CN102403766B - Super capacitor charging method and system for realizing same - Google Patents
Super capacitor charging method and system for realizing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102403766B CN102403766B CN201110371029.7A CN201110371029A CN102403766B CN 102403766 B CN102403766 B CN 102403766B CN 201110371029 A CN201110371029 A CN 201110371029A CN 102403766 B CN102403766 B CN 102403766B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super capacitor charging method and a system for realizing same. Matching between a load impedance of a charging power supply and a lower output impedance of a super capacitor is realized by a step of charging a buffer capacitor C2 by using a controller to change switch statuses of electronic switches M1 and M2 when detecting that a voltage of the buffer capacitor C2 is lower than a charging voltage of the super capacitor C1, and a step of charging the super capacitor C1 by using the controller again to change switch statuses of the electronic switches M1 and M2 when detecting that the voltage of the buffer capacitor C2 is increased to the charging voltage of the super capacitor C1. By using the above technical scheme, the aim of charging the super capacitor can be fulfilled with only few devices, the loss is low, the power efficiency is higher, and the voltage and energy of the super capacitor can be monitored to realize safety protection of the super capacitor in the charging process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to adopt all kinds voltage plane to the charging method of super capacitor and realize system.
Background technology
Super capacitor is as a kind of energy storage device of superelevation cycle life, its application advantage is very obvious, but because the charge characteristic of super capacitor is not identical with any chemical cell, mostly adopt current constant mode to realize for the charging of most of super capacitors at present.But in some applications because power supply is limited to, for example, in the time that power is especially little, the loss of constant-current circuit may just be greater than the power output of power supply.Meanwhile, for some low power application, because the cost compare of constant-current circuit is high, the cost of application will be improved greatly.And for the unsettled renewable power supply of some power outputs, such as solar cell, wind-driven generator etc., owing to changing greatly at super capacitor charging process middle impedance, and the variation of super capacitor input impedance will cause the variation of charge power, and these are subject to the regenerative resource of environmental limitations, can not reach the power meeting in the whole charging process of super capacitor and change, therefore adopt current constant mode charging to cause the reduction of renewable energy system usefulness.Thereby at present taking solar energy in main regenerative resource application product, conventionally all adopts the mode of directly parallel connection to use super capacitor.
But directly parallel connection still will cause the reduction of energy efficiency, and the loss of super capacitor efficiency for charge-discharge.Taking solar energy power generating as example, the impact that is subject to load impedance due to the output voltage of PV is very large, and the output impedance of super capacitor is low especially, and along with energy storage capacity is changing constantly.Simultaneously the rated operational voltage of super capacitor and high-breakdown-voltage are very approaching, and the two does not mate completely.In the time that super capacitor energy-storage is lower, the effective output of PV can reduce, and to super capacitor energy-storage when higher, the effective output of PV raises, and directly causes output voltage to raise, and has again the risk that exceedes super capacitor puncture voltage.Therefore the charging method of the direct super capacitor in parallel of solar cell, exists problems equally, and the efficiency of system is significantly reduced, and PV long-term work simultaneously, under low delivery efficiency state, will make its life-span significantly reduce.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of super capacitor charging method and realize system, to improve the stability of output power of power supply and efficiency.
The object of charging method of the present invention will be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of super capacitor charging method, for mating the load impedance of super capacitor as power supply, comprising:
Voltage detecting step, detects the voltage of power supply test point S3, buffer capacitor C2 test point S2 and super capacitor C1 test point S1 as the input signal of controller;
Buffer capacitor C2 charge step, power supply and capacitor C 3 are charged to buffer capacitor C2 in the lump;
Super capacitor C1 charge step, buffer capacitor C2 charges to super capacitor C1;
Step is controlled in charging, the voltage that judges buffer capacitor C2 according to input signal controller is during lower than the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, keep electronic switch M1 to be and turn-off shape execution buffer capacitor C2 charge step, and while judging that according to input signal controller the voltage of buffer capacitor C2 rises to the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, turn-off electronic switch M2 and connect electronic switch M1 and carry out super capacitor C1 charge step.
Further, in super capacitor C1 charge step, the low spot of the voltage of power supply test point S3 within the scope of power supply rated output voltage, turn-offs power supply under electronic switch M2 capacitor C 3 complementary energy is charged.
Further, when capacitor C 3 reaches electric power output voltage, the afterflow inductance L 1 of power output end continues charging in short-term to capacitor C 3.
Further, the make-and-break time of electronic switch M2 and frequency are associated with capacitor C 3 charging and electric discharge complete the moment.
To should charging method, the invention provides a kind of super capacitor charging and realize system, comprise controller, power supply and the capacitor C 3, buffer capacitor C2 and the super capacitor C1 that are in parallel with power supply, and between the positive pole of described power output end and capacitor C 3, be provided with afterflow inductance L 1, between capacitor C 3 and buffer capacitor C2, be provided with electronic switch M2, between buffer capacitor C2 and super capacitor C1, be provided with electronic switch M1; Each capacitance cathode is made as voltage detecting point, and input is connected to controller, and two output control terminals of controller are connected with electronic switch M2 with electronic switch M1 respectively.
The object of charging method of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of super capacitor charging method, for mating the load impedance of super capacitor as power supply, comprising:
Voltage detecting step, detects the voltage of power supply test point S3 and super capacitor C1 test point S1 as the input signal of controller;
Capacitor C 3 charge step, power supply continues capacitor C 3 to charge;
Super capacitor C1 charge step, capacitor C 3 is charged to super capacitor C1;
Step is controlled in charging, the voltage that judges capacitor C 3 according to input signal controller is during lower than the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, carry out capacitor C 3 charge step and keep electronic switch M1 to be and turn-off shape wait, and while rising to the charging voltage of super capacitor C1 according to the voltage that input signal controller is sentenced capacitor C 3, connect electronic switch M1 and carry out super capacitor C1 charge step.
To should charging method, the invention provides a kind of super capacitor charging and realize system, comprise controller, power supply and the capacitor C 3 and the super capacitor C1 that are in parallel with power supply, and be provided with electronic switch M1 between capacitor C 3 and super capacitor C1; Each capacitance cathode is made as voltage detecting point, and input is connected to controller, and an output control terminal of controller is connected with electronic switch M1.
Charging method of the present invention and realize the application of system; its outstanding effect is: adopt the few device of quantity can reach the object to super capacitor charging; avoid because impedance mismatch causes power supply to damage or the problem of decrease in efficiency; and loss is low; power-efficient is higher, can monitor and realize the safeguard protection to super capacitor to the electric energy that is filled with of super capacitor.Be particularly suitable for some super capacitor charging application by small-power power or the higher Power supply of output impedance.
Below just accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments, is described in further detail the specific embodiment of the present invention, so that technical solution of the present invention is easier to understand, grasp.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the charge structural representation of the system that realizes one preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the first charge circuit isoboles that shown in Fig. 1, charging realizes system;
Fig. 3 is the second charge circuit isoboles that shown in Fig. 1, charging realizes system;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention charges and realizes the structural representation of another embodiment of system;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention charges and realizes the structural representation of the another embodiment of system;
Fig. 6 is the equivalent structure schematic diagram of Fig. 5.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of super capacitor charging system of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, comprise controller, power supply and the capacitor C 3, buffer capacitor C2 and the super capacitor C1 that are in parallel with power supply, and between the positive pole of power output end and capacitor C 3, be provided with afterflow inductance L 1, between capacitor C 3 and buffer capacitor C2, be provided with electronic switch M2, between buffer capacitor C2 and super capacitor C1, be provided with electronic switch M1; Each capacitance cathode is made as voltage detecting point, and input is connected to controller, and two output control terminals of controller are connected with electronic switch M2 with electronic switch M1 respectively.
The super capacitor charging method of the present embodiment, for mating the load impedance of super capacitor as power supply, comprising:
Voltage detecting step, detects the voltage of power supply test point S3, buffer capacitor C2 test point S2 and super capacitor C1 test point S1 as the input signal of controller;
Buffer capacitor C2 charge step, power supply and capacitor C 3 are charged to buffer capacitor C2 in the lump; It is large that the load of power supply becomes, and output voltage reduces immediately, and along with continuing of capacitor C 2 charging processes, electric power output voltage rises gradually.Because the capacity of capacitor C 2 is very little, the fluctuation of power supply is less, and the time is very short, and the delivery efficiency of power supply keeps higher state; The effect of capacitor C 3 can provide extra electric current when capacitor C 2 is charged, thereby can reduce the fluctuation of output power of power supply, improves the stability of power supply output; Controller, by controlling the break-make of electronic switch M2, is realized the charging of power supply to C2, the magnitude of voltage that ensures voltage test points S3 in whole process is not less than all the time to the rated output voltage scope of power supply simultaneously.
Super capacitor C1 charge step, buffer capacitor C2 charges to super capacitor C1; The low spot of the voltage of power supply test point S3 within the scope of power supply rated output voltage, turn-offs power supply under electronic switch M2 capacitor C 3 complementary energy is charged; When capacitor C 3 reaches electric power output voltage, the afterflow inductance L 1 of power output end continues charging in short-term to capacitor C 3.Charging and electric discharge that the make-and-break time of electronic switch M2 and frequency are associated with capacitor C 3 complete the moment;
Step is controlled in charging, the voltage that judges buffer capacitor C2 according to input signal controller is during lower than the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, keep electronic switch M1 to turn-off and connect electronic switch M2 and carry out buffer capacitor C2 charge step, and while judging that according to input signal controller the voltage of buffer capacitor C2 rises to the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, turn-off electronic switch M2 and connect electronic switch M1 and carry out super capacitor C1 charge step, now, the magnitude of voltage of voltage test points S3 is in minimum point, but still within the scope of power supply rated output voltage.
Connect at electronic switch M1, under the state that electronic switch M2 disconnects, there are two charging processes in system, and isoboles as shown in Figures 2 and 3, forms the first charge circuit and the second charge circuit.Because the intention of the present embodiment is to realize super capacitor C1 is charged under the power output of power supply and efficiency term ensureing, in second loop, the discharging efficiency of capacitor C 2 can not affect the efficiency of whole system, therefore, control will be carried out based on first loop, to ensure that power supply carries out all the time under rated output power or peak power output condition.
Variation by capacitor C 3 voltages and time can calculate the real output of power supply:
, wherein C is capacitor C 3 capacitances, Umax and Umin are respectively the minimum and maximum voltage of capacitor C 3, when maximum voltage occurs in capacitor C 3 and has charged, be before electronic switch M2 connects, when minimum voltage occurs in capacitor C 3 and discharge, i.e. electronic switch M2 disconnection moment.T is 3 charging intervals of capacitor C, and electronic switch M2 disconnects the time of process.Thereby control the make-and-break time of electronic switch M2 and frequency and can realize the control of power supply real output.
In charging process due to the present embodiment, power supply and super capacitor C1 are isolated, mutually, there is not the problem of impedance outfit and power match, because super capacitor C1 has very little input impedance, and its maximum charging current all will be greater than the maximum output current of power supply conventionally, the method has been avoided because impedance mismatch causes power supply to damage or the problem of decrease in efficiency, the more efficiently PV of making and super capacitor C1 performance is brought into play simultaneously.Three voltage test points in simultaneity factor, can monitoring system in the operating voltage situation of change, particularly voltage test points S1 of each link, can monitor super capacitor C1 change in voltage, thereby ensure the reliably working of super capacitor.In the time that super capacitor C1 is full of, system can stop charging process, and because the self discharge of use or super capacitor C1 causes after loss, system boost charge immediately, thus realize float charging function.Meanwhile, because charging process each time all only has a small amount of electric energy to be charged super capacitor C1, and the voltage of super capacitor C1 is all the time in slave mode, therefore, can ensure that super capacitor C1 charges under the charging voltage of safety.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment can not affect the power supply of usefulness for some normal power supplies or reduction power output, because the long time of needs just can complete supplementing of capacitor C 3, and low power output can not affect power supply efficiency, therefore, no longer need afterflow inductance, can ensure to make full use of again the effective output of power supply, can no longer need in this case inductance L 1 to carry out afterflow, as shown in Figure 4, charging system and method thereof are consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is for the larger normal power supplies of power for super capacitor capacity, or the especially little super capacitor of some configurations, and the relative larger power supply of short circuit current ability to bear.Because charging interval is long especially, (refer to capacitor C 2 to charge, a charging interval is long, mean that power supply needs work for a long time under peak power output, thereby the efficiency of power supply is higher.And because power supply peak power output is very little, so need just can reach for a long time the requirement to super capacitor C1 charging, and super capacitor C1 charging rate is very fast, almost can complete the transfer of electric energy from electric capacity to super capacitor in moment, therefore, if power supply reduces usefulness within this time, the time accounting for is than very little, almost the usefulness of power supply is not affected), and the recharging of super capacitor C1 was just occurred once through the longer time interval, electronic switch M2 needs the long-time guarantee systemic-function of connecting, now isoboles as shown in Figure 5, because electronic switch M2 is equivalent to be communicated with all the time, and voltage test points S3 voltage test points S2 is without any difference, capacitor C 2 and capacitor C 3 all fours parallel operations, therefore, the present embodiment can be simplified as shown in Figure 6, comprise controller, power supply and the capacitor C 3 and the super capacitor C1 that are in parallel with power supply, and be provided with electronic switch M1 between capacitor C 3 and super capacitor C1, each capacitance cathode is made as voltage detecting point, and input is connected to controller, and an output control terminal of controller is connected with electronic switch M1.
The super capacitor charging method of the present embodiment, comprising:
Voltage detecting step, detects the voltage of power supply test point S3 and super capacitor C1 test point S1 as the input signal of controller;
Capacitor C 3 charge step, power supply continues capacitor C 3 to charge;
Super capacitor C1 charge step, capacitor C 3 is charged to super capacitor C1;
Step is controlled in charging, the voltage that judges capacitor C 3 according to input signal controller is during lower than the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, carry out capacitor C 3 charge step and keep electronic switch M1 to be and turn-off shape wait, and while rising to the charging voltage of super capacitor C1 according to the voltage that input signal controller is sentenced capacitor C 3, connect electronic switch M1 and carry out super capacitor C1 charge step.
The application structure of the present embodiment is particularly suitable for Application of Solar Energy, because solar power generation time normal condition exceedes 10 hours, and the super capacitor charging interval in minute, therefore, in Application of Solar Energy, this structure can ideally meet characteristic of solar cell and supercapacitor properties approaching simultaneously.
In sum, power in the present invention, power supply performance characteristics, capacitor C 2 capacity, capacitor C 3 capacity, super capacitor C1 capacity have very important effect for which kind of adopts specifically implement structure, the present invention can form different application examples according to different application demands, cost demand, in the situation that high energy efficiency realizes super capacitor charging, can take into account the requirement of cost and cost performance.
The present invention still has numerous embodiments, and all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation and all technical schemes of forming, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a super capacitor charging method, for mating the load impedance of super capacitor as power supply, is characterized in that comprising:
Voltage detecting step, detects the voltage of power supply test point S3, buffer capacitor C2 test point S2 and super capacitor C1 test point S1 as the input signal of controller;
Buffer capacitor C2 charge step, power supply and capacitor C 3 are charged to buffer capacitor C2 in the lump;
Super capacitor C1 charge step, buffer capacitor C2 charges to super capacitor C1;
Step is controlled in charging, and in super capacitor C1 charge step, the low spot of the voltage of power supply test point S3 within the scope of power supply rated output voltage, turn-offs power supply under electronic switch M2 capacitor C 3 complementary energy are charged; When capacitor C 3 reaches electric power output voltage, the afterflow inductance L 1 of power output end continues charging in short-term to capacitor C 3; Charging and electric discharge that the make-and-break time of electronic switch M2 and frequency are associated with capacitor C 3 complete the moment; The voltage that judges buffer capacitor C2 according to input signal controller is during lower than the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, keep electronic switch M1 to turn-off and connect electronic switch M2 and carry out buffer capacitor C2 charge step, and while judging that according to input signal controller the voltage of buffer capacitor C2 rises to the charging voltage of super capacitor C1, turn-off electronic switch M2 and connect electronic switch M1 and carry out super capacitor C1 charge step.
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| CN104795859B (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2017-11-21 | 国网上海市电力公司 | A kind of super capacitor invariable power charge management circuit |
| CN111552340A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-18 | 深圳市博实结科技有限公司 | Current control circuit and device |
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| CN102157975A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 江苏大学 | Intelligent charging system of lead acid batteries and charging method |
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| US20080093921A1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-04-24 | Cto Solutions Inc. | Device for actuating shoe brakes, particularly for rail or tram vehicles |
| FR2957452B1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2012-08-31 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | ELECTRIC SWITCH WITH PYROTECHNIC ACTUATION |
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| CN101022225A (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-22 | 黄允成 | Solar cell system and charging method thereof |
| CN102157975A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 江苏大学 | Intelligent charging system of lead acid batteries and charging method |
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| 混合动力汽车超级电容充电器的研制;马鹏宇等;《汽车工程》;20100612;第32卷(第4期);356-358 * |
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