CN102409655B - Method for preventing loss of paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks - Google Patents
Method for preventing loss of paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN102409655B CN102409655B CN201110233045.XA CN201110233045A CN102409655B CN 102409655 B CN102409655 B CN 102409655B CN 201110233045 A CN201110233045 A CN 201110233045A CN 102409655 B CN102409655 B CN 102409655B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing the loss of sedimentary rocks. The method comprises the following steps: the surfaces of the exposed areas of the paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks are crushed into rock blocks, and then the sand is laid on the paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks; the sand and the paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks are fully mixed to obtain a composite layer with the thickness being 30cm, and in the composite layer, the volume ratio of the paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks to the sand is 1:1; and a plant suitable for the local environmental conditions is grown in the composite layer according to the conventional method, and is selected from one of alfalfa and sea buckthorn. In the method, the raw materials are easily obtained, the supply of the raw materials is enough, the method is simple, the operation is easy, the engineering cost is greatly reduced, and the feasibility and the operability are improved. By verification, the composite layer consisting of the paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary rocks and the sand has the advantages that the permeability and the water retaining property are good, the growing requirements of the plant can be met and the loss of the sedimentary rocks can be effectively prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to restoration of the ecosystem and water and soil conservation field, specifically a kind of method of preventing and treating Gu, Mesozoic Deposits loss.
Background technology
At South of Maowusu Sandland, the Shanxi of the Huanghe valley, Shan, illiteracy contiguous areas, ravelly ground ancient, Mesozoic Deposits is distributing, the alternating layers that specifically refer to the Permian Period in the Paleozoic Era, Triassic period in Mesozoic Era, Jurassic Period and cretaceous thick-layer sandstone, sand shale and mud stone composition, diagenetic grade is low, and grain-to-grain cementation degree is poor, structural strength is low, easy-weathering, permeance property is poor, meets water and easily disperses.This area is also distributed with large-area sand ground, and sandy soil inter-granular porosity is large, and permeability is strong, and fine pore is few, and a little less than capillarity, the soil texture is loose, and poor water retention property, water-holding capacity are low.
Due to this Gu, Mesozoic Sedimentary rock stratum self physics, chemical property, make this rock stratum that weathering and erosion very easily occur, this rock stratum has meets the feature that water easily disperses, and causes its wastage serious, is a main source when soil erosion.According to applicant's investigation, at present both at home and abroad to preventing and treating research report that Gu, Mesozoic Deposits run off, mostly concentrate on and plant experimentally floristic selection, because sedimentary rock hardness is high, water characteristic is poor, be unfavorable for plant root growth, plant drouhgt stress is serious, is difficult for surviving.And at present for utilizing additive to improve quality and self property ancient, Mesozoic Deposits, make it to be applicable to vegetation growth, thereby the report of fixing weathering sedimentary rock is still rare.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existing in above-mentioned prior art or deficiency, the object of the invention is to, a kind of method that reduces Gu, Mesozoic Deposits loss is provided, and the method, using sand as improvement raw material, is mixed into the good composite bed of physicochemical property with sedimentary rock, for plant growth provides favourable growth conditions, improve vegetation cover degree, effectively play the effect of control weathering sedimentary rock soil erosion, and through experimental verification, plant grew well on this composite bed, coverage is high.Method of the present invention has been improved ancient, the regional ecological environment of Mesozoic Deposits.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical solution:
A method of preventing and treating Gu, Mesozoic Deposits loss, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Gu, surface, Mesozoic Deposits exposed area are ground into sillar, then sand is layered on Gu after pulverizing, Mesozoic Deposits; The two is fully mixed, obtain the composite bed of 30cm thickness, in the composite bed of this 30cm thickness, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are 1: 1, in composite bed, plant according to a conventional method the plant that is applicable to local environment condition, the plant of described applicable local environment condition is selected from the one in clover, sea-buckthorn.
Preferably, described sillar particle diameter is 2～4cm.
Preferably, described sillar particle diameter is 3～4cm.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, raw material is simple and easy to get, and in liberal supply, economical and practical.
2, method is simple, and easy operating is gathered materials on the spot, and greatly reduces engineering cost, has improved feasibility and operability.
3,, through test, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky composite bed have good permeability and water holding, water retention, can meet demand of plant growth, by the fixation of root system of plant, reduced loss ancient, Mesozoic Deposits, improved greatly ecological environment, promoted sustainable development.
4, use the frequently seen plants such as conventional implantation methods Planting Medicago sativa, sea-buckthorn, simple to operate, prevention soil and water loss effect is remarkable.
The specific embodiment
Ancient, Mesozoic Deposits refers to the alternating layers of the Permian Period in the Paleozoic Era, Triassic period in Mesozoic Era, Jurassic Period and cretaceous thick-layer sandstone, sand shale and mud stone composition.Gu in the present invention, Mesozoic Deposits pick up from great Ji Han village, indiction sweat township, Yuyang District, Yulin city, Meng Jiawan village, Meng Jiawan township, Yuyang District, Yulin city, Wu Maozi township, Dingbian County, Yulin city, Tai Hezhai township, Shenmu County, Yulin city, Ordos of Inner Mongolia Ejin Horo Banner, Jungar Banner, Ordos of Inner Mongolia and Shenchi County, Shuozhou, shanxi Province city.Applicant is through related assays, and the characteristic after the Gu of above-mentioned each sampled point, the sense organ of Mesozoic Deposits, quality and physicochemical properties and chance water is basic identical.
Ancient, Mesozoic Deposits has the advantages that to meet aqueous dispersion, its poor permeability, and hardening property is strong; And the feature of sand is loose, non-structure, moisture easily runs off, and leaks Lou fertile when the bedding as plant growth; Single Gu, Mesozoic Deposits or the husky growth that is all not suitable for plant.Applicant administers loss ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and has carried out lasting research using sand as raw material in recent years, and has obtained certain achievement.
From the angle of prevention soil and water loss, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand have complementary physical characteristic, the present invention develops a kind of method that sedimentary rock runs off of preventing and treating just based on this and on the basis of great many of experiments, comprise the steps: sillar ancient, that surface, Mesozoic Deposits exposed area is ground into particle diameter 2cm～4cm, then sand is layered on Gu after pulverizing, Mesozoic Deposits; The two is fully mixed, obtain the composite bed of 30cm thickness, in the composite bed of this 30cm thickness, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are 1: 1, in composite bed, plant according to a conventional method the plant that is applicable to local environment condition, the plant of described applicable local environment condition is selected from the one in clover, sea-buckthorn.
Be below applicant provide about the relevant parameter Optimum Experiment in technique scheme, so that technical scheme of the present invention is done to theoretical, effect support explanation.Gu in this test, Mesozoic Deposits pick up from great Ji Han village, indiction sweat township, Yuyang District, Yulin city.
(1) ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle size Optimum Experiment
1, sample preparation
First group of sample: the sample of the different-grain diameter that this group is Gu, Mesozoic Deposits is exposed, specifically in four ceramic vessel (high 25cm, diameter 20cm), be respectively charged into the sand that 10cm is thick, then in each ceramic vessel, all pack four Gus, Mesozoic Deposits into, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter in same ceramic vessel are respectively: 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm;
Second group of sample: this group is sample ancient, different-grain diameter that Mesozoic Deposits is covered by sand, specifically in four ceramic vessel, be respectively charged into the sand that 10cm is thick, then in each ceramic vessel, all pack four Gus, Mesozoic Deposits into, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter in same ceramic vessel are respectively: 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, then cover the sand that 10cm is thick on the Gu in each ceramic vessel, Mesozoic Deposits respectively.
2, test method
(1) pour water
In the ceramic vessel of 8 samples, fill with the water of equivalent simultaneously, for avoiding water droplet to Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and the structure of sand and the destruction of laying structure thereof, while pouring water, on sample, cover filter paper, make water can slowly infiltrate uniformly Gu, Mesozoic Deposits,, Mesozoic Deposits water suction ancient for guaranteeing simultaneously fully, poured water and point carried out for 3 times, front twice each ceramic vessel 1500ml that pours water, the 500ml that pours water for the last time, interval 30min pours water at every turn.
(2) sampling
After pouring water for the last time in each ceramic vessel, open fire face disappears and starts timing, respectively at getting Gu, Mesozoic Deposits after 2h and 30h in each ceramic vessel, and the water content of got Gu, Mesozoic Deposits is measured.
(3) result of the test
The water content of the different sample of table 1 middle ancient times, Mesozoic Deposits
As the results shown in Table 1:
For first group of sample: according to the size of specimen in use volume in field test experience and this test, ooze substantially and stop under the gravity water in ancient after 2h, Mesozoic Deposits, water content at this moment can be considered as field capacity, can weigh the moisture holding capacity of sample.Due to ancient, that Mesozoic Deposits has physical arrangement is unstable, meet i.e. loose, the structural collapse of water, the feature that can cause that its hole situation changes, physical property and hydraulic characteristic all changes, after 2h, known from the visual texture of sample, particle diameter is that exposed Gu, the Mesozoic Deposits structure after three times are poured water of 2cm and 3cm disperseed completely; The exposed Gu of particle diameter 4cm, Mesozoic Deposits are met water rear section and are disperseed, and still can keep physical characteristic ancient, Mesozoic Deposits self, and its water content are the water content of 2cm and 3cm sample higher than particle diameter; After the exposed Gu of particle diameter 5cm, Mesozoic Deposits are met water, degree of scatter is lower, but because of ancient, Mesozoic Deposits water guide poor performance, causes water suction slowly, is difficult to saturatedly in the short time, so moisture content is minimum, is only 26.41%.And then explanation is ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter has good moisture holding capacity while being less than 4cm.After 30h, particle diameter 2cm Gu, Mesozoic Deposits water content are minimum, drop to 3.51%, and along with its water retention property of increase of particle diameter strengthens, when ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter are greater than 3cm, its water retention property is comparatively desirable.
For second group of sample: in ancient, Mesozoic Deposits water suction saturation history, husky Gu, the Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter covering is less, and water content is larger, and the reduction of the water content at same time interval is also larger.Under husky covering and parcel, because husky seepage speed is fast, the time that water stops in sand is short, and ancient, Mesozoic Deposits cannot reach capacity, and structure is not also disperseed.The highest after the sillar moisture content 2h of particle diameter 2cm, be 23.12%, along with the increase of particle diameter, water content drops to 20.55%, illustrate particle diameter excessive be difficult for saturated, and then be unfavorable for water holding, illustrate that, in husky situation about covering, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter is also while being less than 4cm, to have good moisture holding capacity.After 30h, particle diameter 2cm Gu, Mesozoic Deposits water content are minimum, drop to 5.88%, and that particle diameter is greater than the moisture content of Gu, Mesozoic Deposits of 2cm is suitable, between 20.30%～20.33%.Visible, under husky covering, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter is greater than 2cm, and water retention is extremely remarkable.
In land control process, after ancient, Mesozoic Deposits mixes with sand, part is exposed, part is wrapped up in and protected by sand hill, and part function ancient, Mesozoic Deposits tends to absorb moisture, and part Gu, Mesozoic Deposits function tend to store moisture.Comprehensive two states analysis, simultaneously from practical standpoint, in sand, mixing Gu, the Mesozoic Sedimentary sillar that particle diameter is 2cm～4cm is comparatively rational particle size range, the preferred wherein particle size range of 3cm～4cm.
In following process of the test, Gu used, the particle diameter of Mesozoic Deposits are 2cm～4cm.
(2) physicochemical characteristic test
This test is take correlation theory index as foundation, the Optimum Experiment carrying out so that the physical characteristic of composite earth and the physical characteristic of soil approach.
1, prepare sample
Take ancient, Mesozoic Deposits, as 1: 0,1: 0.2,1: 0.5,1: 1,1: 2,1: 3, configure test specimen with husky volume ratio, and it is fully mixed standby.
2, test method
Adopt pipette method to measure mechanical composition; Adopt cylinder impregnating method to measure capillary porosity; Adopt constant head method to measure saturated hydraulic conductivity; Adopt volumetric analysis to measure organic, adopt the total porosity of unit weight calculation sample.
3, result of the test
The soil texture and the physical property of table 2 different ratios of raw materials composite earth
The soil with good preserve moisture and fertility ability could meet demand of plant growth, and for sand ground, quality, water, fertilizer are main limiting factors.The soil texture and soil physical and chemical property are closely related, by measuring mechanical composition, to obtain composite earth quality, choose saturated hydraulic conductivity and capillary porosity as water holding, water retaining capacity index for this reason simultaneously.
According to result shown in table 2, according to the soil texture index of composite earth, can find out, along with the increase of addition husky in Gu, Mesozoic Deposits, the grains of sand content in composite earth constantly increases, and silt content constantly reduces.Composite earth quality, along with the increase of husky amount, becomes sandy loam from silty loam, loam gradually, and the two volume ratio reaches 1: the 1 o'clock soil texture and becomes loam, is more conducive to vegetation growth.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity and capillary porosity have determined aeration, permeability and the water retaining capacity of soil.Along with the increase of the addition in Sha Gu, Mesozoic Deposits, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of composite earth is increased to 0.79mm/min by 0.07mm/min gradually.As everyone knows, it is hypotonicity soil that saturated hydraulic conductivity is less than 0.2mm/min, is unfavorable for infiltrating of soil moisture.Ancient, Mesozoic Deposits reaches at 1: 1 o'clock with husky mixed volume ratio, and saturated hydraulic conductivity just exceedes the scope of hyposmosis soil, illustrates that ratio husky in composite earth is difficult for too low.
General dryland soil ventilating slit (ventilating slit=total porosity-capillary porosity, the total porosity of all test specimens is 47.2%) ratio can not be lower than 10%, can estimate accordingly proportioning and at least will reach 1: 1.
To sum up, through overtesting and analytical estimating, prevent and treat it run off with the method for mixed sand in ancient, Mesozoic Deposits, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio at least reach 1: 1.
Through above-mentioned analytic explanation, quality, the physicochemical property of above-mentioned composite earth and soil are suitable, composite earth suitable for plant growth provided by the present invention is described theoretically, thereby control sedimentary rock run off.
On the basis of above-mentioned quality, physics and chemistry test, carry out following vegetation planting experiment, with the technique effect to composite earth of the present invention, support explanation.
Embodiment 1
In great Ji Han village, indiction sweat township, rate in Yuyang county, get on the spot local sand, by sand, be to mix at 1: 1 by volume with local Gu, Mesozoic Deposits.First sedimentary rock ancient, surface, Mesozoic Deposits exposed area is pulverized to the particle for 3-4cm size, sand is layered on to the sedimentary rock surface after pulverizing, then the mechanical rotary tillage top layer 30cm degree of depth, making sandy soil and composite bed thickness ancient, Mesozoic Deposits is 30cm, the transformation gross area is 300 mu, Planting Medicago sativa.Select the sample prescription of 5 1m × 1m to carry out the mass survey of vegetation, emergence rate on average reaches 76%; Carried out mass survey at alfalfa growing animated period August, finds that cover degree reaches 65%.Through investigation, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits leakage after plantation in transformation area slow down.By the present embodiment, can be found out, through improved Gu, Mesozoic Sedimentary petrographic province, be suitable for plant growth, vegetation cover degree improves, and therefore, the method for the present embodiment has the effect of remarkable control Gu, Mesozoic Deposits soil erosion.
Embodiment 2
In Wu Maozi township, Dingbian County, Yulin city, get on the spot local sand, by sand, be to mix at 1: 1 by volume with local Gu, Mesozoic Deposits.First sedimentary rock ancient, surface, Mesozoic Deposits exposed area is pulverized to the particle for 2-4cm size, sand is layered on to the sedimentary rock surface after pulverizing, then the mechanical rotary tillage top layer 30cm degree of depth, making sandy soil and composite bed thickness ancient, Mesozoic Deposits is 30cm, the transformation gross area is 180 mu, plantation sea-buckthorn, select the sample prescription of 5 1m × 1ms to carry out the mass survey discovery of vegetation at sea-buckthorn growth animated period August, and vegetation cover degree reaches 60%.Through investigation, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits leakage after plantation in transformation region slow down.By the present embodiment, can be found out, through improved Gu, Mesozoic Sedimentary petrographic province, be suitable for plant growth, vegetation cover degree improves, and therefore, the method for the present embodiment has the effect of remarkable control Gu, Mesozoic Deposits soil erosion.
Embodiment 3
Meng Jiawan village, Meng Jiawan township, Yuyang District, Yulin city, gets local sand on the spot, by sand, is to mix at 1.5: 1 by volume with local Gu, Mesozoic Deposits.First sedimentary rock ancient, surface, Mesozoic Deposits exposed area is pulverized to the particle for 3-4cm size, sand is layered on to the sedimentary rock surface after pulverizing, the then mechanical rotary tillage top layer 30cm degree of depth, the composite bed thickness that makes Sha Hegu, Mesozoic Deposits is 30cm.The transformation gross area is 240 mu, and Planting Medicago sativa, investigates its emergence rate, cover degree at different times respectively, can reach the effect identical with embodiment 2.Therefore, the method for the present embodiment has significant soil and water conservation effect.
The present invention has realized and having suited measures to local conditions, turned bane into boon, improved Gu, Mesozoic Deposits have good structure and hole situation, the similar loam of quality, have both ventilation capacity and water holding, water retaining capacity, that rainwater can store is ancient, in Mesozoic Deposits and husky composite bed, be conducive to plant growth, vegetation cover degree improves, and reaches the object of fixing Gu, Mesozoic Deposits, prevention soil and water loss.Realized and having gathered materials on the spot, local use, suits measures to local conditions, the target changing harmful to treasure.
Claims (2)
1. a method of preventing and treating Gu, Mesozoic Deposits loss, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Gu, surface, Mesozoic Deposits exposed area are ground into sillar, then sand is layered on Gu after pulverizing, Mesozoic Deposits; The two is fully mixed, obtain the composite bed of 30cm thickness, in the composite bed of this 30cm thickness, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are 1:1, in composite bed, plant according to a conventional method the plant that is applicable to local environment condition, the plant of described applicable local environment condition is selected from the one in clover, sea-buckthorn; Described sillar particle diameter is 2～4cm.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described sillar particle diameter is 3～4cm.
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| 吴晔.在沙海展开绿野画卷——陕西用沙和砒砂岩造耕地奇迹创造纪事.《中国国土资源报》.2011,第3页第1-6段. |
| 在沙海展开绿野画卷——陕西用沙和砒砂岩造耕地奇迹创造纪事;吴晔;《中国国土资源报》;20110716;第3页第1-6段 * |
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