CN102405820B - Fertility preserving method of sandlot - Google Patents
Fertility preserving method of sandlot Download PDFInfo
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- CN102405820B CN102405820B CN2011102318655A CN201110231865A CN102405820B CN 102405820 B CN102405820 B CN 102405820B CN 2011102318655 A CN2011102318655 A CN 2011102318655A CN 201110231865 A CN201110231865 A CN 201110231865A CN 102405820 B CN102405820 B CN 102405820B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertility preserving method of a sandlot, which comprises the following steps that: the sandlot is prepared and leveled; Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratified rock is pulverized; the pulverized Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratified rock is paved on the surface of the sandlot; the Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratified rock is adequately mixed with sand through a mechanical rotary cultivation way to obtain a composite layer of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratified rock and the sand which is 30cm thick, and the volume ratio of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratified rock and the sand in the composite layer with the thickness of 30cm is 1: (1 to 5). The Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratified rock is mixed into the sandlot after being pulverized, so the physical property and the chemical property of the sandlot after being modified are equivalent to the properties of soil, and the sandlot after being modified has good fertility preserving property, so the yield of crops planted in the sandlot after being modified can reach the yield of the crops which are planted in ordinary fields.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sand ground and administer the field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizer conservation method of sand ground.
Background technology
For farming, sand ground is a kind of difficult resource of utilizing, and in view of the popularity of sand ground distribution and the demand of human survival, the mankind have carried out research and utilization from all angles to the characteristic of sand, make it to adapt to the demand of agricultural planting.Specific to the application of sand in farming, its maximum problem is how sand ground to be improved, so that its physicochemical characteristics can satisfy the agricultural production demand.At present, people have obtained certain achievement in sand ground improvement field.But improved sand ground is because water and fertilizer condition is poor, and productivity of land is low, is difficult to sustainable use, still has many insoluble problems.
Hole is large between sand grains, and seepage is strong, and the fine pore is few, and a little less than the capillarity, quality is loose, and water conservation, nutrient preserving capability are poor, a little less than the water-holding capacity, in case the moisture supply reduces, evaporation increases, and is prone to the globality lack of water; Organic matter decomposition is fast, accumulative fewer in the sand ground simultaneously, causes nutrient preserving capability poor, and nutrient is relatively poorer.The survival rate of sand ground plantation nursery stock is low, and therefore, the fertilizer conservation problem of sand ground has become the problem demanding prompt solution that present sand ground is administered the field.
Summary of the invention
The migration of fertilizer in the soil (solute) is closely related with soil moisture, in addition, the fertility characteristics of soil texture reflect soil inherence, its type decided soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, feeder capability and soil tilth etc., has directly determined the output of crops.And the sandy soil quality under different sedimentary rocks and the husky mixed proportion has obvious transition, so the applicant studies sand ground fertilizer conservation method from the angle of water conservation and the soil texture.
For the defective that exists in the prior art or deficiency, the object of the invention is to, a kind of sand ground fertilizer conservation method is provided, the method adds sand ground with sedimentary rock as raw material, so that the quality of sand ground becomes the good earth soil of similar nutrient preserving capability.The present invention suits measures to local conditions, and engineering cost is low, and is few to the ecotope disturbance, for the utilization of sedimentary rock, particularly sand ground are suited measures to local conditions, turn bane into boon, changed harmful to treasure and opened up a new way.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of fertilizer conservation method of sand ground is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Sand ground is put in order smooth; Gu, Mesozoic Deposits are pulverized; Gu, Mesozoic Deposits after pulverizing are tiled in sandy land surface; Mode by mechanical rotary tillage is with Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and huskyly fully mix, and obtains the thick Gu of 30cm, Mesozoic Deposits and husky composite bed, and in the thick composite bed of this 30cm, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are 1: (1～5).
Preferably, particle diameter was 2cm～4cm after described Gu, Mesozoic Deposits were pulverized.
Preferably, particle diameter was 3cm～4cm after described Gu, Mesozoic Deposits were pulverized.
Preferably, the volume ratio of described Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1: (1～3).
The present invention has following advantage:
1, the fertilizer conservation raw material is simple and easy to, and in liberal supply, economical and practical.
2, method is simple, and easy operating directly carries out raw material at sand ground and mixes, and greatly reduces engineering cost, has improved economic and practical.
3, the fertilizer conservation raw material adopts ancient, Mesozoic Deposits, has solved the series of environmental problems such as Gu, Mesozoic Deposits water and soil loss, and the while also realized turning bane into boon, recycling.
The fertilizer conservation method of sand ground of the present invention after pulverizing is blended in Gu, Mesozoic Deposits in the sand ground, so that the characteristic of the physicochemical characteristics of sand ground and soil is suitable, improved sand ground has good preservation capacity of water and fertility, so that can reach the yield level of planting identical crops in general soil in the output of " sand ground " Planting Crops.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the water holding design sketch of the mixed soil of pure sand and different mixing proportion in the water holding test.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done further and to explain.
Embodiment
Ancient, Mesozoic Deposits refers to the alternating layers that the Permian Period in the Paleozoic Era, Triassic period in Mesozoic Era, Jurassic Period and cretaceous thick-layer sandstone, sand shale and mud stone form.Gu among the present invention, Mesozoic Deposits pick up from large discipline sweat village, Yuyang District indiction sweat township, Yulin city, Meng Jiawan village, Yulin city Yuyang District Meng Jiawan township, the military loess hills in Dingbian County, Yulin city township, the Yulin city Tai Hezhai of Shenmu County township, Ordos of Inner Mongolia Ejin Horo Banner, Ordos of Inner Mongolia Jungar Banner and Shenchi County, Shuozhou, shanxi Province city.The applicant is through related assays, and the characteristic behind the Gu of above-mentioned each sampled point, the sense organ of Mesozoic Deposits, quality and physico chemical property and the chance water is basic identical.
Ancient, Mesozoic Deposits has the soft characteristics of the yew of chance, its poor permeability, and hardening property is strong; And the characteristics of sand are loose, can not form the granular structure of soil, cause moisture to run off easily, and it is Lou fertile to leak as the bedding of plant growth the time; Single Gu, Mesozoic Deposits or the husky growth that all is not suitable for crops.The applicant has carried out the research that continues as raw material improvement sand ground, and has obtained certain achievement ancient, Mesozoic Deposits in recent years.
From the proportion of crop planting angle, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky physical characteristic with complementation, the present invention just is being based on this and is developing a kind of sand ground fertilizer conservation method on the basis of great many of experiments, comprises the steps: sand ground is put in order smooth; Ancient, Mesozoic Deposits are ground into the particle that particle diameter is 2cm～4cm; Gu, Mesozoic Deposits after pulverizing are tiled in sandy land surface; Mode by mechanical rotary tillage is with Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and huskyly fully mix, and obtains the thick Gu of 30cm, Mesozoic Deposits and husky composite bed, and in the thick composite bed of this 30cm, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are 1: (1～5).
The factor that affects the soil fertilizer performance mainly contains two: the soil texture and moisture capacity.Therefore, the applicant studies the fertilizer-preserving ability of sand ground from the quality of improving sand ground and water retention capacity two aspects that improve sand ground.In specifically having studied, its water holding effect was better when the particle diameter of Paleozoic Era sedimentary rock was much, and ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky mixed proportion can be so that the quality of common sand ground become the higher sandy soil ground of fertilizer-preserving ability for how many times.Below be the applicant provide optimize comparative trial about the relevant parameter in the technique scheme, so that technical scheme of the present invention is done theoretical, effect support explanation.Gu in this test, Mesozoic Deposits pick up from large discipline sweat village, Yuyang District indiction sweat township, Yulin city.
(1) ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle size Optimum Experiment
1, sample preparation
First group of sample: this group is the sample of the different-grain diameter ancient, that Mesozoic Deposits is exposed, specifically in four ceramic vessel (high 25cm, diameter 20cm), be respectively charged into the thick sand of 10cm, then in each ceramic vessel, all pack into four Gus, Mesozoic Deposits, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter in the same ceramic vessel are respectively: 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm;
Second group of sample: the sample of the different-grain diameter that this group is covered by sand for ancient, Mesozoic Deposits, specifically in four ceramic vessel, be respectively charged into the thick sand of 10cm, then in each ceramic vessel, all pack into four Gus, Mesozoic Deposits, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter in the same ceramic vessel are respectively: 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, then the Gu in each ceramic vessel, Mesozoic Deposits cover the thick sand of 10cm respectively.
2, test method
(1) pours water
In the ceramic vessel of 8 samples, fill with simultaneously the water of equivalent, for avoiding water droplet to Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and the structure of sand and the destruction of laying structure thereof, cover filter paper at sample when pouring water, make water can slowly infiltrate uniformly Gu, Mesozoic Deposits, simultaneously, Mesozoic Deposits suction ancient for guaranteeing fully poured water and carried out minutes for 3 times, front twice each ceramic vessel 1500ml that pours water, the 500ml that pours water for the last time, interval 30min pours water at every turn.
(2) sampling
The rear open fire face of pouring water for the last time in each the ceramic vessel beginning timing that disappears respectively at getting Gu, Mesozoic Deposits behind 2h and the 30h in each ceramic vessel, and is measured the water content of getting Gu, Mesozoic Deposits.
(3) result of the test
The water content of the different sample of table 1 middle ancient times, Mesozoic Deposits
By result shown in the table 1 as can be known:
For first group of sample: according to the size of specimen in use volume in field trial experience and this test, ooze substantially under the gravitational water in ancient behind the 2h, the Mesozoic Deposits and stop, water content at this moment can be considered as field capacity, can weigh the moisture holding capacity of sample.Because ancient, that Mesozoic Deposits has physical arrangement is unstable, meet i.e. loose, the structural collapse of water, the characteristics that can cause that its hole situation changes, physical property and hydraulic characteristic change all, behind the 2h, as can be known, particle diameter is that structure was disperseed fully after exposed Gu, the Mesozoic Deposits of 2cm and 3cm poured water through three times from the visual texture of sample; The exposed Gu of particle diameter 4cm, Mesozoic Deposits are met the water rear section and are disperseed, and still can keep physical characteristic ancient, Mesozoic Deposits self, and its water content are higher than the water content that particle diameter is 2cm and 3cm sample; Degree of scatter was lower after the exposed Gu of particle diameter 5cm, Mesozoic Deposits were met water, but because of ancient, Mesozoic Deposits water guide poor performance, caused suction slowly, was difficult to saturatedly in the short time, so moisture content is minimum, only was 26.41%.And then explanation is ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter has preferably moisture holding capacity during less than 4cm.Behind the 30h, particle diameter 2cm is ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits water content is minimum, drops to 3.51%, and along with its water retention property of increase of particle diameter strengthens, when ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter during greater than 3cm, its water retention property is comparatively desirable.
For second group of sample: in ancient, Mesozoic Deposits suction saturation history, husky Gu, the Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter that covers is less, and water content is larger, and the reduction of the water content at same time interval is also larger.Under the covering and parcel of sand, because husky seepage speed is fast, the time that water stops in sand is short, and ancient, Mesozoic Deposits can't reach capacity, and structure is not disperseed yet.The highest behind the sillar moisture content 2h of particle diameter 2cm, be 23.12%, increase along with particle diameter, water content drops to 20.55%, illustrate particle diameter excessive be difficult for saturated, and then be unfavorable for water holding, illustrate in the husky situation about covering that ancient, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter also is to have preferably moisture holding capacity during less than 4cm.Behind the 30h, particle diameter 2cm is ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits water content is minimum, drops to 5.88%, and particle diameter is suitable greater than the moisture content of the Gu of 2cm, Mesozoic Deposits, between 20.30%～20.33%.As seen, under the covering of sand, Gu, Mesozoic Deposits particle diameter are greater than 2cm, and water retention is extremely remarkable.
In sand ground regulation process, after Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand mixed, part was exposed, part is wrapped up in by sand hill and protected, and namely partly the function of Gu, Mesozoic Deposits tends to absorb moisture, and part Gu, Mesozoic Deposits function tend to store moisture.Comprehensive two states analysis, simultaneously from practical standpoint, the mixing particle diameter is that Gu, the Mesozoic Sedimentary sillar of 2cm～4cm are comparatively rational particle size range in sand, the preferred wherein particle size range of 3cm～4cm.
Used Gu, the particle diameter of Mesozoic Deposits are 2cm～4cm in the following process of the test.
(2) physicochemical property test
This test is take the correlation theory index as foundation, the Optimum Experiment of doing so that the physical characteristic of the physical characteristic of sandy soil and soil approaches.
1, prepares sample
Volume ratio take Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand disposed test specimen as 1: 6,1: 5,1: 3,1: 2,1: 1,1: 0.5,1: 0.2, and fully mixed it for subsequent use.
2, test method
Adopt pipette method to measure mechanical composition; Adopt the cylinder impregnating method to measure capillary porosity; Adopt constant head method to measure saturated hydraulic conductivity; It is organic to adopt volumetric analysis to measure, and adopts the total porosity of unit weight calculation sample.
3, result of the test
The soil texture and the physical property of table 2 different ratios of raw materials sandy soil
Soil with good preserve moisture and fertility ability could satisfy the plant growth demand, and for sand ground, quality, water, fertilizer are main limiting factors.The soil texture and soil physical and chemical property are closely related, for this reason by measuring mechanical composition, to obtain arable quality, choose simultaneously saturated hydraulic conductivity and capillary porosity as water holding water retention capacity index, the proportioning of sedimentary rock with sand is optimized as fertility index with organic matter.
According to result shown in the table 2, mechanical composition and soil texture index according to sedimentary rock and husky mixture can be found out, increase along with the Gu in the sand, Mesozoic Deposits addition, grains of sand content in sedimentary rock and the husky mixture constantly reduces, silt content constantly increases, clay content tends towards stability after the mass ratio of Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1: 1, and the soil texture becomes loam, silty loam by sand, sandy loam gradually.Be to adapt to the growth of various crop, in conjunction with the purpose that sand ground is administered, consider simultaneously can prepare sandy loam or loam under the husky susceptible condition in husky base, the proportioning that is about to ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and sand for be controlled at 1: 1～between 1: 5.
As the content of organic matter of fertility index, along with the increase of Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky mixed proportion, organic matter brings up to 0.106% from 0.053%.The organic various nutrients that can provide crop to need; Strengthen preserve moisture and fertility ability and the resiliency of soil; Promote granular structure to form, improve soil physical property; Promote the physiologically active of microorganism and plant etc.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil is that soil is during by water saturation, under the unit water potential gradient, the interior water yield by unit are of unit interval, it is an important parameter of research moisture, solute transfer, supposition soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the flux that calculates soil profile water and design irrigation and drainage system engineering, for certain soil, its saturated hydraulic conductivity is a constant, reflect soil enter to blend seepage character, saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil is too high, and the moisture seepage of the soil body is serious; On the contrary, saturated hydraulic conductivity is excessively low, can affect infiltrating of soil moisture.Saturated hydraulic conductivity and capillary porosity have determined air capacity of soils, permeability and water conservation, the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil.As seen from Table 2, along with increase ancient, the addition of Mesozoic Deposits in sand, sedimentary rock is reduced to 0.07mm/min with the hydraulic conductivity of the husky soil that mixes from 7.10mm/min, and the speed that reduces is from fast to slow.The saturated hydraulic conductivity of sedimentary rock and husky mixture reduces gradually, illustrates that the permeability of sedimentary rock and husky mixture reduces gradually, and after 1: 1 proportioning, variation tends towards stability.As everyone knows, saturated hydraulic conductivity belongs to height greater than 2mm/min and oozes soil, is lower than 0.2mm/min and belongs to hypotonic soil.Therefore, consider from the angle of soil water leakage that sedimentary rock is with husky volume ratio scope of mixing at 1: 5～1: 1 o'clock, this mixed soil does not have the moisture seepage or is unfavorable for the Infiltration phenomenon.
Soil permeability is too high, moisture runs off easily, and permeability is excessively low, also unfavorable growing with crop, general dryland soil ventilating slit (ventilating slit=total porosity-capillary porosity, the total porosity of all test specimens is 47.2%) ratio can not be lower than 10%, and calculate accordingly the proportioning upper limit and be about 1: 1.The capillary pore has determined the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil, and along with the increase of the middle ancient times, Mesozoic Deposits addition in sand, the capillary porosity of sedimentary rock and husky mixture has brought up to 44.94% from 26.33%, illustrates that its preserve moisture and fertility ability increases gradually.On the other hand, capillary porosity should reach 50%～60% of total porosity (total porosity of all test specimens is 47.2%) in the good soil structure, calculates thus the proportioning lower limit and is about 1: 5.
(3) water holding test
Be that Gu, the Mesozoic Deposits of 2-4cm mixes by following volume ratio with sand with the particle diameter after pulverizing: 1: 5,1: 2,1: 1.5,1: 1, dig the sample prescription of 4 2m * 2m size on ground, dark 0.7m, the 40cm of lower floor of each sample prescription loads with husky, and top layer 30cm loads respectively the mixture of sedimentary rock and sand.In each sample prescription, pour water, until sample prescription surface open fire disappears, reach capacity making it.Respectively at rear 6h, 18h, 30h, 42h, 54h, 102h, 294h, 318h, 342h, 390h, 438h, 510h, 606h, 678h, 798h, 894h, 990h, the 1110h of pouring water, gather the water content of different mixing proportion sample.Obtain the moisture variation that different proportion sedimentary rock and husky mixture prolong in time.Simultaneously, dig sample prescription by same standard and pack pure husky 70cm in contrast, measure the moisture variation tendency that its saturated rear pure sand of pouring water prolongs in time.
As can be seen from Figure 1, the rear 6h that pours water, the water content of pure sand is 15.90%, prolongs in time water content and constantly reduces.Water content is reduced to 0.49% when 390h, and then soil moisture content tends towards stability.When moisture loss only was evaporation, the husky water conservation time was no longer than 390h.Sedimentary rock mixes rear 390h with sand, sedimentary rock was respectively 1: 5,1: 1.5,1: 2,1: 1 o'clock with the mixed proportion of sand, and water content is respectively 9.53%, 15.69%, 22.16%, 19.12%, and its moisture content all is far longer than husky water content.The water retention capacity of soil raising behind the mixed deposit rock in the sand is described.1: 5,1: 1.5,1: 2,1: 1 four kinds of mixed proportions total losses amount of soil moisture in 1110h is respectively 13.97%, 12.93%, 8.08%, 13.08%, all less than the moisture loss amount 15.50% of sand, show that sedimentary rock mixes in varing proportions with sand, the moisture capacity of soil all strengthens, moisture evaporation loss rate reduction.Wherein, sedimentary rock was respectively 1: 1.5,1: 2,1: 1 o'clock with the mixed proportion of sand, and its water binding capacity is more stable, and effect is better.Therefore, sneak in sand that moisture content improves behind the sedimentary rock, the soil water-retaining time lengthening, husky water retention capacity is significantly improved.
To sum up, through overtesting and analysis, selecting the proportioning of Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1: 1～1: 5.
Through the analytic explanation of above-mentioned each test, in sand, add after the sedimentary rock, improved the sandy soil quality, improve its moisture holding capacity, and then can improve fertilizer-preserving ability.
Carry out following proportion of crop planting test on the basis of above-mentioned quality, materialization test, support explanation with the technique effect to improved sand.
(4) proportion of crop planting Optimum Experiment
1, the Optimum Experiment of plantation potato in the sand ground of different ratios of raw materials
(1) test region design
According to the requirement of potato to growing environment, Experimental Base is laid five residential quarters, and each residential quarter area is 2m * 2m.Be loess in the test region one, thickness is 70cm; Test region two interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is that the volume ratio of sandy soil Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1: 1, and its thickness is 30cm, and bottom is husky, and its thickness is 40cm; Test region three an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are that 1: 1.5, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand; Test region four an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are that 1: 3, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand; Be husky in the test region five.
(2) plantation
Potato seed method for planting routinely is designed test region plantation potato.Plantation in each test region and final management and maintenance method are identical.The output of the potato of each test region sees Table 3.
Table 3 potato yield
By result shown in the table 3 as can be known: the potato yield of full sand ground is minimum, only has 242kg/ mu.Although the potato yield of loess has reached 517kg/ mu, but be lower than the output of Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky each test region that mixes.Its middle ancient times, Mesozoic Deposits and husky mixed proportion are that the potato yield of 1: 1.5 and 1: 3 has reached respectively 650kg/ mu and 783kg/ mu, show after the above results contrast that volume proportion that potato is adapted at Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is to plant on 1: 1.5～1: 3 the sandy soil, particularly the output on Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and 1: 3 sand ground of sand is higher, near loessland potato yield level, prove in sandy soil and to mix that the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil is improved behind ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits.
2, the Optimum Experiment of plantation wheat in the sandy soil of different ratios of raw materials
(1) test region design
According to the requirement of wheat to growing environment, Experimental Base is laid five residential quarters, and each residential quarter area is 2m * 2m.Be loess in the test region one, thickness is 70cm; Test region two interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is the mixed layer of loess and sand, and loess is 1: 2 with the volume ratio of sand, and its thickness is 30cm, and bottom is husky, and its thickness is 40cm; Test region three an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are that 1: 1, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is sand, and its thickness is 40cm; Test region four an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are that 1: 1.7, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is sand, and its thickness is 40cm; Test region five interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and the volume ratio of its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1: 3, and its thickness is 30cm, and bottom is husky, and its thickness is 40cm.
(2) plantation
Wheat planting method routinely is at designed test region plantation wheat.Implantation methods and final management and maintenance in each test region are identical.The wheat yield of each test region sees Table 4.
Table 4 wheat yield
By result shown in the table 4 as can be known: wheat is at 1 (loess): the output on 2 (sand) is minimum, and 374kg/ mu is only arranged.Be that wheat yield on 1: 1 the sandy soil is suitable in loess and ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio, reached respectively 491 and 402kg/ mu.On Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and 1: 1.7 sandy soil of sand, wheat yield has reached 462kg/ mu, show after the above results contrast that volume proportion that wheat is adapted at Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is to plant on 1: 1.7 the sandy soil, near loessland wheat yield level, prove in sandy soil and to mix that the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil is improved behind ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits.
3, the Optimum Experiment of plantation soybean in the sandy soil of different ratios of raw materials.
(1) test region design
According to the requirement of soybean to growing environment, Experimental Base is laid four residential quarters, and each residential quarter area is 2m * 2m.Be loess in the test region one, thickness is 70cm; Test region two an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits with husky volume ratio are: 1: 1, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand; Test region three an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits with husky volume ratio are: 1: 1.5, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand; Test region four an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits with husky volume ratio are: 1: 3, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand.
(2) plantation
Soybean planting method routinely is designed test region plantation soybean.Implantation methods and final management and maintenance in each test region are identical.The output of the crop of each test region sees Table 5.
Table 5 soybean yields
By result shown in the table 5 as can be known: the output of soybean on loess has reached 333kg/ mu, is that the soybean yields of the sandy soil of 1: 1,1: 1.5 and 1: 3 has reached respectively 192,262 and 265kg/ mu in the volume ratio of ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and sand.The volume ratio of ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is that the soybean yields on the sandy soil of 1: 1.5 and 1: 3 is suitable, show after the above results contrast that volume proportion that soybean is adapted at Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is to plant on 1: 1.5～1: 3 the sandy soil, near loessland soybean yields level, prove in sandy soil and to mix that the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil is improved behind ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits.
4, the Optimum Experiment of maize planting in the sandy soil of different ratios of raw materials
(1) test region design
According to the requirement of corn to growing environment, lay five residential quarters at Experimental Base, each residential quarter area is 2m * 2m.Be loess in the test region one, thickness is 70cm; Test region two an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is loess and husky mixed layer, and loess is 1: 2 with husky volume ratio, and its thickness is 30cm, and bottom is sand, and its thickness is 40cm; Test region three interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and the volume ratio of its Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1: 1, and its thickness is 30cm, and bottom is husky, and its thickness is 40cm; Test region four an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil, and ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are that 1: 1.5, thickness are 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand; Test region five an interior laying layer gross thickness are 70cm, and wherein, the upper strata is sandy soil middle ancient times, Mesozoic Deposits with husky volume ratio is 1: 3, and its thickness is 30cm, and bottom is 40cm for its thickness of sand.
(2) plantation
Corn planting method routinely is at designed test region maize planting.Implantation methods and final management and maintenance in each test region are identical.The output of the corn of each test region sees Table 6.
Table 6 corn yield
By result shown in the table 6 as can be known: corn is at 1 (loess): the output on 2 (sand) is minimum, only has 383kg/ mu.Corn yield on loess and ancient, 1: 1 the sandy soil of Mesozoic Deposits and sand is suitable, is respectively 512 and 500kg/ mu.On Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and 1: 1.5 sandy soil of sand, corn yield has reached 574kg/ mu, show after the above results contrast that corn is adapted at planting on the sandy soil of this mixed proportion, near the loessland yield levels of maize, prove in sandy soil and to mix that the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil is improved behind ancient, the Mesozoic Deposits.
Below be the embodiment that the applicant provides, so that technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
(5) plantation embodiment
Choose 6 plots of sand grounds that are of a size of 5m * 12m size at Mu Us Shadi, sand ground is put in order smooth; Gu, Mesozoic Deposits are pulverized; The Gu after 6 smooth good sand grounds tilings are pulverized respectively, Mesozoic Deposits, 6 sand ground middle ancient times, Mesozoic Deposits thickness is respectively 15cm, 15cm, 12cm, 12cm, 7.5cm, 7.5cm, mode by mechanical rotary tillage is with Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and husky fully mixing, the gross thickness of rotary tillage is 30cm, obtain respectively the upper strata for ancient, the sandy soil ground of the composite bed of Mesozoic Deposits and sand, the composite bed middle ancient times on 6 sandy soil ground, Mesozoic Deposits was respectively 1: 1 with the volume ratio of sand, 1: 1,1: 1.5,1: 1.5,1: 3,1: 3 sandy soil ground, 6 sand ground middle ancient times, the particle diameter of Mesozoic Deposits is respectively 2cm-4cm, 3cm-4cm, 2cm-4cm, 3cm-4cm, 2cm-4cm, 3cm-4cm.Means are planted wheat routinely on every sand ground layer, simultaneously, press the sand ground of same size, use the same method and sneak into the loess transformation as a check experiment, loess: husky volume ratio is 1: 2, and the loess in the test picks up from the Suide County, Yulin, and the plantation scheme is as follows:
The kind plant scheme of table 7 embodiment
Output such as table 8 after each embodiment plantation:
The crop yield of table 8 embodiment
As can be seen from Table 8, the output of improved sand ground plantation wheat is all greater than the output of loess and husky composite soil.
The measurement result of the content of organic matter is as shown in table 9:
Table 930cm topsoil soils is planted the content of organic matter (%) behind two harvest wheats
As seen from Table 9, in the process of plantation two harvest wheats, through the improved sand ground content of organic matter of sedimentary rock in continuous rising, and greater than the content of organic matter of concurrent control group.To sum up, the present invention has improved the quality of sand ground by add sedimentary rock in sand ground, has improved the water retention property of sand ground, and then has reached the purpose that improves the sand ground fertilizer conservation.From suppressing the liquid manure loss and improving the fertilizer-preserving ability that the soil texture two aspects improve sand ground, realized suiting measures to local conditions, turning bane into boon, improved sand ground has preferably preserve moisture and fertility performance, the soil texture can be by sand-sandy loam-loam-powder earth improvement, solve the sand ground Lou fertile problem of leaking, realized gathering materials on the spot local use, suit measures to local conditions, change harmful to treasure.
Claims (3)
1. the fertilizer conservation method of a sand ground is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Sand ground is put in order smooth; Gu, Mesozoic Deposits are pulverized; Gu, Mesozoic Deposits after pulverizing are tiled in sandy land surface; Mode by mechanical rotary tillage is with Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and huskyly fully mix, and obtains the thick Gu of 30cm, Mesozoic Deposits and husky composite bed, and in the thick composite bed of this 30cm, ancient, Mesozoic Deposits and husky volume ratio are 1:(1～5); Particle diameter was 2cm～4cm after described Gu, Mesozoic Deposits were pulverized.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter after described Gu, Mesozoic Deposits are pulverized is 3cm～4cm.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the volume ratio of described Gu, Mesozoic Deposits and sand is 1:(1～3).
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