CN110445205B - DC power supply balance management system and control method - Google Patents
DC power supply balance management system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110445205B CN110445205B CN201910683750.6A CN201910683750A CN110445205B CN 110445205 B CN110445205 B CN 110445205B CN 201910683750 A CN201910683750 A CN 201910683750A CN 110445205 B CN110445205 B CN 110445205B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct-current power supply balance management system and a control method. The acquisition module is used for accurately acquiring the voltage, the current and the temperature of the direct-current power supply, and the operation processing module and the control module are used for controlling the start and stop of the equalization module to realize closed-loop voltage control of the direct-current power supply. The balancing module comprises a main control module and a slave control module, wherein the main control module completes voltage balancing among battery packs, and the slave control module completes single voltage balancing. The control module comprises a comparison link, a delay link and an interlocking link, so that the problems of frequent switching and simultaneous working between the boosting mode and the step-down mode can be avoided. The invention can realize the voltage balance among the monomers in the normal operation process of the direct-current power supply, can still stabilize the output voltage of the power supply when the monomers have open-circuit faults, and provides guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the direct-current power supply of a transformer substation, the power supply for an electric automobile and the UPS standby power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power supply equalization, and relates to a direct-current power supply equalization management system and a control method.
Background
At present, the demands of all communities on direct current power supplies, such as lithium battery packs in electric automobiles, lead-acid direct current power supplies in substations, UPS standby power supplies and the like, are rapidly increasing. Taking a direct current power supply system of a transformer substation as an example, the direct current power supply system of the transformer substation mainly comprises a lead-acid battery, the lead-acid battery is acidic due to the battery components, and a battery core is often broken due to aging and acidic corrosion, so that the whole direct current power supply fails due to disconnection, the carrying capacity is lost, the failure rate and the maintenance cost of the direct current system of the transformer substation are improved, and the operation reliability of the transformer substation is reduced. On the other hand, because of the inconsistency among the monomers of the direct current power supply, the inconsistency is further aggravated due to long-term operation, the capacity of the direct current power supply is rapidly reduced, and meanwhile, the load carrying capacity and the service life of the direct current power supply are greatly reduced.
The current balancing management system for the direct current power supply mainly comprises an active balancing mode and a passive balancing mode, wherein the passive balancing mode has lower cost, simple principle and easy realization, but has poorer stability and higher consumption on the electric energy of the power supply. The active equalization mode is to perform voltage equalization among monomers through an energy storage element such as a buck-boost circuit or a capacitor, an inductor and the like, but the active equalization mode mainly has the following problems:
(1) The voltage at two ends of the battery core can be balanced only under the normal operation condition, and the problem that the voltage of the direct current power supply of the transformer substation is lost due to faults such as battery core fracture can not be solved;
(2) The energy can be moved only through the adjacent battery cells, and when the inconsistency among the direct current power supply cells is strong, the voltage equalization effect is poor;
(3) The control method of the equalization system has the problem that misoperation or frequent switching of voltage boosting and voltage reducing are easily caused by disturbance.
Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a direct current power supply balance management system and a control method, which are suitable for storage battery direct current power supplies of various materials, can realize voltage balance among all monomers in the normal operation process of the direct current power supply, can still stabilize the output voltage of the power supply when the monomers have open-circuit faults, and provide guarantee for safe and stable operation of the direct current power supply of a transformer substation, the power supply for an electric automobile and a standby power supply.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dc power balance management system, comprising:
DC power supply: for powering the whole system;
connected in turn
And the acquisition module is used for: the device is used for sampling the balance current, terminal voltage and temperature of each single body of the direct current power supply;
and an equalization module: the energy balancing circuit is used for forming a direct current power supply balance energy path;
and the control module is used for: the switching device is used for controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the switching device in the equalization module to realize an equalization control strategy;
the operation processing module: and the method is used for calculating the sampling data and comparing and judging.
In the above-mentioned dc power supply equalization management system, the collection module includes a high-range current sensor, a dc power supply voltage monomer collection module, and a temperature sensor, where the range of the high-range current sensor is set according to the maximum equalization current when the dc power supply is disconnected.
In the above-mentioned dc power balance management system, the dc power battery core includes a lead-acid storage battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary lithium battery; the direct current power supply is divided into N modules, and each module comprises N battery monomers; and N modules of the direct current power supply form a series loop to supply power to a load.
In the above-mentioned system for equalizing management of dc power supply, the equalizing module includes: the system comprises a main control module and a plurality of slave control modules;
the master control module and the slave control module are connected in parallel with the two ends of the direct current power supply, wherein the master control module is connected in parallel with the two ends of each module and used for balancing the voltage among the modules; the slave control module is connected in parallel with two ends of each battery cell and used for balancing the voltage among the cells; the master control and the slave control have no connection relation;
the main control module comprises N BUCK-BOOST BUCK-BOOST circuits formed by a high-power switch device and diodes, wherein the diodes are in anti-parallel connection with two ends of the high-power switch device, two ends of each BUCK-BOOST circuit are respectively and parallelly connected with two ends of two adjacent battery modules, and voltage equalization is performed through energy flow among N groups of adjacent battery modules;
the slave control module comprises n-1 paths of equalization circuits, each path of equalization circuit comprises 2 high-power switching devices and 2 low-conduction voltage drop Schottky diodes, wherein the diodes are in antiparallel connection with two ends of the high-power switching devices; and two ends of the equalizing circuit are respectively connected with two ends of the battery cell and the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus.
The control method of the direct current power supply balance management system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the operation processing module calculates the average value of the voltages of each group of the N groups of battery packs and inputs the average value into the control module, and the control module comprises;
and (3) comparison: subtracting the average voltage of each group from the voltage of a battery cell at one end of a corresponding slave control equalizing circuit, comparing the difference value of the average voltage and the voltage with a set equalizing error threshold value, and inputting a number 1 into a delay link if the difference value is larger than the set threshold value; if the value is smaller than the set threshold value, inputting a number 0 into a delay link;
delay link: judging according to the number obtained by the comparison link by setting a delay which is larger than the switching period of the high-power switching tube, and starting an equalization circuit to perform voltage equalization on corresponding battery cells if the comparison link continuously inputs the number 1, which indicates that the system state is in a set delay time range, wherein the battery cells and the direct current bus form a bidirectional energy path through an equalization module; if the conditions are not met, the equalization circuit is not started;
interlocking link: and the power switch tube is complementarily controlled, so that the equalizing circuit only works in a boosting mode when the single body is under-voltage, and only works in a depressurization mode when the single body is under-voltage.
In the invention, the direct-current power supply balance management system comprises an operation voltage balance mode and a fault balance mode, and can perform stable and balanced output voltage under the fault condition that the direct-current power supply is singly disconnected.
The invention has the advantages that: the voltage balance among the monomers in the normal operation process of the direct-current power supply can be realized, the output voltage of the power supply can be still stabilized when the monomers have open-circuit faults, and the guarantee is provided for the safe and stable operation of the direct-current power supply of the transformer substation, the power supply for the electric automobile and the UPS standby power supply.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an equalization module according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a main control module of an equalization module according to the present invention.
Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of an equalization module slave according to the present invention.
Fig. 4b is a schematic circuit diagram of an equalization module slave module according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a control block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which a dc power supply formed by connecting 24 lead-acid battery cells of 48v,100ah in series is taken as an example, and a dc power supply equalization management system and control method disclosed in the present invention are described in detail.
Please refer to fig. 1, the dc power source may be a lead-acid battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or a ternary lithium battery, and is not limited to the above-mentioned battery. The acquisition module can realize the accurate acquisition of the total voltage, the total current, the multipoint temperature and the voltages at two ends of the single bodies of the direct current power supply, one end of the acquisition module is respectively and electrically connected with each single body of the direct current power supply, the other end of the acquisition module is electrically connected with the operation processing module, and the acquisition module adopts a Bq76pl455EVM acquisition chip of TI company. The model of the wide-range current sensor is ACS758xCB. The operation processing module, the control module and the equalization module are all electrically connected. The operation processing module adopts a TMS320F28335 type DSP chip of TI company. The method can realize the processing, operation and control scheme of the input data of the acquisition system.
Please refer to fig. 2, the balancing module includes a master control module and a slave control module, in this embodiment, 24 battery units of the dc power supply are divided into 4 groups, each group includes 6 battery units, the slave control module performs balancing management on the 6 battery units, the 6 battery units form a Pack, and the master control module performs balancing management on four packs. The main control module is electrically connected with the DSP.
Please refer to fig. 3, the master control module adopts a BUCK-BOOST balancing topology structure to realize balancing control among the modules. The BUCK-BOOST balanced topological structure has the advantages of simple structure, higher reliability and strong expandability, and is used for energy balance of the main control module and easy realization of expansion of the slave control module. And each two adjacent battery packs use a BUCK-BOOST equalization unit circuit, so that the energy bidirectional transfer between the adjacent battery packs can be realized. The BUCK-BOOST equalization unit circuit is connected in parallel between two adjacent battery packs and consists of two inductors, two MOSFET switches and two diodes. The MOSFET adopts IXTP200N055T2 model, and the diode adopts 242NQ030 type Schottky diode. The inductance value principle is shown in formulas 1 to 3, wherein U i And U o The voltage to the ground and the voltage of the direct current bus are respectively, delta i L Is the value of the current ripple through the inductor. D is the switching tube duty ratio, T is the switching tube switching period:
wherein Pack is a Pack n And 6 battery cells. PWM control switch S is output through controller na And S is nb And the energy bidirectional transmission between two adjacent battery packs is realized. The principle is as follows:
when Pack is used n Voltage ratio Pack of (2) n+1 High, the switch S is driven using PWM waves na Pack is to n Transfer of the charge to Pack n+1 In (a):
(1) Closing switch S na ，Pack n Generating a current to flow through L n ，Pack n Discharge, inductance L 1 And (5) storing energy.
(2) Switch S is turned off na Inductance L n Energy transfer to Pack n+1 ，Pack n+1 And (5) charging.
When Pack is used n Voltage ratio Pack of (2) n+1 At low, the switch S is driven using PWM waves na Pack is to n+1 Transfer of the charge to Pack n In (a):
(1) Closing switch S nb ，Pack n+1 Generating a current to flow through L 1 ，Pack n+1 Discharge, inductance L n And (5) storing energy.
(2) Switch S is turned off nb Inductance L n Energy transfer to Pack n ，Pack n And (5) charging.
Please refer to fig. 4, one side of the slave control module is connected to the battery pack, and one side is connected to the battery unit. The circuit topology is shown in fig. 4b, and is composed of an inductor, two MOS tubes and two diodes, wherein the MOSFET adopts the model of IXTP200N055T2, and the diode adopts a 242NQ030 type Schottky diode. Wherein Cell n For any cell, pack consists of all the remaining cells. PWM control switch S is output through controller na And S is nb Realizing Cell unit Cell n And the energy between the battery packs is transmitted bidirectionally.
When Cell n When the voltage of (a) is higher than the average voltage of Pack, the switch S is driven by PWM wave na Cell is put into n Is transferred to Pack:
(1) Closing switch S na ，Cell n Generating a current to flow through L 1 ，Cell n Discharge, inductance L 1 And (5) storing energy.
(2) Switch S is turned off na Inductance L 1 The energy in (a) is transferred to Pack, which is charged.
When Cell n When the voltage of (a) is lower than the average voltage of Pack, the switch S is driven by PWM wave nb Transfer the charge of Pack to Cell n In (a):
(1) Closing switch S nb Pack produces a current through L 1 Pack discharge, inductance L 1 And (5) storing energy.
(2) Switch S is turned off nb Inductance L 1 Energy transfer to Cell n ，Cell n And (5) charging.
Please refer to fig. 5, wherein U j Represents the voltage of the battery cell acquired by the acquisition module, U a Represents the average value of the battery voltage in a Pack, error represents U j And U a Absolute value of the difference between them. The operation processing module calculates the average value of the voltages of each group of the N groups of battery packs and inputs the average value into the control module, and the control module comprises a comparison link, a delay link and an interlocking link. The comparison link is used for subtracting the average voltage of each group from the voltage of the battery cell at one end of the corresponding slave control equalizing circuit, comparing the difference value of the average voltage of each group with a preset equalizing error threshold value, and inputting a number 1 into the delay link if the difference value is larger than the preset threshold value; if the value is smaller than the set threshold value, the number 0 is input to the delay link. The delay link is judged according to command numbers obtained by the comparison link by setting a delay greater than the switching period of the high-power switching tube, if the comparison link continuously inputs the command number 1 in the set delay time range, the system state is indicated to be in the set delay time range, a PWM wave with the duty ratio of D is generated through PI closed-loop control to start the equalization circuit, the equalization circuit is started to perform voltage equalization on corresponding battery monomers, and the battery monomers and the direct current buses form a bidirectional energy passage through the equalization module; if the above condition is not satisfied, the equalization circuit is not started. The interlocking link carries out complementary control on the power switch tube, so that the equalizing circuit only works in a boosting mode when the single body is under-voltage, and only works in a step-down mode when the single body is under-voltage.
When the embodiment is used, the voltage balance among all the monomers in the normal running process of the direct-current power supply is realized, the output voltage of the power supply can be still stabilized when the monomers have an open-circuit fault, and the guarantee is provided for the safe and stable running of the direct-current power supply of a transformer substation, the power supply for an electric automobile and the UPS standby power supply.
Although the terms such as the acquisition module, the operation processing module, the delay link, the equalization module and the like are used in the specification, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are only used to facilitate a more complete description of the nature of the invention and should be construed as requiring no additional limitations whatsoever.
It should be understood that parts of the specification not specifically set forth herein are all prior art.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to limit the scope of the claims, and that those skilled in the art can make substitutions or modifications without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a DC power supply balance management system which characterized in that, this DC power supply balance management system includes:
DC power supply: for powering the whole system;
connected in turn
And the acquisition module is used for: the device is used for sampling the balance current, terminal voltage and temperature of each single body of the direct current power supply;
and an equalization module: the energy balancing circuit is used for forming a direct current power supply balance energy path;
and the control module is used for: the switching device is used for controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the switching device in the equalization module to realize an equalization control strategy;
the operation processing module: the method is used for calculating sampling data and comparing and judging;
the acquisition module comprises: the device comprises a high-range current sensor, a direct-current power supply voltage monomer acquisition module and a temperature sensor, wherein the range of the high-range current sensor is set according to the maximum balanced current when the direct-current power supply is disconnected;
the direct-current power supply cell comprises a lead-acid storage battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary lithium battery; the direct current power supply is divided into N modules, and each module comprises N battery monomers; the N modules of the direct current power supply form a series loop to supply power to a load;
the equalization module includes: the system comprises a main control module and a plurality of slave control modules; the master control module and the slave control module are connected in parallel with two ends of the direct current power supply, wherein the master control module is connected in parallel with two ends of each module and used for balancing voltage among the modules; the slave control module is connected in parallel with two ends of each battery cell and used for balancing the voltage among the cells; the master control and the slave control have no connection relation;
the main control module comprises N BUCK-BOOST BUCK-BOOST circuits formed by a high-power switch device and diodes, wherein the diodes are anti-parallel connected to two ends of the high-power switch device, two ends of each BUCK-BOOST circuit are respectively and parallel connected to two ends of two adjacent battery modules, and voltage equalization is performed through energy flow among N groups of adjacent battery modules; the slave control module comprises n-1 paths of equalization circuits, each path of equalization circuit comprises 2 high-power switching devices and 2 low-conduction voltage drop Schottky diodes, wherein the diodes are in antiparallel connection with two ends of the high-power switching devices; the two ends of the equalizing circuit are respectively connected with the two ends of the battery cell and the anode and the cathode of the direct current bus;
the system adopts a method for voltage closed-loop control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the operation processing module calculates an average value of voltages of each group of the N groups of battery packs and inputs the average value to the control module, and the control module comprises:
and (3) comparison: subtracting the average voltage of each group from the voltage of a battery cell at one end of a corresponding slave control equalizing circuit, comparing the difference value of the average voltage and the voltage with a set equalizing error threshold value, and inputting a number 1 into a delay link if the difference value is larger than the set threshold value; if the value is smaller than the set threshold value, inputting a number 0 into a delay link;
delay link: judging according to the number obtained by the comparison link by setting a delay which is larger than the switching period of the high-power switching tube, and starting an equalization circuit to perform voltage equalization on corresponding battery cells if the comparison link continuously inputs the number 1, which indicates that the system state is in a set delay time range, wherein the battery cells and the direct current bus form a bidirectional energy path through an equalization module; if the conditions are not met, the equalization circuit is not started;
interlocking link: and the power switch tube is complementarily controlled, so that the equalizing circuit only works in a boosting mode when the single body is under-voltage, and only works in a depressurization mode when the single body is under-voltage.
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| TWI766718B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-06-01 | 龍華科技大學 | Battery module that can actively balance battery voltage |
| CN114142565B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-01-02 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Balanced control system and control method of battery pack and battery pack |
| CN114530637B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-01-13 | 广州菲利斯太阳能科技有限公司 | Voltage balancing device and control method for series lithium battery pack |
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