CN102393404A - Large model test box for studying electroosmosis consolidation treated soft soil foundation - Google Patents
Large model test box for studying electroosmosis consolidation treated soft soil foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102393404A CN102393404A CN2011102735672A CN201110273567A CN102393404A CN 102393404 A CN102393404 A CN 102393404A CN 2011102735672 A CN2011102735672 A CN 2011102735672A CN 201110273567 A CN201110273567 A CN 201110273567A CN 102393404 A CN102393404 A CN 102393404A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel model box testing device for an electroosmosis consolidation treated soft soil foundation. Electroosmosis consolidation can be simulated in a way of better approaching actual conditions through opening setting, dimension setting and strength setting of the testing device, device installation in a test, and various treatment means in test process control to consolidate the soft soil foundation. The model box can simulate electroosmosis consolidation, preloading, vacuum preloading, forced ramming and other foundation treating technologies to jointly treat the foundation. Besides functions of controlling electrification, being suitable for different electrode materials and controlling properties of a soil sample of the traditional electroosmosis consolidation testing device, the model box has the advantage that different electrode arrangement forms and the application of an electrode conversion technology are fully considered, and has main characteristics of economy, simpleness and multiple functions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of model casing test unit of novel consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation, can simulate multiple foundation treatment technologies such as consolidation by electroosmosis and piling prepressing, vacuum preloading, strong rammers and unite to use and carry out that ground is handled and consideration influence of various factors comprehensively.
Background technology
In soil sample, pass to direct current, under electric field action, soil water is prone to combine to form the aquation kation and flow to negative electrode with kation, and this phenomenon is electric osmose.In time discharge if will come together in the moisture of negative electrode, just can constantly reduce the water percentage of soil, so electric osmose can be used for ground is carried out consolidation process.Casagrande is applied to electroosmosis technology in the Geotechnical Engineering in nineteen thirty-nine for the first time, and the various countries scholar had carried out number of research projects at its reinforcement mechanism and application facet afterwards.Electro-osmosis method has has good advantages such as consolidation effect to fine grained, low-permeability soil.
Along with the China's Coastal Areas rapid economy development, the land resource growing tension utilizes and carries out foundation stabilization after the hydraulic reclamation epeirogenetic of basin and waterway dredging soil again and become and alleviate the nervous main means of land resource.Dredging soil often has characteristics such as fine grained, high-ductility, hyposmosis; When adopting conventional draining concretion method to reinforce this ground, reinforce the back and produce very big sedimentation, but intensity is less; Consolidation effect is not very good, so electro-osmosis method is expected to the effective reinforcement means for this kind soil.
Before the present invention, what use in the consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation process of the test mainly is organic glass case and two kinds of forms of organic glass tube.The form of organic glass tube is too single, can only the situation that the electrode circular coaxial is arranged and electrode is arranged in parallel up and down be taken in.Organic glass case in the past can not be considered the situation that the electrode circular coaxial is arranged, and it is less than normal often to receive the size that the restriction of the employed supply unit of test adopts.In the actual tests process; The experimental study of electrode switch technology is seldom used in the use of organic glass case in the past; More be the simple theoretical analysis that carries out, the application of kind electrode switch technology can reach the effective ways of remarkable result when often but being the consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation.More than two kinds of test model casees to the selection of arrangement of electrodes form consider all comprehensive inadequately; Can not accomplish cylindric electrode and plate electrode are used the comparative analysis of different drainage patterns, and can not accomplish to arrange with the comparative analysis of the form that is arranged in parallel to the positive and negative electrode circular coaxial etc.
Before the present invention; Both at home and abroad to the consolidation by electroosmosis and the test unit ubiquity of other foundation treatment mode Combined application such as piling prepressing, vacuum preloading, strong rammers function singleness, off-the-shelf hardware complex and expensive, with engineering practice in the ground disposition of reality distinguish bigger shortcoming, the real situation of reflection that can not economical rationality.So be necessary to invent a kind of novel simple consolidation by electroosmosis model casing; Realize other foundation treatment mode Combined application such as consolidation by electroosmosis and piling prepressing, vacuum preloading, strong rammer; Carry out the Analysis on Mechanism of several different methods reinforcing soft ground, and explore relevant construction, relevant practical technique.
Before the present invention; A kind of multifunctional soil electroosmosis solidification device of invention such as Cao Yonghua; Can carry out consolidation by electroosmosis to soil, load the associating consolidation test of fixed or electric osmose and loading; Can monitor in real time the major parameter in the test, and can measure the resistivity and the electro-osmosis coefficient of soil mass consolidation.But this instrument is mainly used in the Analysis on Mechanism of consolidation by electroosmosis; Though instrument forms uniform and stable one dimension electric field in the soil body; Make electric osmose direction, drainage direction consistent with the soil deformation direction, it is theoretical to meet the one dimension consolidation by electroosmosis, can conveniently calculate and analyze; But the vertical soil body that inserts with electrode in the actual engineering carries out soft soil consolidation and handles and there are differences, and also there is certain difference in theoretical with the actual consolidation by electroosmosis mechanism of one dimension consolidation by electroosmosis.So be necessary to invent on this basis the better model engineering actual conditions of a kind of novel simple consolidation by electroosmosis model casing, the relevant construction of actual comprehensively exploration, relevant practical technique and the Analysis on Mechanism of carrying out the electro-osmosis method reinforcing soft ground.
In electric osmose is reinforced; Comprehensive influence and effect of considering ground oneself factor, electrode service factor, energising controlling factor and multiple method for processing foundation associating service factor to the consolidation by electroosmosis reinforcing soft ground, the relevant practical technique and the relevant arrangement and method for construction that draw when using the consolidation by electroosmosis treatment technology to carry out the ground processing have practicality and can create good economic benefit.The relevant practical technique that can take when the purpose of model casing test is to confirm usable condition and the utilization of utilization consolidation by electroosmosis technical finesse soft soil foundation, thus this foundation treatment technology reasonably promoted.The present invention just can provide comprehensive control device to carry out shop experiment research, explore relating to that energising control, electrode are selected for use, the construction and relevant practical technique of soil sample pre-service and multiple method for processing foundation Combined application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just is to develop a kind of model casing test unit of simple novel consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation; Can simulate the situation that multiple method for processing foundation such as consolidation by electroosmosis and piling prepressing, vacuum preloading, strong rammer are united use; And consider ground oneself factor, electrode service factor, energising controlling factor influence and effect to the consolidation by electroosmosis reinforcing soft ground comprehensively, draw utilization consolidation by electroosmosis treatment technology and carry out relevant practical technique and the relevant construction of ground when handling.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Through adopting multiple processing means in device installation in the perforate setting on the model casing, size setting, intensity setting, the test and the process of the test control; Realization is analyzed influence of various factors such as electrode conversion, arrangement of electrodes form, electrode material selection, drainage pattern selection, energising control, the pre-service of ground soil sample; And, preloading carries out consolidation by electroosmosis and the symphyogenetic experimental study of multiple method for processing foundation with measuring equipment, vacuum preloading and measuring equipment, strong rammer and measuring equipment through being installed; Analysis and processing through to gained test figure after the enforcement different tests scheme obtain relevant practical conclusion (of pressure testing) and arrangement and method for construction.
In two rows of openings at model casing two ends, can insert the electrode of pipe forms such as reinforcing bar, steel pipe in the experimentation, and bury form such as fixing through binding GSZ, soil sample and realize the electrode vertical fixing, with the two ends perforate of base plate place as osculum; Can insert the electrode of flat-faced tubes such as wire netting, perforated metal plate in the experimentation in the two rows of openings positions at model casing two ends; And bury form such as fixing through binding GSZ, soil sample and realize the electrode vertical fixing, with the perforate on two ends perforate of base plate place or the side plate as osculum.
Close the valve that base plate place one end originally opened in the experimentation and open the valve conversion freeing port of originally closing at the base plate place, simultaneously polar switching is done in the output of power positive cathode, realize the experimental study of indoor electric osmose test electrode conversion; In experimentation,, realize the experimental study of indoor electric osmose process of the test discontinuous energising through to the closing and opening of supply cell a period of time.
Position of opening at the base plate center can freely load and unload the organic glass tubular dividing plate of both ends open through plastic sheeting and glass cement and the coaxial fixing seal of center pit; Form an organic glass tube model casing; Can carry out the shop experiment research that the electrode circular coaxial is arranged or is arranged in parallel up and down, and can the gained result compare research when being arranged in parallel about test findings and electrode.
Aspirating hole when the perforate on the model casing side panel is used as vacuum preloading is connected with air-extractor; And with carry out air-extractor at the model casing opening part and be connected and compare, adopt the bleed comparison of soft soil consolidation effect when carrying out vacuum preloading of different azimuth in the actual engineering thereby simulate; Perforate setting on the model casing side panel can be carried out side discharge as osculum when adopting the surface plate electrode form; With adopt base plate place osculum to carry out vertical drainage to do comparison, thereby the soft soil consolidation effect when adopting different drainage pattern in the actual engineering of simulation.
The inside length and width height of model casing is of a size of 1200mm * 600mm * 600mm; Its size is provided with length and is positioned at the base plate center for wide twice and base plate place second round; The plane central dividing plate of organic glass that can freely load and unload in position of opening one side at base plate center seals through plastic sheeting and glass cement vertical fixing; Form the new model case that one two row's osculum spacing reduces by half than grand master pattern molding box two ends osculum size; And carry out the shop experiment research of identical test scheme with the grand master pattern molding box, thus carry out the analysis of size effect, simulate in the actual engineering the not treatment effect of formed different constructions simultaneously of electrode separation.
Model casing adopts the tempered glass material of certain thickness (base plate is that 19mm is thick, sidewall 15mm thick), and the formed loads of effect such as can satisfy that piling prepressing, vacuum preloading and strong rams impact and keep insulating property.Side plate tapping or model casing opening part through plastic tube with seal after plastic draining board or the sand drain that is provided with in advance in inserting the soil body links to each other; Be connected to the outside vaccum-pumping equipment of model casing and constitute vacuum prepressing device, can carry out shop experiment research with consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect; In the soil sample surface coverage load plate of model casing opening part, carry out preloading through the form that counterweight loads or lifting jack loads, piling prepressing and consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect are carried out shop experiment research; Select to ram a little according to experimental program on the soil sample surface, and utilize little hammer ram available in the model experiment to ram, will ram by force with consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect and carry out shop experiment research.Said test unit comprises the steelframe base that has with the square hole of corresponding three platoon leaders of said model casing base plate position of opening.
Model casing in use can realize control energising in the conventional model case test, select for use different electrode materials to compare, foundation soil itself is carried out pre-service and proterties measures (through displacement meter is installed; Pre-buried pressure cell, hole are pressed meter, insert electromotive force chaining pin etc. and measure device) etc. general experimental study.
Description of drawings
The electric osmose appearance synoptic diagram of Fig. 1---prior art.
Fig. 2---apparatus of the present invention general layout front elevation.
Fig. 3---apparatus of the present invention perforate organigram.
Fig. 4---apparatus of the present invention dividing plate is installed front elevation.
Fig. 5---apparatus of the present invention dividing plate is installed vertical view.
Fig. 6---apparatus of the present invention side plate perforate synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7---apparatus of the present invention base perforate vertical view.
Fig. 8 a---lucite spacer erection joint place schematic perspective view.
Fig. 8 b---lucite spacer erection joint place diagrammatic cross-section.
Among the figure: 1, tempered glass model casing, 2, electrode, 3, the side plate perforate, 4, the base plate perforate, 5, the steel load plate, 6, displacement meter; 7, counterweight, 8, lead, 9, plastic draining board, 10, the draining exhaust tube, 11, aqueous vapor separates flask, 12, vacuum pump; 13, base, 14, little hammer ram, 15, soil sample, 16, the plane central dividing plate of organic glass, 17, organic glass tubbiness dividing plate; 18, base perforate, 19, nut, 20, valve, 21, glass cement, 22, plastic sheeting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is carried out detailed description.
In the base plate perforate 4 at tempered glass model casing 1 two ends, insert electrode 2 in the experimentation and can select pipe forms such as reinforcing bar, steel pipe for use; And through the binding GSZ, adopt soil sample 15 to bury form such as fixing to realize electrode 2 vertical fixing, with the two ends perforate 4 of base plate place as osculum; Insert electrode 2 in two rows of openings, 4 positions at model casing 1 two ends in the experimentation and can select surface plate forms such as wire netting, perforated metal plate for use; And through the binding GSZ, adopt soil sample 15 to bury form such as fixing to realize electrode 2 vertical fixing, with the perforate 3 on two ends perforate 4 of base plate place or the side plate as osculum.
Close the valve 20 that the one end perforate 4 of base plate place originally opened in the experimentation and open the valve 20 conversion freeing port of originally closing at base plate other end perforate 4 places, simultaneously the experimental study that polar switching realizes electrode conversion in the indoor electric osmose test is done in the output of power positive cathode; In experimentation through supply cell a period of time closed and opens the experimental study that realizes indoor electric osmose process of the test discontinuous energising.The structure of model casing tapping is as shown in Figure 3, utilize glass cement with fixed by nut at tapping, the valve of scalable switch parcel unsintered tape is screwed into nut carries out fixing seal.
The organic glass tubular dividing plate 17 that can freely load and unload both ends open in the position of base plate center drilling 4 is through plastic sheeting and glass cement and center pit 4 coaxial fixing seals; Form an organic glass tube model casing and can carry out the shop experiment research that the electrode circular coaxial is arranged or is arranged in parallel up and down, and can the gained result compare research when being arranged in parallel about test findings and electrode.In the test; The glass cement 21 and the plastic sheeting 22 of seals at satisfy antiseepage and require to get final product; To isolate two soil sample chambers that the back forms in the test operation and all adorn soil sample,, guarantee that the tubbiness dividing plate does not excessively deform and damages because of stressed to realize tubbiness clapboard stress balance.After the test, can glass cement be rooted out, recover model casing 1 structure originally.
Aspirating hole when the perforate on model casing 1 side panel 3 is used as vacuum preloading is connected with air- extractor 9,10,11,12; And with carry out air- extractor 9,10,11,12 at the model casing opening part and be connected and compare, adopt the bleed comparison of soft soil consolidation effect when carrying out vacuum preloading of different azimuth in the actual engineering thereby simulate; Perforate on the model casing side panel is provided with 3 can carry out side discharge as osculum when electrode 2 adopts the surface plate form; With adopt base plate place's perforate 4 to carry out vertical drainage to do comparison as osculum, thereby the soft soil consolidation effect when adopting different drainage pattern in the actual engineering of simulation.
The inside length and width height of model casing 1 is of a size of 1200mm * 600mm * 600mm; Its size is provided with length and is positioned at the base plate center for wide twice and base plate place second round 4; The plane central dividing plate 16 of organic glass that can freely load and unload in position of opening one side at base plate center seals through plastic sheeting 22 and glass cement 21 vertical fixing; Form the new model case that one two row's osculum spacing reduces by half than grand master pattern molding box two ends osculum size; And carry out the shop experiment research of identical test scheme with the grand master pattern molding box, thus carry out the analysis of size effect, simulate in the actual engineering the not treatment effect of formed different constructions simultaneously of electrode separation.In the test; The glass cement 21 and the plastic sheeting 22 of seals at satisfy antiseepage and require to get final product; To isolate two soil sample chambers that the back forms in the test operation and all adorn soil sample,, guarantee that dividing plate does not excessively deform and damages because of stressed to realize plane central dividing plate stress balance.After the test, can glass cement be rooted out, recover model casing 1 structure originally.
The certain thickness tempered glass material that adopts model casing 1 can satisfy piling prepressing, vacuum preloading and strong rammer etc. and act on formed loads impact and keep insulating property.Side plate tapping 3 or model casing opening part through plastic tube 10 with seal after plastic draining board 9 or the sand drain that is provided with in advance in inserting the soil body links to each other; Be connected to the outside vaccum- pumping equipment 11,12 of model casing; Constitute vacuum prepressing device, can carry out shop experiment research with consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect; In the soil sample surface coverage load plate 5 of model casing opening part, carry out preloading through the form that counterweight 7 loads or lifting jack loads, piling prepressing and consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect are carried out shop experiment research; Select to ram a little according to experimental program on the soil sample surface, and utilize little hammer ram 14 available in the model experiment to ram, will ram by force with consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect and carry out shop experiment research.
New model case, employing organic glass tubbiness dividing plate 17 organic glass infuser shape model casings of formation that reduce by half and the experimental simulation that adopts steel load plate 5 to carry out piling prepressing are that different installations is improved one's methods to the master mould case apparatus to adopt the plane central dividing plate 16 of above-mentioned organic glass to form size here in the model casing 1; Be not to use simultaneously; The use of the plane central dividing plate of organic glass 16, organic glass tubbiness dividing plate 17, steel load plate 5 all need at first return to model casing 1 structure originally, carries out independent installing and using afterwards again.
Model casing in use can realize control energising in the conventional model case test, select for use different electrode materials to compare, foundation soil itself is carried out pre-service and proterties measures (through displacement meter 6 is installed; Pre-buried pressure cell, hole are pressed meter, insert electromotive force chaining pin etc. and measure device) etc. general experimental study.
Specific operation process is following:
(1) model casing is placed on the base, and closes all valves.Determine whether to carry out the installation of model casing dividing plate according to testing program.
(2) insert electrode and fixing, open the valve of negative electrode below; Soil sample is stirred, and the soil sample chamber is inserted in layering then; In adorning native process, press meter, insert the electromotive force chaining pin, displacement meter, pH chaining pin etc. are installed are measured device according to the pre-buried pressure cell of experimental program, hole; Measurement equipments such as the change of debugging voltage, reometer.
(3) confirm vacuum prepressing device, piling prepressing device, ram the use and the installation of device by force according to testing program.
The lead that (4) will be connected in electrode is connected respectively to the both positive and negative polarity energising of direct supply, and the beginning electric osmose is reinforced.According to experimental program control energising, vacuum preloading, piling prepressing and strong operating position of ramming.
The parameters such as water of (5) discharging in the different electric currents, voltage, pore water pressure, Potential Distributing, soil sample sedimentation, soil sample constantly in the record test, and in test the fetch earth variation of the soil indicators such as shearing strength that measure soil of layering at times.
(6) put experimental data in order, and carry out the analyzing and processing of experimental data, parameters such as actual effect that the analysis soil sample is handled and energy consumption change, and explore the reinforcement mechanism of electro-osmosis method soft soil foundation and the construction of practicality.
Claims (9)
1. model casing test unit of studying the consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation; It is characterized in that: said test unit is for installing the tempered glass model casing of the actual consolidation by electroosmosis reinforcing soft ground situation of simulation through the device in perforate setting, size setting, intensity setting, the test; Its perforate is set to open three rows at model casing base plate place through the form of mounted valve and respectively opens a hole in the center of model casing left and right sides panel and make osculum or make aspirating hole as osculum in totally nine holes; Its size is set in the location arrangements of base plate place three rounds, and second round is positioned at the base plate center, and first row is positioned at the base plate two ends with the 3rd round and three rounds are equidistant, and the hole on the side panel is positioned at the face plate center position; Its intensity is set to model casing and adopts certain thickness tempered glass material; Device in its test is installed and is comprised a plane central dividing plate of the organic glass that can freely load and unload, the steel load plate that can freely load and unload, the organic glass tubbiness dividing plate that can freely load and unload both ends open.
2. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said device comprises the little hammer ram of steel, the simulation dynamic compaction test; Said test unit comprises the steelframe base that has with the square hole of corresponding three platoon leaders of said model casing base plate position of opening, supplies to place said model casing.
3. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the every rows of openings of said mounted cast box plate place can insert or install multi-form electrode and electrode is connected with power supply through lead; In two rows of openings at said model casing base plate two ends, insert the electrode of reinforcing bar, steel pipe pipe form in the experimentation; And bury fixing form through binding GSZ, soil sample and realize the electrode vertical fixing, with the two ends perforate of said base plate place as osculum; Insert the electrode of flat-faced tubes such as wire netting, perforated metal plate in the experimentation in the two rows of openings positions at said model casing base plate two ends; And bury fixing form through binding GSZ, soil sample and realize the electrode vertical fixing, with the perforate on two ends perforate of said base plate place or the side plate as osculum.
4. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said device can carry out the experimental study of electrode conversion and intermittently power-on; Close the valve that base plate place one end originally opened in the experimentation and open the valve conversion freeing port of originally closing at the base plate place; Simultaneously polar switching is done in the output of power positive cathode, realized the experimental study of indoor electric osmose test electrode conversion; In experimentation through supply cell a period of time closed and opens the experimental study that realizes indoor electric osmose process of the test discontinuous energising.
5. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said device can carry out the connection of vacuum prepressing device at the side plate tapping or the model casing upper opening place of model casing; Aspirating hole when the perforate on the said model casing side panel is used as vacuum preloading is connected with air-extractor; And with carry out air-extractor at said model casing upper opening place and be connected and compare, adopt the bleed comparison of soft soil consolidation effect when carrying out vacuum preloading of different azimuth in the actual engineering thereby simulate; Perforate setting on the said model casing side panel can be carried out side discharge as osculum when adopting the surface plate electrode form; With adopt base plate place osculum to carry out vertical drainage to do comparison, thereby the soft soil consolidation effect when adopting different drainage pattern in the actual engineering of simulation.
6. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the position of opening at said base plate center can freely load and unload the said organic glass tubular dividing plate of both ends open through plastic sheeting and glass cement and the coaxial fixing seal of center pit; Form an organic glass tube model casing; Can carry out the shop experiment research that the electrode circular coaxial is arranged or is arranged in parallel up and down, and can the gained result compare research when being arranged in parallel about test findings and electrode.
7. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the inside length and width height of said model casing is of a size of 1200mm * 600mm * 600mm; Its size is provided with length and is positioned at the base plate center for wide twice and base plate place second round; Position of opening one side at the base plate center seals the plane central dividing plate of the said organic glass that can freely load and unload through plastic sheeting and glass cement vertical fixing; Form the new model case that one two row's osculum spacing reduces by half than grand master pattern molding box two ends osculum size; And carry out the shop experiment research of identical test scheme with the grand master pattern molding box, thus carry out the analysis of size effect, simulate in the actual engineering the not treatment effect of formed different constructions simultaneously of electrode separation.
8. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said model casing adopts certain thickness tempered glass material to impact and the maintenance insulating property to satisfy piling prepressing, vacuum preloading and the formed load of strong rammer effect; At side plate tapping or said model casing upper opening place through connecting pipe with seal after plastic draining board or the sand drain that is provided with in advance in inserting the soil body links to each other; Be connected to the outside vaccum-pumping equipment of said model casing and constitute vacuum prepressing device, can carry out shop experiment research with consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect; In the soil sample surface coverage load plate of said model casing opening part, carry out preloading through the form that counterweight loads or lifting jack loads, piling prepressing and consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect are carried out shop experiment research; Select to ram a little according to experimental program on the soil sample surface, and utilize little hammer ram available in the model experiment to ram, will ram by force with consolidation by electroosmosis technical tie-up effect and carry out shop experiment research.
9. the model casing test unit of consolidation by electroosmosis soft soil foundation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: through displacement meter is installed; The experimental study that pre-buried pressure cell, hole are pressed meter, inserted the measuring equipment of electromotive force chaining pin realizes that said model casing in use can realize control energising in the test of conventional model case, selects for use different electrode materials to compare, foundation soil itself is carried out pre-service and proterties measures.
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