CN102379234B - Fruit bagging and tree base mulching cultivation method capable of increasing solid level of loquats - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of fruit bagging and tree tray mulching cultivation method that can improve the solid content of loquat adopts the following method steps: fruit thinning, that is, when the loquat tree is carrying out fruit thinning in the young fruit season, the number of fruits per ear can only be kept 3 or less than 3 young fruits; the first bagging, that is, when the young loquat fruit grows to a diameter of 1-2cm, use a foam plastic net as a bag to cover the young fruit; the second bagging, that is After the loquat fruit grows for 40-60 days, the diameter is between 3--5cm, and the fruit is completely expanded, then the second bagging is carried out; the tree tray is covered with plastic film, that is, after the second bagging, when there are 5% of the fruit in the orchard --When 10% of the fruit begins to turn color, cover the tree tray with agricultural mulch. The invention can effectively improve the barrier performance of the root system of fruit trees to external water vapor, reduce the fruit cracking rate of loquat fruit and the occurrence of sunburn, the fruit skin has complete hair, no disease spots, and high sugar content. Abundant light, heat and water resources have created necessary conditions for the production of high-quality loquats.

Description

A fruit bagging and tree tray film-covering cultivation method that can increase the solid content of loquat

(1) Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of loquat fruit tree cultivation technology in the field of agricultural technology, more specifically relates to a kind of can improve loquat (soluble) solids content (refers to the sugar that can dissolve in water in fruit juice, namely fruit sweetness, acid, vitamin, Minerals, etc.) fruit bagging and tree tray film-covered cultivation methods.

(two), background technology

Bagging is an important technical measure for loquat production. Loquat bagging can effectively reduce or even prevent various germs and pests, as well as birds from directly infecting or harming loquat fruits, and can prevent the fruits from being directly polluted by pesticides. Reducing pesticide residues, reducing fruit cracking, and making the fruit look beautiful, thereby improving the commerciality of the fruit and increasing the benefit, are effective measures for the pollution-free production of loquat and other fruits. However, traditionally, kraft paper bags or old newspaper bags are commonly used in loquat production for bagging. Although the kraft paper in these two bagging materials has strong light transmission and newspaper (poor light transmission) has low cost, both are not resistant to moisture. , easily softened by rain, the bag wall is close to the loquat fruit after the heavy rain, and the sun is shining on sunny days, the fruit is easily damaged by sunburn, the good fruit rate is often lower than 60%, and the flavor often becomes weak after bagging, and the fruit The (soluble) solid content (soluble solid: refers to the sugar that can dissolve in water in the fruit juice, that is, sweetness, acid, vitamins, minerals, etc.) decreases, and the taste becomes worse (the solid content is more than 10%-11%) Some are even lower than 10%. Such loquat tastes bland and tasteless, and the benefit is not high), and in recent years, due to the restoration of the ecological environment, birds have multiplied in large numbers, and bird damage in mountainous loquat gardens is very serious. Therefore, the bagging materials used and The method is directly related to the quality and yield of loquat fruit.

(3) Contents of the invention

The task of the present invention is to provide a kind of fruit bagging that can improve loquat solid content and tree tray film-covering cultivation method, make the source of bagging material solve easily, have convenient management, beneficially improve loquat fruit solid content (being fruit sweetness) etc.), it is beneficial to reduce the fruit cracking rate and increase the yield, thereby further obviously increasing the production benefit of the loquat fruit grower.

The present invention is realized by following technical scheme, this present invention can improve the fruit bagging of loquat solid content and tree tray film-covering cultivation method, it is characterized in that comprising adopting following method step:

A, fruit thinning, that is, when loquat trees bloom and bear young fruits every year, fruit thinning (even flower thinning) should be carried out, and young loquat fruits with relatively consistent growth should be kept, but the number of fruits per ear can only be kept 3 or 3 less than 3 young fruits (that is, do not have more than 3 young fruits);

B, bagging for the first time (bagging for the first time), namely when the young loquat fruit grows to a diameter of 1--2cm, use a foam plastic net cover as a bag to cover the young fruit. The purpose of bagging for the first time is to prevent hazards to birds;

C, bagging for the second time, that is, after the growth of loquat fruit in 40--60 days, the diameter is between 3--5cm, after the fruit is fully expanded, carry out bagging for the second time, and the size of the bagged fruit is different now. Change again, enter the mature stage of color change, and the opening of the second bagging should form a 45-degree angle with the ground horizontal line, which is conducive to the penetration of light and improves the light transmission and air permeability of the bagged fruit;

D. Mulch film (film) covers the tree tray, that is, after the second bagging, when 5%--10% of the loquat fruits in the orchard begin to turn color, use agricultural mulch to cover the tree tray to help reduce the excess moisture of the tree body Absorption and reduction of fruit cracking rate, because the loquat fruit enters the period of color change (that is, the ripening period) and the rainfall is large, so when 5%--10% of the fruit in the orchard begins to change color, use agricultural plastic film to cover the tree tray (plastic film ( PE film) with a thickness of 0.025mm), completely covering the area in the tree tray, which is beneficial to reduce the absorption of excess water by the root system and reduce the fruit cracking rate.

Above-mentioned method step of the present invention can also be further specifically:

One, the foamed plastic net cover used in the step of bagging for the first time (bagging for the first time) is to adopt the polyethylene (PE) material that wire diameter is 1.5--2.0mm to weave, and make net length be 6.0--8.0cm, mesh width 4.0--6.0cm, hole diameter 8--10mm (Note: Foam net sleeves can be purchased from professional manufacturers).

2. The bagging used in the second bagging step is made of paper-aluminum-plastic composite film material composed of kraft paper, aluminum foil and PE, and the left and right sides of the bag are closed edges And parallel to each other, the upper (or lower) periphery is closed, and the lower (or upper) periphery is open (Note: Paper-aluminum-plastic composite film bags can be made from food packaging bags, or purchased from professional manufacturers), due to the use of The bagging of paper-aluminum-plastic composite film has a strong barrier performance to external water vapor.

Three, when carrying out mulching film (film) to cover tree disc step described, the thickness of the mulching film (agricultural PE film) that adopts is 0.025mm. The thickness of the agricultural film used to cover the tree tray is 0.025mm, which has good light transmission. After the second bagging, the loquat enters the mature stage of color change. At this time, there is often a lot of rainfall and high air humidity. In the orchard, there is 5%-- When 10% of the fruits begin to change color, cover the tree tray with agricultural mulch film (PE film), and completely cover the area in the tree tray to help reduce the absorption of excess water by the tree root system and reduce the fruit cracking rate.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts the method that the loquat fruit adopts the bag made of foamed plastic net cover and paper-based composite packaging material (paper-aluminum-plastic composite film) to carry out bagging twice successively, and when the loquat fruit changes color and ripens When the film is covered under the tree tray, it effectively solves and improves the barrier performance of the fruit tree root system to the external water vapor (it can reduce the absorption of excess water by the root system), and the sugar content (fruit sweetness) is high, which reduces the loquat fruit. Fruit cracking rate, and the difficult problem of light-shielding pests encroaching on the fruit surface, the fruit skin is fine and hairy, and there is no disease spot. Tray-covered cultivation method) can make full use of the light, heat and water resources in the southern loquat fruit area, creating necessary conditions for the production of high-quality loquats, and is very conducive to increasing the income of fruit farmers. The average solid content of bagged loquats in this way can reach 12%-13%, the highest can reach 13.5%, the good fruit rate is above 85% (single fruit weight can reach 75g), no cracked fruit and disease spots, and the fruit hair is intact .

(four), specific implementation

Below is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention: carry out fruit thinning after loquat blooms and forms young fruit, and each fruit ear stays fruit and can not be more than 3, when young fruit diameter size is 1--2cm, utilize net length 6.0-2cm 8.0cm, net width 4.0-6.0cm, hole diameter 8-10mm, wire diameter 1.5-2.0mm foam plastic net cover for the first bagging to prevent the harm of birds, after the first bagging, the fruit after 40-- After 60 days of growth, when the diameter of the fruit is fully expanded and the diameter is between 3--5cm, the second bagging is carried out. At this time, the size of the fruit in the bagging does not change or changes little. The opening forms a 45-degree angle with the horizontal line of the ground, which is conducive to the penetration of light and improves the light permeability and air permeability of the fruit after bagging. After the second bagging, the loquat enters the ripening stage of color change. At this time, there is often a lot of rainfall and high air humidity. , when 5-10% of the fruit in the orchard begins to turn color, cover the tree tray with agricultural plastic film (PE film), the thickness of which is 0.025mm, and completely cover the area inside the canopy, which can effectively solve and improve the fruit's external contact. The water vapor barrier property is beneficial to reduce the absorption of excess water by the root system, which is beneficial to reduce the rate of fruit cracking and sunburn. Loquat has high sugar content.

Other cultivation management method steps of the present invention are the same as the prior art.

Claims (2)

1. fruit bagging and tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content is characterized in that comprising and adopts the following methods step:

A, fruit thinning are namely bloomed in every year when the loquat trees and are tied the young fruit time, carry out flower and fruit thinning, leave and take the more consistent loquat young fruit of growth, but each fruit ear fruit number can only keep 3 or 3 following young fruits;

B, bagging (bagging first) for the first time namely when loquat growth of young to diameter is 1--2cm, adopt the foamed plastics net to be enclosed within on young fruit;

C, bagging for the second time, namely in the growth of loquat through 40-60 days, diameter is between 3--5cm, after fruit expands fully, carry out bagging for the second time, and the opening of bagging should form miter angle with the ground level line for the second time, in the described step of bagging for the second time, bagging used is to adopt the plastic-aluminum combined thin-film material of paper that is made of brown paper, aluminium foil and PE to make, described bagging is to make left periphery and right periphery is closed sides and is parallel to each other, the closed following peripheral of upper periphery opening, or the Bag structure of the closed upper periphery opening in following peripheral;

D, plastic mulching tree dish namely after the secondary bagging, when the loquat that 5%--10% is arranged in the orchard begins annesl, with agricultural mulching overlay tree dish, are beneficial to reduce root system to the absorption of excessive moisture and reduce the dehiscent fruit rate.

2. fruit bagging and the tree dish plastic-film-covered cultivation method that can improve the loquat solid content according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when carrying out plastic mulching tree dish step, the mulch film that adopts is that the thickness of PE film is 0.025mm described.