CN102405340B - 利用来自气化器的合成气的方法 - Google Patents

利用来自气化器的合成气的方法 Download PDF

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CN102405340B
CN102405340B CN200980151734.7A CN200980151734A CN102405340B CN 102405340 B CN102405340 B CN 102405340B CN 200980151734 A CN200980151734 A CN 200980151734A CN 102405340 B CN102405340 B CN 102405340B
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D·帕沃内
R·亚伯拉罕
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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    • F01K23/068—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification in combination with an oxygen producing plant, e.g. an air separation plant
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
    • F02C3/28—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
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    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
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    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Abstract

来自气化器的合成气(H2+CO)应以较为经济和较为优化的方式利用，尤其是用于发电，其中同时应将所产生的CO2输送给储存装置。这是这样来实现的，即，-使合成气(H2+CO)及来自空气分离设备的氧气(O2)在燃烧器中燃烧，然后通过燃气涡轮机(在驱动发电机的情况下)减压；-分离废气流中的CO2，并将其输送给由燃气涡轮机驱动的压缩机；-将经压缩的CO2输送给CO2储存装置。

Description

利用来自气化器的合成气的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用来自气化器的合成气（H2+CO）的方法。
背景技术
在使用化石燃料时不可避免地会产生CO2。为了实现不必在这种燃烧过程中将其排放到大气中，已经试图分离并储存CO2。
RWE AG公司的出版物“IGCC-CCS-Kraftwerk”中记载了一种大规模分离CO2的方案，其中“IGCC”系表示Integrated GasificationCombined Cycle（整体气化联合循环）（整体煤气化联合发电设备）。缩写“CCS”系表示“Carbon Capture and Storage（碳捕捉及储存）”。
在所述的方法中将煤的气化与CO2的分离相组合，并在设置在下游的燃气及蒸汽涡轮机产生电流。这里煤首先在气化器中在高温下在约35bar的高压下转化成主要成分是CO及H2的可燃的原气。对该气体进行净化，一氧化碳借助于水蒸汽在一氧化碳转化系统（CO-Shift）中转化成CO2及H2O。在脱硫后分离、压缩CO2，并将其输送给储存装置，剩余的氢在驱动发电机发电的燃气涡轮机中燃烧。
发明内容
本发明的出发点同样是气化燃料以产生合成气，其中这里包括所有形式的气化。这里，这种合成气应以经济和优化的方式被利用，尤其是用于发电，其中此时应同时将所产生的CO2输送给储存装置。
根据本发明利用开头所述类型的方法这样来实现所述目的：
-使来合成气（H2+CO）及自空气分离设备的氧气（O2）在燃烧器中燃烧，然后通过燃气涡轮机（在驱动发电机的情况下）减压；
-分离废气流中的CO2，并将其输送给由燃气涡轮机驱动的压缩机；
-将经压缩的CO2输送给CO2储存装置。
本发明以简单的方式通过合成气的燃烧利用了用压力对CO2气流进行的直接的单级或两级的压缩，使得必要时在进一步压缩之后能够储存CO2。
在US 5 724 805中已知一种方法，其中主要将液态CO2汇集在一储箱中。这里在废热蒸汽发生器之后在燃气涡轮机的无压力侧实现输送给分离处理的CO2提取。因此用于分离全部的压缩功率必须单独地产生，而在本发明中如前面所述通过燃气涡轮机本身的压缩机进行预压缩。由此这里充分利用了燃气涡轮机的全部压缩功率。不发生CO2的液化。
由各从属权利要求得出本发明的各实施方式。这里可以设定，将经压缩的CO2气体的一部分供应燃烧器，以进行温度控制。
将经压缩的CO2气体输入到通向燃烧器的气流中可以在不同的位置进行。可以直接输入到供应给燃烧器的合成气流中，也可以输入到供应给燃烧器的、来自空气分离机的氧气流中。
根据本发明的方法的另一个优化方案在于，来自燃气涡轮机的废气流经由一热交换器提取用于蒸汽涡轮机的运行的热量，其中该蒸汽涡轮机能用于区段发电机。
另一个实施方式在于，对于离开燃气涡轮机的气流进行CO2及水蒸汽的分离，使得纯的CO2加载与燃气涡轮机连接的压缩机。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征、细节以及优点参考根据本发明的设备的原理图由下面说明的实施例得出。
具体实施方式
除了添加物2以外，还将总体上用1标识的燃料供应给研磨及干燥装置和压缩腔，所述研磨及干燥装置和压缩腔用3标注。其中燃料1可以是泥煤、石煤、褐煤、生物物质、石油焦、油砂、奥里乳油、经过处理的垃圾或类似物质。这些燃料接着和来自空气分离设备6的氧气（管线5）一起输送给气化设备4，其中例如氮气经由管线7输送给研磨及干燥与压缩区3。
来自气化设备4的原气首先导入用于对气体进行除尘的骤冷步骤（Quench）4a。这里除了粉尘同时还可以将几乎全部的氨及氰化氢、以及部分的硫化氢洗出。产物接着进入下面的CO2转化步骤4b，其中此步骤用于提高合成气温度、将COS转化成H2S、以及将HCN转化成NH3及CO。已知有例如高温转化、中温转化及低温转化，这里也可以使用其它方法。在所示实施例中，转化4b后面接着进行水解步骤4c，用于去除氧硫化碳。这里存在于气体中的用水和其他常见溶剂难以洗出的氧硫化碳通过催化水解转化为硫化氢，其中氧硫化碳在气相中与水蒸汽按以下反应式发生反应：COS+H2O→H2S+CO2。
最后还进行H2S洗涤8，这里存在于气体中的硫化氢用选择性作用的洗涤溶液吸附式地洗出。这里应注意，也可以考虑采用其他H2S分离的可能方案，例如高温干燥脱硫法。
在这些处理步骤之后气体已具有足够的纯度，从而能输送给燃气涡轮机10的用9标识的燃烧室。
如原理连线图中所示，也经由管线11将来自空气分离机6的氧气供应给燃烧室9。
燃气涡轮机10不只连接产生电流的发电机12，还连接气体压缩机13，所述气体压缩机压缩按管线14的离开燃气涡轮机的气体，其中根据本发明所述气体压缩机是CO2压缩机。离开燃气涡轮机10的废气被引导经过用于产生蒸汽的热交换器15，其中所产生的蒸汽被输送另一个具有用于产生电流的发电机17的燃气涡轮机16。
气流14在热交换器15之后接着被引导经过总体上用18表示的CO2/水蒸汽分离装置。离开CO2压缩机13的CO2经由管线19被引导至CO2储存装置，这用管线20表示。
图中还示出，离开CO2压缩机13的CO2也可以部分地输送给燃烧室，用于燃烧室9内的温度调节，可以根据箭头21的路线输送合成气流，或经由管线22输送给来自空气分离机的O2流11。
当然所述实施例也可以在多方面进行改动，而不会偏离基本构思。因此如上所述，可以使用任何类型的气化器，在CO转化区域可能还可以设置气体/气体热交换器，以达到水解所需的温度等。

Claims (3)

1.一种利用来自气化器的合成气(H2+CO)的方法，其特征为：
-来自气化设备(4)的原气首先导入骤冷步骤(4a)，接着进入CO2转化步骤(4b)；
-使合成气(H2+CO)及来自空气分离设备(6)的氧气(O2)在燃烧器(9)中燃烧，然后通过燃气涡轮机(10)在驱动发电机的情况下减压；
-分离废气流中的CO2，并将其输送给由燃气涡轮机(10)驱动的压缩机(13)；
-将经压缩的CO2输送给CO2储存装置，并且
-将经压缩的CO2气体的一部分气体输送给燃烧器(9)，以用于温度控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征为：使经压缩的CO2气体的所述部分气体在燃烧器(9)之前输送给合成气流(21)或来自空气分离设备(6)的O2流(11)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征为：通过热交换器(15)从来自燃气涡轮机(10)的废气流中提取热量用于带有发电机的蒸汽涡轮机的运行。
CN200980151734.7A 2008-12-23 2009-12-11 利用来自气化器的合成气的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102405340B (zh)

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KR20180044377A (ko) 2015-09-01 2018-05-02 8 리버스 캐피탈, 엘엘씨 내포된 이산화탄소(co2) 사이클들을 이용하는 동력 생산을 위한 시스템들 및 방법들
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CA2745227C (en) 2016-07-12
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US20110248513A1 (en) 2011-10-13
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