/kg+DCD, 0 400 mgN/kg+DCD;

Fig. 4 be lake, Yixing carclazyte under different carbon ammonium interpolation levels, use dicyandiamide to improve the dynamic effect of soil ammonium, the ■ contrast, ▲ 200 mgN/kg, ● 400 mgN/kg, contrast+DCD, △ 200 mgN/kg+DCD, 0 400 mgN/kg+DCD;

Fig. 5 be lake, Yixing carclazyte under different urea interpolation levels, use dicyandiamide to improve the dynamic effect of soil nitrate nitrogen, ■ contrast among the figure, ▲ 200 mgN/kg, ● 400 mgN/kg, contrast+DCD, △ 200 mgN/kg+DCD, 0 400 mgN/kg+DCD;

Fig. 6 be lake, Yixing carclazyte under different carbon ammonium interpolation levels, use dicyandiamide to improve the dynamic effect of soil nitrate nitrogen, ■ contrast among the figure, ▲ 200 mgN/kg, ● 400 mgN/kg, contrast+DCD, △ 200 mgN/kg+DCD, 0 400 mgN/kg+DCD;

Urea and dicyandiamide compounding application soil pH comparison after 2 months under Fig. 7 condition of pot;

Fig. 8 potted plant and not under the plant species condition urea and dicyandiamide compounding application soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content be relatively after 2 months;

Fig. 9 potted plant with plant urea and soil ammonium and the nitrate nitrogen content comparison after 2 months of dicyandiamide compounding application under the corn condition.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Urea, carbonic hydroammonium and dicyandiamide compounding application are to the improved effect of soil acidity---and take by weighing 350g and cross the air-dry soil sample of 20 purposes in one group of plastic cup, contrast (not adding nitrogenous fertilizer and dicyandiamide), contrast (adding dicyandiamide), 200 mg N/kg urea, 200mg N/kg carbonic hydroammonium, 200mg N/kg urea+dicyandiamide, 200mg N/kg carbonic hydroammonium+dicyandiamide, 400mg N/kg urea, 400mg N/kg carbonic hydroammonium, 400mg N/kg urea+dicyandiamide and several kinds of combinations of 400mg N/kg carbonic hydroammonium+dicyandiamide are set respectively handle.After soil, nitrogenous fertilizer and dicyandiamide fully mixed moisture is adjusted to 60% of field capacity, 30 ℃ of cultivations of constant temperature then, every at a distance from 5 days adjusting soil moisture contents.The the 2nd, 4,9,16,26,36,46,57,72,85 day sampling and measuring soil pH, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen cultivating.

When not adding chemical fertilizer and dicyandiamide, soil pH descends (Fig. 1) gradually in the incubation, mainly due to ammonium nitrogen residual in the soil nitrification (Fig. 3 and Fig. 5) has taken place.Add the decline that dicyandiamide has suppressed soil pH, cultivated when finishing in 85 days, the contrast that soil pH does not add dicyandiamide relatively improves 0.64.Interpolation urea and carbonic hydroammonium are handled, and cultivate the hydrolysis of beginning back owing to nitrogenous fertilizer, and soil pH raises rapidly (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), but soil pH descends rapidly subsequently, cultivate to 85 days when finishing, and soil pH is close with contrast.The decline of soil pH is mainly due to due to the ammonium nitrogen generation nitration reaction in the nitrogenous fertilizer, because along with incubation time increases, soil ammonium content descends, nitrate nitrogen content constantly increases (Fig. 3-Fig. 6).But when nitrogenous fertilizer and dicyandiamide added simultaneously, the downward trend of soil pH received obvious suppression, added 200mg N/kg when culture experiment finishes and handled the soil pH relative comparison and improve 1.24-1.30; Add 200mg N/kg and handle soil pH relative comparison raising 2.00-2.08 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).Dicyandiamide is the main cause that soil pH improves to the inhibition of nitration reaction, and Fig. 3-Fig. 6 result shows, add dicyandiamide and handle that soil ammonium keeps high level in whole incubation, and that the soil nitrate nitrogen is in is very low-level.

Therefore, add dicyandiamide and urea or carbonic hydroammonium simultaneously,, brought into play the improving effect of nitrogenous fertilizer hydrolysis, soil pH is increased substantially soil acidity owing to suppressed soil ammonium-state to the nitration reaction that nitrate nitrogen transforms.This process has also reduced the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer and to the pollution of surface water.

Embodiment 2

Urea and dicyandiamide compounding application carry out in greenhouse by solar heat the improved effect-potted plant experiment of red soil acidity under the condition of pot; Every basin is adorned native 5.5 kg; Add 150mg N/kg urea and 7.5mg/kg dicyandiamide, fully mix 5 of the every basin sowing in back corns, carry out daily management with topsoil.Be 3 strains with every basin field planting after 18 days, after 2 months with harvest corn.The collection soil sample is measured soil pH, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content.The result shows; No matter whether plant plant; The soil pH that urea and dicyandiamide add processing simultaneously all is higher than independent interpolation urea processing (Fig. 7), explains that dicyandiamide also can be through suppressing nitrification under condition of pot, and the hydrolysis of performance urea improves soil pH.Not under the plant species situation, add dicyandiamide and handle soil ammonium content and be higher than and do not add dicyandiamide and handle, the nitrate nitrogen situation is opposite, explains that dicyandiamide has played inhibitory action (Fig. 8) to nitration reaction.Under the maize planting situation, singly execute urea and handle the soil nitrate nitrogen and be higher than ammonium nitrogen, urea is handled with the dicyandiamide compounding application, owing to crop to absorption of nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen all are in reduced levels (Fig. 9).Because urea and dicyandiamide compounding application have improved soil pH, therefore promote corn growth, compare with singly executing urea, urea and dicyandiamide compounding application overground part dry matter weight are improved 110%, the milpa plant height increases by 22%.

Claims

1. ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application are improved the method for acid ground; It is characterized in that said ammonium fertilizer is urea or carbonic hydroammonium; Nitrification inhibitor is a dicyandiamide, and when the ammonium fertilizer amount of application was 200-400mg N/kg soil, the dicyandiamide consumption was a 5-50 mg/kg soil.

2. the method for ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application improvement acid ground according to claim 1 is characterized in that ammonium fertilizer mixed with dicyandiamide imposing on topsoil, and fully mixes with soil and to get final product.

3. the application of the method for ammonium fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor compounding application improvement acid ground in corn, rape, wheat and sesame plantation according to claim 1.