CN102379234B

CN102379234B - Fruit bagging and tree base mulching cultivation method capable of increasing solid level of loquats

Info

Publication number: CN102379234B
Application number: CN2011102517413A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈钟佃; 张丽梅; 刘明香; 黄勤楼; 黄秀声; 冯德庆; 钟珍梅
Original assignee: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Agricultural Ecology of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Pomology Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Agricultural Ecology of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2011-08-26
Filing date: 2011-08-26
Publication date: 2013-11-06
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-26
Also published as: CN102379234A

Abstract

A fruit bagging and tree base mulching cultivation method capable of increasing solid level of loquats comprises: fruit thinning, namely fruits are thinned in seasons when loquat trees grow young fruits, and three or less young fruits are only reserved on each cluster, primary bagging, namely foamed plastic mesh bags are used as bags for bagging the young fruits when the young loquats grow with diameter 1cm to 2cm, secondary bagging, namely the loquats are bagged secondarily when growing for 40 days to 60 days and having the diameter ranging from 3cm to 5cm, and covering a tree base with a mulch film, namely the agricultural mulch film is used for covering the tree base when 5% to 10% frits in an orchard turn in color after the secondary bagging. The method effectively improves barrier property of fruit tree root systems to external water and reduces cracking rate and sunburn of the loquats, the loquats have complete hair, no scab and high sugar content, and in short, light, heat and water in a southern loquat orchard can be fully utilized to create necessities for production of high-quality loquats.

Description

A kind of fruit bagging and tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content

(1), technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of loquat fruit tree planting technique in agricultural technology field, relate to more specifically a kind of fruit bagging and tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve loquat (solubility) solid content (refer in fruit juice can water-soluble sugar be fruit sweetness, acid, vitamin, mineral matter etc.).

(2), background technology

Bagging is the important technical measures of Loquat growth the next item up, the loquat bagging can effectively alleviate and even prevents various germs and various insect, and birds are directly infected or the loquat of causing harm, and can prevent that fruit directly is subject to pesticide pollution, and alleviate agriculture residual, alleviate dehiscent fruit, make the fruit good looking appearance, thereby improving the commodity of fruit, increase benefit, is the effective measures of the nuisanceless production of fruit such as loquat.but, carry out bagging at the kraft paper bag commonly used of Loquat growth traditionally or old newspaper bag, although the brown paper light transmission in these two kinds of casing materials is strong, newspaper (light transmission is bad) cost is low, but both are moisture-proof not all, easy deliquescing is drenched with rain, heavy rain is crossed rear bag wall and is close on loquat, the chance fine day shines upon, fruit is subject to the evil of burning day, good fruit rate is often lower than 60%, and after bagging, often local flavor is thin out, (solubility) solid content of fruit (soluble solid: refer in fruit juice water-soluble sugar to be sugariness, acid, vitamin, mineral matter etc.) descend, (solid content is many between 10%-11% for the mouthfeel variation, have even lower than 10%, such loquat mouthfeel is tasteless, benefit is not high), and in recent years because eco-environment restoration makes the birds amount reproduction, mountain region Loquat Garden bird pest is very serious, so, the quality and yield that the casing material that adopts and method are directly connected to loquat.

(3), summary of the invention

Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of fruit bagging and tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content, make the easily solution of casing material source, has convenient management, favourable raising loquat solid content (being fruit sweetness etc.), favourable reduction dehiscent fruit rate and increase output, thus loquat orchard worker's productivity effect can further obviously be increased.

The present invention realizes with following technical scheme, and this fruit bagging and the tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content of the present invention is characterized in that comprising employing following methods step:

A, fruit thinning are namely bloomed in every year when the loquat trees and are tied the young fruit time, carry out fruit thinning (even flower thinning), leave and take the more consistent loquat young fruit of growth, but each fruit ear fruit number can only keep 3 or 3 following young fruits (i.e. not many sub 3 young fruits);

B, bagging (bagging first) for the first time namely when loquat growth of young to diameter is 1--2cm, adopt the foamed plastics net to be enclosed within on young fruit as bagging, and the purpose of bagging is the harm that prevents birds first;

C, bagging for the second time, namely in the growth of loquat through 40--60 days, diameter is between 3--5cm, after fruit expands fully, carry out bagging for the second time, this moment, the fruit size of bagging no longer changed, enter the annesl maturing stage, and the opening of bagging should form miter angle with the ground level line for the second time, is conducive to like this penetrating of light, the printing opacity air capacity of soils of fruit after the raising bagging;

D, mulch film (film) overlay tree dish, after being the secondary bagging, when the loquat that 5%--10% is arranged in the orchard begins annesl, with agricultural mulching overlay tree dish, be beneficial to reduce the tree body to the absorption of excessive moisture and reduce the dehiscent fruit rate, to enter between colour-change period (being the maturing stage) rainfall large due to loquat, so when having the fruit of 5%--10% to begin annesl in the orchard, adopt agricultural mulching overlay tree dish (mulch film (PE film) thickness is 0.025mm), zone in the tree dish is covered fully, be conducive to like this reduce root system to the absorption of excessive moisture, can reduce the dehiscent fruit rate.

Said method step of the present invention can also further be specially:

One, foamed plastics net used is that to adopt string diameter be that polyethylene (PE) material of 1.5--2.0mm is made in described bagging for the first time (bagging first) step, and to make net long be the specification framework (annotate: foamed plastics net can available from the professional production business) of 8--10mm for 4.0--6.0cm, aperture for 6.0--8.0cm, net are wide.

Two, in the described step of bagging for the second time, bagging used is to be made by the plastic-aluminum combined thin-film material of paper that brown paper, aluminium foil and PE consist of, described bagging is to make left periphery and right periphery is closed sides and is parallel to each other, upper (or under) the periphery closure, under (or on) (annotate: the plastic-aluminum combined bag film of paper can utilize food pack to make to peripherally ported Bag structure, or available from the professional production business), due to the bagging that adopts the plastic-aluminum combined film of paper, steam has stronger barrier property to external world.

Three, described when carrying out mulch film (film) overlay tree dish step, the thickness of the mulch film that adopts (agricultural PE film) is 0.025mm.The agricultural mulching thickness that the overlay tree dish is used is chosen as 0.025mm, has light transmission good, after the secondary bagging, loquat enters the annesl maturing stage, and this moment, often rainfall was many, and air humidity is large, when having the fruit of 5%--10% to begin annesl in the orchard, with agricultural mulching (PE film) overlay tree dish, the zone in the tree dish is coated with to be beneficial to fully reduces tree body root system to the absorption of excessive moisture, can reduce the dehiscent fruit rate.

the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts the sack of taking foamed plastics net and paper substrate compound package material (the plastic-aluminum combined film of paper) to make to loquat successively to carry out the method for twice bagging, and when the loquat annesl is ripe, carrying out film under the tree dish covers, effectively solve and improved the fruit tree root system barrier property of steam (can reduce root system to the absorption of excessive moisture) to external world, sugar content (fruit sweetness) height, reduced the dehiscent fruit rate of loquat, and the difficult problem of photophobism insect infringement fruit face, White flesh is complete, there is no scab, in a word, the present invention can take full advantage of the light in southern Loquat-Shaped Cake district due to the method for taking minute secondary bagging and film overlay tree dish (claiming again fruit secondary bagging and tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method), heat, water resource, created necessary condition for producing High-quality Loquat, very favourable increase orchard worker income.On average can reach 12%-13% through the loquat solid content of this mode bagging, the highlyest can reach 13.5%, good fruit rate be (single fruit weight can reach 75g) more than 85%, no-dehiscent fruit and scab, and the fruit fine hair is complete.

(4), embodiment

below a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention: carry out fruit thinning after loquat blooms the formation young fruit, each fruit ear stays really can not be more than 3, when the young fruit diameter is 1--2cm, utilize the long 6.0-8.0cm of net, net wide 4.0-6.0cm, aperture 8-10mm, the foamed plastics net of string diameter 1.5-2.0mm carries out bagging for the first time, to prevent the harm of birds, first after bagging, the growth of 40--60 days of fruit process, when diameter is between 3--5cm after fruit expands fully, carry out bagging for the second time, fruit size in bagging no longer changes or changes seldom at this moment, the opening of bagging and ground level line form miter angle for the second time, be conducive to like this penetrating of light, the printing opacity air capacity of soils of fruit after the raising bagging, after the secondary bagging, loquat enters the annesl maturing stage, this moment, often rainfall was many, air humidity is large, when having the fruit of 5-10% to begin annesl in the orchard, with agricultural mulching (PE film) overlay tree dish, the ground film thickness is 0.025mm, zone in tree crown is covered fully, can effectively solve and improve the fruit barrier property of steam to external world, be conducive to reduce root system to the absorption of excessive moisture, the generation of favourable reduction dehiscent fruit rate and day calcination, the loquat sugar content is high.

The method step of other cultivation managements of the present invention is same as the prior art.

Claims

1. fruit bagging and tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content is characterized in that comprising and adopts the following methods step:

A, fruit thinning are namely bloomed in every year when the loquat trees and are tied the young fruit time, carry out flower and fruit thinning, leave and take the more consistent loquat young fruit of growth, but each fruit ear fruit number can only keep 3 or 3 following young fruits;

B, bagging (bagging first) for the first time namely when loquat growth of young to diameter is 1--2cm, adopt the foamed plastics net to be enclosed within on young fruit;

C, bagging for the second time, namely in the growth of loquat through 40-60 days, diameter is between 3--5cm, after fruit expands fully, carry out bagging for the second time, and the opening of bagging should form miter angle with the ground level line for the second time, in the described step of bagging for the second time, bagging used is to adopt the plastic-aluminum combined thin-film material of paper that is made of brown paper, aluminium foil and PE to make, described bagging is to make left periphery and right periphery is closed sides and is parallel to each other, the closed following peripheral of upper periphery opening, or the Bag structure of the closed upper periphery opening in following peripheral;

D, plastic mulching tree dish namely after the secondary bagging, when the loquat that 5%--10% is arranged in the orchard begins annesl, with agricultural mulching overlay tree dish, are beneficial to reduce root system to the absorption of excessive moisture and reduce the dehiscent fruit rate.

2. fruit bagging and the tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when carrying out plastic mulching tree dish step, the mulch film that adopts is that the thickness of PE film is 0.025mm described.