CN108774997A - A method of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite reduces moisture content - Google Patents
A method of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite reduces moisture content Download PDFInfo
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- CN108774997A CN108774997A CN201810682455.4A CN201810682455A CN108774997A CN 108774997 A CN108774997 A CN 108774997A CN 201810682455 A CN201810682455 A CN 201810682455A CN 108774997 A CN108774997 A CN 108774997A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00293—Materials impermeable to liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sand complete to clay blending granite, severely-weathered come the method for reducing moisture content, belongs to Hydraulic Structure Engineering Applied research fields.The present invention first admixes clay material, complete (strong) Weathered Sand of granite according to required ratio, then it is rolled after mixing and stirring, obtain the low clay mixture of moisture content, and conventional soil test is carried out to clay mixture, high-moisture percentage clay is analyzed by admixing the feasibility that granite is complete, severely-weathered sand reduces moisture content, and in this, as the Con trolling index of clay core wall optimization design, so that it is determined that the arrangement and method for construction that had not only met engine request in clay core wall Weathered Material dam engineering but also can accelerate construction progress.The present invention effectively reduces moisture content under the premise of ensureing that indices meet design requirement, accelerates construction progress.Clay compactness, dry density are increased simultaneously, can effectively reduce the settling amount of dam runtime, it is advantageous to stablizing for dam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sand complete to clay blending granite, severely-weathered come the method for reducing moisture content, belongs to water conservancy project
Structural Engineering Applied research fields.
Background technology
Honghe is located at the Yunnan Province southeast, according to counting during the decade, the mountain area more than height above sea level 2000m, and average temperature of the whole year
16.3 DEG C, -9.0 DEG C of extreme temperature, 31.5 DEG C；Average annual rainfall 2026.5mm, general year maximum rainfall are 2508.1mm,
Wherein the counties Jin Ping watershed virgin forest area annual rainfall maximum reaches 3471.1mm, and individual times are up to 4338mm, occupy the whole province it
Hat；Maximum rainfall on the one has rainfall intensity big up to 212.4mm, the feature of duration length.Below height above sea level 2000m
Intermountain basin, river valley area, average temperature of the whole year is respectively 17.2 DEG C, 23.4 DEG C, extreme temperature -2.0,40.7 DEG C, annual
Rainfall 817.2mm, 1688.7mm, year maximum rainfall 2257.2mm, maximum rainfall 144.7mm on the one are compared with mountain area
It is relatively small, but still concentrated with single-point heavy rain, the big feature of intensity.
The characteristics of according to Construction of Hydraulic Project, earth and rockfill dam are most widely used in current world's Dam constructions engineering
With a kind of dam type with fastest developing speed.Compared with other dam types, no matter from economic aspect or in terms of construction, earth and rockfill dam has
The construction material therefor of absolute advantage, earth and rockfill dam generally uses in site recovery, while various excavations are made full use of in construction
Material, including local earth material, building stones or mixture, the construction of earth and rockfill dam are that these materials are passed through the methods of throwing, spreading heap
The checkdam built up.
Used in earth and rockfill dam clay core wall be to make the barrier performance of dam body meet the requirements, but in cold highland area, when
The moisture content of clay material is more than optimum moisture content, and the effect unobvious of moisture content are reduced by exposing to the weather, and moisture content height meeting
It causes compactness that design objective is not achieved, increases so as to cause runtime dam settlement, cause many hazards such as core-wall drawing crack big
Therefore how the accident of dam safety reduces clay moisture content, it is to increase clay compactness under the requirement for meeting seepage prevention of core wall very much
Mostly build, earth and rockfill dam problems faced yet to be built.
Invention content
To clay blending, granite is complete, severely-weathered sand is aqueous to reduce the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of
The method of rate can effectively reduce clay moisture content, increase clay compactness, dry density, can effectively reduce the heavy of dam runtime
Drop amount, it is advantageous to stablizing for dam.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite reduces moisture content
Method includes the following steps：
Step1, the clay for natural moisture content between 45.59%-52.4%, natural moisture content are 9.6%
Granite is complete, severely-weathered sand, and by clay and granite, complete, severely-weathered sand is according to volume ratio 5:1 proportioning carries out dispensing；
Step2, the dispensing according to Step1, first in smooth soil upper berth clay material, after in clay material upper berth granite
Entirely, then severely-weathered sand carries out multiple rotary tillage to the earth material completed with rotary cultivator and mixes and stirs, obtains uniform admixture；
Step3, admixture is transported to and rolls place, paved on place in smooth roll, then carry out 6 times or more
Roll, obtain the low clay mixture of moisture content；
Step4, the difference by number of rolling carry out conventional soil to the clay mixture obtained after different number of rolling respectively
Work is tested, its moisture content, density, compactness, infiltration coefficient are detected.
Preferably, it is first 25cm clay materials in smooth soil upper berth thickness, then viscous in the step Step2
Earth material upper berth thickness is that the granite of 5cm is complete, severely-weathered sand.
Preferably, in the step Step3, the admixture that thickness is 35cm is paved on place in smooth roll, is used
Self-propelled vibrations convex block road roller is rolled, and rolls mode using mistake of retreating away from method.
Preferably, the layer thickness is controlled and is detected by spirit level.
Preferably, in the Step2, after third time rotary tillage is mixed and stirred, rear admixture is mixed and stirred in each rotary tillage of start recording
Moisture content mixes and stirs the moisture content of rear admixture by detection, it may be determined that whether uniform mixing, being rolled again after uniform mixing can be with
Obtain the low clay mixture of the moisture content of better quality.
Preferably, in the Step4, core cutter method, the blending after rolling are used to the Density Detection of clay mixture
Material top surface is dug from a substratum, then is sampled with cutting ring.
Preferably, in the Step4, the moisture content detection of clay mixture is dried using Constant Temp. Oven
Method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention can effectively reduce clay moisture content, increase clay compactness, dry density, can effectively reduce dam fortune
The settling amount on the departure date, it is advantageous to stablizing for dam；
(2) it can determine that in the dam engineering construction of clay core wall Weathered Material, not only met engine request but also can accelerate construction progress
Arrangement and method for construction.
(3) theoretical to define, be easy to understand, calculating simply, it is reduced using the method for blending complete, the severely-weathered sand of granite viscous
Soil's water content no matter in terms of the design and construction of earth-rock works, or has in terms of engineering economy particularly important
Meaning.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1：A method of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite reduces moisture content, including walks as follows
Suddenly：
Step1, the clay for natural moisture content between 45.59%-52.4%, natural moisture content are 9.6%
Granite is complete, severely-weathered sand, and by clay and granite, complete, severely-weathered sand is according to volume ratio 5:1 proportioning carries out dispensing；
Step2, the dispensing according to Step1, first in smooth soil upper berth clay material, after in clay material upper berth granite
Entirely, then severely-weathered sand carries out multiple rotary tillage to the earth material completed with rotary cultivator and mixes and stirs, obtains uniform admixture；
Step3, admixture is transported to and rolls place, paved on place in smooth roll, then carry out 6 times or more
Roll, obtain the low clay mixture of moisture content；
Step4, the difference by number of rolling carry out conventional soil to the clay mixture obtained after different number of rolling respectively
Work is tested, its moisture content, density, compactness, infiltration coefficient are detected.In real work, by these detection datas as a result, can
To require to select number of rolling according to specific, and then the clay mixture of different water cut is selected to build clay core wall.?
When making clay core wall, knot need to be spilt in the last layer clay mixture after rolling before next layer of clay mixture stone
Heshui.
Further, in the step Step2, it is first 25cm clay materials in smooth soil upper berth thickness, then exists
Clay material upper berth thickness is that the granite of 5cm is complete, severely-weathered sand.
Further, in the step Step3, the admixture that thickness is 35cm is paved on place in smooth roll, is adopted
It is rolled with self-propelled vibrations convex block road roller, rolls mode using mistake of retreating away from method.
Further, the layer thickness is controlled and is detected by spirit level.
Further, in the Step2, after third time rotary tillage is mixed and stirred, rear admixture is mixed and stirred in each rotary tillage of start recording
Moisture content.
Further, in the Step4, core cutter method, mixing after rolling are used to the Density Detection of clay mixture
It digs from a substratum with material top surface, then is sampled with cutting ring.
Further, in the Step4, the moisture content detection of clay mixture is dried using Constant Temp. Oven
Method.
With reference to specific case, the present invention is described in detail.
Example 1：Certain clay core wall Weathered Material dam crest elevation 1871m, clay stock ground elevation glue between 2240~2270m
For the natural moisture content of soil between 45.59%-52.4%, the natural moisture content of complete, the severely-weathered sand of granite is 9.6%,
One, the whole construction process flow of the low clay mixture of moisture content is obtained：
1, technological process
Stock ground, which is removed to specified material matter → with the exploitation of digging machine facade, which mixes entrucking thoroughly, → dump truck transport to mix and stir field → pushes away
Weathered Sand → artificial flat Weathered Sand → sanding thickness inspection is closed on the native flat clay material of machine → paving soil layer thickness passed examination → loading machine
Lattice → with rotary cultivator mix and stir the clay paved and sand rotary tillage → and dump truck transports to rolling place → bull-dozer is paved → and spreads
Soil layer thickness passed examination → vibration padfoot roller is rolled by pass, and → design objective detection is qualified → spills in conjunction with water → next field of carry out
It rolls.
2, specification
It removes in stock ground：By tree root, stone riprap and the every obstacle object of construction is interfered to remove；By coating, hill slope debris object and
The removings such as weathered layer；Surface layer is ploughed and plants layer removing totally.
Facade is exploited：It when exploitation, is exploited using facade, fully removes upper cover layer, exploitation uses excavator, goes forward side by side
Luggage vehicle.
Transport and discharging：Transport is carried out using 20t dump trucks.Discharging uses and attacks and occupies method.
Bulk cargo and levelling：Bulk cargo use bull-dozer, with unload with dissipate.Material is put down after scattering using hand fit's bull-dozer
Whole, error is no more than the 10% of thickness.
Blending ratio and paving soil thickness：Clay natural moisture content 45.59%-52.4%, granite is complete, severely-weathered sand is natural
Moisture content 9.6%, it than sand is 5 to select clay:1 proportioning (volume ratio), clay spread thickness 25cm, and granite is complete, severely-weathered sand paving is thick
5cm。
Rotary tillage pass：To clay and granite be complete, the severely-weathered basic uniform mixing of sand, measurement mixes and stirs material moisture content for rotary tillage.
Layer thickness detects：Material paving soil thickness 35cm is mixed and stirred, layer thickness control and detection are carried out using spirit level, up to not
To requiring to be handled in time.When stone, superpressure width, generally 1m are stopped in four sides.
It rolls：It rolls and convex block road roller is shaken using self-propelled, roll mode using mistake of retreating away from method.Mistake is away from according to stone roller
Pressure pass and stone roller body width determine respectively.
Sample detection：It presses《Earthwork test rule》SL237-1999 requires to carry out.
Spill engagement water：After rolling sampling, engagement water is sprayed using hydraulic giant.It is fully atomized when spilling engagement water, watering amount
Control makes joint surface surface wettability, and watering is immersed within native table depth 5mm, but is not formed subject to ponding.
Two, the test detection project after the low clay mixture of moisture content and method are obtained
(1) density test：It is measured, is dug from a substratum by rolling layers top surface, then sampled with cutting ring with core cutter method.
(2) water ratio test：It is measured with Constant Temp. Oven oven drying method.
(3) compaction test：Using the earth material of grain size < 5mm, dry method is for sample, hitting work per unit energy 592.2KJ/m3；Mechanics
Test material preparation is controlled with the soil of grain size < 2mm by maximum dry density.
(4) permeability test in situ：It is measured with using monocycle method.
(5) results of permeability tests：Using southern 55 type permeameters, variable water level method test.
Three, test result is analyzed
1, experimental data
(1) natural moisture content
Clay natural moisture content 45.59%-52.4%, granite is complete, severely-weathered sand natural moisture content 9.6%, and selection is viscous
Soil is 5 than sand:1 proportioning (volume ratio).
(2) mixing water-containing rate situation of change, (clay is than sand by 5:1 proportioning)
During rotary cultivator rotary tillage, different rotary tillage passes is taken to measure moisture content, experimental result such as the following table 1：
Table 1 mixes sand rotary tillage water-cut variation situation
| Rotary tillage pass | Moisture content |
| 3 times | 35.17% |
| 3 times | 37.35% |
| 5 times | 35.46% |
| 5 times | 35.58% |
| 6 times | 36.39% |
(3) density test of the low clay mixture of moisture content
2 core cutter method density of table
(4) the low clay mixture permeability test of moisture content
3 infiltration coefficient of table (in-situ test)
| Time (when day points) | It rolls 6 times (cm/s) | It rolls 8 times (cm/s) |
| 30.21.56 | 1.29×10^-5 | 2.91×10^-5 |
| 31.00.18 | 4.59×10^-6 | 9.64×10^-6 |
| 31.02.09 | 1.17×10^-5 | 1.29×10^-5 |
| 31.04.11 | 1.28×10^-5 | 1.23×10^-5 |
| 31.08.35 | 4.59×10^-6 | 2.92×10^-6 |
| 31.12.36 | 4.29×10^-6 | 3.21×10^-6 |
| 31.16.24 | 7.71×10^-6 | 6.43×10^-6 |
| It is average | 7.32×10^-6 | 9.56×10^-6 |
4 infiltration coefficient of table (indoor varying head experiment infiltration coefficient table)
| Time (when day points) | It rolls 6 times (cm/s) | It rolls 8 times (cm/s) |
| 31.19.00 | 7.784×10^-8 | 7.784×10^-8 |
| 31.21.14 | 2.758×10^-7 | 6.872×10^-8 |
| 31.23.58 | 4.554×10^-7 | 7.097×10^-8 |
| 1.01.46 | 1.925×10^-7 | 6.856×10^-8 |
| 1.13.43 | 1.075×10^-7 | 6.695×10^-8 |
| 1.15.56 | 1.037×10^-7 | 6.765×10^-8 |
| It is average | 2.02×10^-7 | 7.01×10^-8 |
(5) grain composition is analyzed
5 granite of table is complete, severely-weathered sand (dry screen) grain composition table
| Grain size (mm) | Percentage shared by the particle size range |
| > 10 | 6.36% |
| 5~10 | 8.89% |
| 2~5 | 24.5% |
| 1~2 | 9.07% |
| 0.5~1 | 17.34% |
| 0.25~0.5 | 14% |
| 0.1~0.25 | 9.3% |
| 0.075~0.1 | 1.58% |
| < 0.075 | 8.95% |
6 granite of table is complete, severely-weathered sand (washing) grain composition table
| Grain size (mm) | Percentage shared by the particle size range |
| > 10 | 2.4% |
| 5~10 | 6.1% |
| 2~5 | 21.6% |
| 1~2 | 7.7% |
| 0.5~1 | 20.3% |
| 0.25~0.5 | 12.4% |
| 0.1~0.25 | 9.6% |
| 0.075~0.1 | 1.1% |
| < 0.075 | 18.8% |
7 clay material of table (washing) grain composition table
| Grain size (mm) | Percentage shared by the particle size range |
| > 10 | 2.55% |
| 5~10 | 0.71% |
| 2~5 | 1.01% |
| 1~2 | 0.67% |
| 0.5~1 | 6.88% |
| 0.25~0.5 | 8.59% |
| 0.1~0.25 | 4.25% |
| 0.075~0.1 | 0.49% |
| < 0.075 | 74.85% |
The low clay mixture of 8 moisture content of table (washing) grain composition table
| Grain size (mm) | Percentage shared by the particle size range |
| > 10 | 0.43% |
| 5~10 | 1.02% |
| 2~5 | 4.66% |
| 1~2 | 3.18% |
| 0.5~1 | 8.99% |
| 0.25~0.5 | 8.03% |
| 0.1~0.25 | 5.88% |
| 0.075~0.1 | 0.63% |
| < 0.075 | 67.18% |
2, analysis of experimental data
(1) situation is mixed and stirred
According to table 1, the method that clay admixes complete, the severely-weathered sand reduction clay moisture content of granite is feasible.Admixture
After rotary tillage 6 times, mix and stir that situation is more uniform, and clay moisture content is down to 36.39% from 45.59%.
(2) dry density and compactness
According to table 2, clay admixes that granite is complete, after severely-weathered sand, increases clay dry density, maximum dry density, is compacted
Degree reaches 96% or more, more advantageous to the stabilization of dam.
(3) infiltration coefficient
According to table 3, table 4, after saturation is permeated 8 hours in original position, indoor infiltration is saturated 24 hours, infiltration coefficient reaches k<1×
The code requirement of 10^-5cm/s.
(4) grain composition is analyzed
According to table 6, table 7, table 8, clay material admixes that clay blending granite is complete, after severely-weathered sand, reduces fine grained and contains
Amount,<The granule content of 0.075mm decreases, but it is overall compare, the variation of grain composition accounting is little.
Four, experiment conclusion
The method of complete, the severely-weathered sand reduction clay moisture content of clay material blending granite is feasible, is wanted meeting infiltration
Under the premise of asking, dry density, the compactness of core-wall are increased, it is more advantageous to the stabilization of core-wall；Meanwhile by admixing granite
Entirely, the method for severely-weathered sand makes the reduction of core-wall moisture content, dam filing orderly be carried out.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that granite is complete, severely-weathered sand by admixing in clay by the present invention, ensureing that indices satisfaction sets
Under the premise of meter requires, moisture content is effectively reduced, construction speed is accelerated, while increasing clay compactness, dry density, from
And the settling amount of dam runtime can be effectively reduced, it is advantageous to stablizing for dam.
While clay blending granite is complete, severely-weathered sand meets seepage prevention of core wall requirement, core-wall compactness is increased, because working as
Ground materials also meet reasonability economically, and therefore, the present invention is to determine in earth-rock works that clay core wall reduces moisture content
Measure provides more favorable foundation for Dam Designs in Last.Theory of the invention is defined, is easy to understand, calculating simply, using blending flower hilllock
The method of complete, the severely-weathered sand of rock reduces viscous soil's water content, no matter in terms of the design and construction of earth-rock works, or
There is particularly important meaning in terms of engineering economy.
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment party
Formula can also be made without departing from the purpose of the present invention within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art
Go out various change.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite is come the method that reduces moisture content, it is characterised in that：Including walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step1, the clay for natural moisture content between 45.59%-52.4%, the flower hilllock that natural moisture content is 9.6%
Rock is complete, severely-weathered sand, and by clay and granite, complete, severely-weathered sand is according to volume ratio 5:1 proportioning carries out dispensing；
Step2, the dispensing according to Step1, first in smooth soil upper berth clay material, after it is complete, strong in clay material upper berth granite
Then Weathered Sand carries out multiple rotary tillage to the earth material completed with rotary cultivator and mixes and stirs, obtains uniform admixture；
Step3, admixture is transported to and rolls place, paved on place in smooth roll, then carry out 6 times or more stone rollers
Pressure, obtains the low clay mixture of moisture content；
Step4, the difference by number of rolling carry out conventional geotechnique's examination to the clay mixture obtained after different number of rolling respectively
It tests, detects its moisture content, density, compactness, infiltration coefficient.
2. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite according to claim 1 is the method that reduces moisture content,
It is characterized in that：It is first 25cm clay materials in smooth soil upper berth thickness, then on clay material in the step Step2
Spread that the granite that thickness is 5cm is complete, severely-weathered sand.
3. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite according to claim 2 is the method that reduces moisture content,
It is characterized in that：In the step Step3, the admixture that thickness is 35cm is paved on place in smooth roll, using self-propelled
Vibrations convex block road roller is rolled, and rolls mode using mistake of retreating away from method.
4. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite according to claim 2 or 3 reduces the side of moisture content
Method, it is characterised in that：The layer thickness is controlled and is detected by spirit level.
5. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite according to claim 1 is the method that reduces moisture content,
It is characterized in that：In the Step2, after third time rotary tillage is mixed and stirred, the moisture content of rear admixture is mixed and stirred in each rotary tillage of start recording.
6. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite according to claim 1 is the method that reduces moisture content,
It is characterized in that：In the Step4, core cutter method, the admixture top surface after rolling are used to the Density Detection of clay mixture
It digs from a substratum, then sampled with cutting ring.
7. a kind of, severely-weathered sand complete to clay blending granite according to claim 1 is the method that reduces moisture content,
It is characterized in that：In the Step4, Constant Temp. Oven oven drying method is used to the moisture content detection of clay mixture.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112411633A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 北京交通大学 | Wide-grade soil-distribution anti-seepage soil material |
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