CN102371379A - Surface Covering Drill Having Excellent Abrasion Resistance And Swarf Extraction Performance - Google Patents

Surface Covering Drill Having Excellent Abrasion Resistance And Swarf Extraction Performance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102371379A
CN102371379A CN2011101940627A CN201110194062A CN102371379A CN 102371379 A CN102371379 A CN 102371379A CN 2011101940627 A CN2011101940627 A CN 2011101940627A CN 201110194062 A CN201110194062 A CN 201110194062A CN 102371379 A CN102371379 A CN 102371379A
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drill bit
drill
constitutes
course
particle diameter
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CN102371379B (en
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田中耕一
田中裕介
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2010229403A external-priority patent/JP5682217B2/en
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Abstract

The invention provides a surface covering drill. A rigid covering layer can have excellent abrasion resistance and swarf extraction performance even in a condition of processing a drill hole used for high feed and dry-type longhole. A grain diameter composed of belongings of (Ti1-xAlx)N{x=0-0.6} is arranged on a surface directly or through an intermediate layer of a drill base of the surface covering drill. Average sizes of grains forming the grain control layer are gradually decreased from a front end of the drill to the rear in a range of 1-100 when observing shapes of the grains covered with films along an area of five times of the diameter of the drill base in a swarf extraction groove of the drill.

Description

The surface that mar proof and smear metal discharge property is excellent coats drill bit
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of leading section periphery and form chip discharging grooves, towards the front end of the inner peripheral surface of drill bit direction of rotation blade is set in this chip discharging grooves simultaneously, be mainly used in the drill bit that the machining object that metal material is constituted is holed and processed at drill main body.
Background technology
As this drill bit; It is known that to have with the axis be that the center centers on the roughly columned drill main body that this axis rotates on the drill bit direction of rotation front is a blade part; The periphery helically of this blade part form relative axis mutually symmetrically along the front end face of this blade part, be the front end of drill main body after the knife face a pair of chip discharging grooves reversed to the rear side of drill bit direction of rotation around axis of gusset to the back-end, in the inner peripheral surface of these chip discharging grooves behind the front of the part of drill bit direction of rotation and above-mentioned front end the solid bit of the so-called two-edged of the crest line portion of the intersecting formation blade of knife face.Therefore; In this solid bit; Above-mentioned chip discharging grooves inner peripheral surface is the rake face of this blade towards the front of the part of drill bit direction of rotation; The smear metal that is generated by blade is from the inner peripheral surface of this rake face sliding-contact chip discharging grooves, and sees rear end side off and discharge through reversing of this chip discharging grooves.And, in this drill bit, in order to improve the mar proof of drill main body, and then adopted several different methods.
For example; Disclose following surface in the patent documentation 1 and coated instrument: lamination is two-layer by general formula (M; Al) (C; N) clad of (M represent from 4,5,6 family's elements, Si and rare earth element, select at least a metal) expression, in the aforementioned clad, first clad that coats matrix surface is that 0.1~1 μ m, average crystallite diameter are that the granular crystal of 0.01~1 μ m constitutes by bed thickness; In the aforementioned clad; Second clad that coats first cover surface is that the column crystal that the relative aforementioned substrates of 0.5~5 μ m is grown up in vertical direction constitutes by bed thickness, and the relative aforementioned substrates of this column crystal is 0.05~0.3 μ m at the average crystallite width of parallel direction, and the average crystallite width of aforementioned second clad is greater than the average crystallite diameter of aforementioned first clad.
In addition, the surface-coated cutting tool that on the thick granular TiN layer of 5~50nm, forms the thick column TiCN layer of 1~8 μ m is disclosed in the patent documentation 2.
In addition, disclose in the patent documentation 3 from the outer circumference end of blade backward the D outer diameter of distolateral relative blade coat the drill bit of hard coat in interior length range until 3D.
In addition, disclose in the patent documentation 4 on the leading section surface of drill main body and coated hard coat, and then after the inner peripheral surface of chip discharging grooves coats hard coat, implemented the drill bit of attrition process.
In addition, the drill bit that grinds the zone of chip discharging grooves in the hard coating layer and expose mother metal is disclosed in the patent documentation 5.
Patent documentation 1: No. 2007/111301 brochure of International Publication
Patent documentation 2: japanese kokai publication hei 6-108254 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2003-275909 communique
Patent documentation 4: TOHKEMY 2003-275910 communique
Patent documentation 5: japanese kokai publication hei 8-174341 communique
Hole the in recent years FAization highly significant of processing unit (plant), on this basis, labourization, energy-conservationization, cost degradation and efficient activity are saved in strong request boring processing; Accompany therewith; Exist to require high feeding, high cutting-in etc. deep hole is with the tendency of boring processing more efficiently, but present situation is: coat in the drill bit on aforementioned existing surface, under general condition can not produce special problem when boring various steel of processing or cast iron; But high feeding, dry Deep in the chip discharging grooves that need to be used to mar proof and smear metal easy blocking drill bit add man-hour with boring; Smear metal easy blocking chip discharging grooves, reason reaches service life within a short period of time thus.
Summary of the invention
Therefore; Present inventors are from considering like above-mentioned viewpoint; Add with boring and also can show excellent mar proof and smear metal man-hour and discharge the long lifetime that the surface of property coats drill bit in order to realize promptly being used in high feeding, dry Deep, with bit face with for example by (Ti 1-xAl x) when the hard coating layer that constitutes of the constituent class of N{x=0~0.6} constitutes, being conceived to the grain structure of this hard coating layer, the result who furthers investigate has drawn following opinion.
(a) found as hard coating layer; A kind of ion plating apparatus of barometric gradient type Ar plasma gun that utilizes as the physical vapor deposition device in that the sketch of for example Fig. 1 is represented is installed bit matrix; Under the specified conditions below for example, and along apart from the distance of bit matrix front end gradually with increasing under the membrance casting condition of the film forming speed on the adjustment bit matrix reactive vapor deposition form for example (Ti 1-xAl x) N during layer that the constituent class of x=0~0.6} constitutes, the surface that possesses hard coating layer that forms thus coats drill bit and coats drill bit with existing surface and compare, at a high speed, show excellent mar proof in the dry Deep processing and property is discharged in smear metal.
The tool base temperature: 360~450 ℃,
Evaporation source 1: metal Ti,
Plasma gun discharge power to evaporation source 1: 8~13kW,
Evaporation source 2: metal A l,
Plasma gun discharge power to evaporation source 2: 7~10kW,
Reaction gas flow: nitrogen (N 2) gas 80~100sccm,
Discharge gas: argon (Ar) gas 40~50sccm,
The Dc bias that bit matrix is applied :+3~+ 10V.
(b) confirm behind the section structure with the said hard coating layer of transmission electron microscopy: shown in the sectional stereogram of Fig. 2; On the longitudinal section of bed thickness direction; Chisel edge portion forms the crystal grain of relative bit matrix surface at the column crystal of vertical direction growth; In addition; The mean aspect ratio of crystal grain rearward reduces in 1~100 scope from chisel edge in the zone of 5 times of diameter lengths of the length direction from chisel edge along bit matrix to drill bit gradually, and is more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters apart from the locational mean aspect ratio of 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion.
(c) and then find, if constitute the hard coating layer that the surface coats drill bit, then bring into play following effect by the hard coating layer with said grain structure (below, particle diameter key-course).That is, height is warm, the effect of high load capacity owing to receiving for the leading section of back knife face, thus constitute by the film of column crystal, thus realize high abrasion resistance.And then; In the chip discharging grooves; Import the column crystal of realizing mar proof at heat, load is big on the mechanics leading section, import the granular crystal of keeping low resistance to sliding between long-term at the back quadrate part that is difficult to send into smear metal of becoming on the other hand, and gradually change along chip discharging grooves through them; Be implemented in the mechanism that discharges smear metal in long-time, thus at a high speed, the state that can keep mar proof in the dry Deep processing improves smear metal discharge property down.
The present invention is based on above-mentioned opinion and accomplishes, and has following characteristic:
The mar proof that a kind of long-term performance is excellent and the surface of smear metal discharge property coat drill bit; On the bit matrix that constitutes by cemented carbide sintered body, cubic boron nitride sintered compact, cermet or high-speed steel, directly or through the intermediate layer exist on surface as the particle diameter key-course by (Ti 1-xAl x) hard coating layer of bed thickness 0.2~5 μ m that constitutes of the constituent class of N{x=0~0.6}, it is characterized in that,
When observing the grain shape in film cross section of back knife face of said chisel edge portion, the crystal grain that constitutes the particle diameter key-course is made up of the column crystal of width 10~100nm, height 0.2~1.5 μ m, and
In the chip discharging grooves of said drill bit; In the zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 along bit matrix from front end; When observing the grain shape in overlay film cross section; The mean aspect ratio that constitutes the crystal grain of particle diameter key-course rearward reduces in 1~100 scope from chisel edge gradually, and is more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters apart from the locational mean aspect ratio of 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion.
(2) surface according to record in (1) coats drill bit, it is characterized in that, the bed thickness of said particle diameter key-course is from rearward increase in the scope of 0.2~5.0 μ m near the position of chisel edge gradually.
(3) surface according to record in (1) or (2) coats drill bit; It is characterized in that; Said intermediate layer has any individual layer in the complex nitride that complex nitride, Cr and Al that nitride or carbide, carbonitride or the Ti of Ti and complex nitride, Ti, Al and Si that Al constitutes constitute constitute or the laminar structure that is made up of multilayer, and bed thickness is below the 5 μ m.
Below the present invention will be described.
In the particle diameter key-course of the hard coating layer that constitutes coating drill bit in surface of the present invention; When observing the grain shape in film cross section of back knife face of chisel edge portion, the crystal grain that constitutes the particle diameter key-course is the column crystal of width 10~100nm, height 0.2~1.5 μ m.At this, width is 10nm when following, is difficult to keep intensity, when 100nm is above, becomes thick and become damaged reason, thereby width is decided to be 10~100nm.In addition, highly be 0.2 μ m when following, mar proof is not enough, when 1.5 μ m are above, because of residual stress is easy to generate damagedly, can not brings into play sufficient tool performance, thereby highly be decided to be 0.2~1.5 μ m.In addition, if consist of (Ti 1-xAl x) the value of ratio of components x (wherein, being atomic ratio) during N exceeds 0.6, crystalline texture changes and can not get desired results, thereby the value of x is decided to be below 0.6.
And then the result that the inventor tests for vapor deposition forms the particle diameter key-course in a large number finds that the irradiation of working pressure gradient type plasma gun is put into the siege of raw material and made the Ar plasma evaporation; Be used in the reactive vapour deposition method of physical vapor deposition film on the substrate; Along when the distance of bit matrix front end is carried out reactive vapor deposition under the membrance casting condition of the film forming speed on the adjustment bit matrix gradually with increasing, in the chip discharging grooves of drill bit, in the zone of times diameter length of the length direction to 5 along bit matrix from front end; When observing the grain shape in overlay film cross section; As shown in Figure 2, the particle diameter key-course of chisel edge portion is made up of width 10~100nm, the height high column crystal of length-width ratio suitable with bed thickness, on the other hand; For example in the chip discharging grooves of bit matrix; On the position of 5 times of diameters of chisel edge, the particle diameter key-course is made up of the low granular crystal grain of length-width ratio, and its length-width ratio is in the zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 along bit matrix from chisel edge; In 1~100 scope, reduce gradually, and be more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters apart from the locational mean aspect ratio of 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion.
And, grow the value of minor face value of minimum diameter of the vertical direction on limit relatively divided by expression for the long boundary values of the line segment of the expression maximum gauge of measuring each crystal grain in this so-called " length-width ratio ".
In addition; " zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 from front end along bit matrix " is meant that with the bit wing blade front end with the central axes of drill bit be starting point; Be that the direction of bar is carried out instrumentation, the zone of 5 double-length degree of the maximum gauge in the plane vertical with the central shaft of drill bit rearward.
In addition, when " width " of crystal grain was meant by cross-section particle diameter key-course, the line segment of the length 10 μ m that almost on the height of thickness 1/2nd, mark abreast with the drill bit base material was divided by crystal boundary, and removed the mean value of each length of the part at line segment two ends.
In addition; When " highly " of crystal grain is meant by cross-section particle diameter key-course; With respect to the line segment almost parallel with the drill bit base material, the 10 length line segment suitable with thickness that vertically marks with the interval of 0.1 μ m divided by crystal boundary, and removes the mean value of each length of the part at each line segment two ends.
And; " length-width ratio in the zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 along bit matrix, in 1~100 scope, reduce gradually " from chisel edge be meant with the ad-hoc location be on the arbitrfary point of center in the zone of width 1mm by aforementioned content-defined numerical value less than being the numerical value that is defined equally on the arbitrfary point of center the zone of width 1mm to leave the position that exceeds 5mm at least to the chisel edge direction from ad-hoc location.That is,,, do not depart from the scope of the present invention even for example the length-width ratio of the crystal grain in the zone of aforementioned width 1mm does not reduce gradually if satisfy aforementioned condition yet.
Surface of the present invention coats drill bit on the bit matrix that is made up of cemented carbide sintered body, cubic boron nitride sintered compact, cermet or high-speed steel; Directly or the bed thickness of any individual layer in the complex nitride that constitutes of the nitride through having Ti or carbide, carbonitride or Ti and the Al complex nitride, Ti, Al and the Si that the constitute complex nitride, Cr and the Al that constitute or the laminar structure that constitutes by multilayer be the intermediate layer below the 5 μ m, exist on surface as the particle diameter key-course by (Ti 1-xAl x) hard coating layer of bed thickness 0.2~5 μ m that constitutes of the constituent class of N{x=0~0.6}; When observing the grain shape in film cross section of back knife face of chisel edge portion; The crystal grain of formation particle diameter key-course is made up of the column crystal of width 10~100nm, height 0.2~1.5 μ m, and
In the chip discharging grooves of drill bit; In the zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 along bit matrix from front end; When observing the grain shape in overlay film cross section; The mean aspect ratio that constitutes the crystal grain of particle diameter key-course rearward reduces in 1~100 scope from chisel edge gradually, and is more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters apart from the locational mean aspect ratio of 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion, thereby can realize excellent mar proof and smear metal discharge property.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows and is used for vapor deposition and forms the ion plating apparatus sketch of barometric gradient type Ar plasma gun that surface of the present invention coats the hard coating layer (particle diameter key-course) of drill bit.
Fig. 2 shows the sectional stereogram that surface of the present invention coats the hard coating layer (particle diameter key-course) of drill bit.
The specific embodiment
Then, specify surface of the present invention through embodiment and coat drill bit.
[embodiment]
As material powder, prepare the WC powder of average grain diameter 0.8 μ m, the Cr of average grain diameter 2.3 μ m 3C 2The Co powder of the VC powder of powder, average grain diameter 1.5 μ m and average grain diameter 1.8 μ m; These material powders are fitted in the cooperation shown in the table 1 respectively to be formed; And then add paraffin and in acetone, carried out ball mill mixing 24 hours; After the drying under reduced pressure, be the various pressed compacts of regulation shape with the pressure punch forming of 100MPa, with these pressed compacts in the vacuum atmosphere of 6Pa; Programming rate with 7 ℃/min is warming up to the set point of temperature in 1370~1470 ℃ of scopes; After keeping 1 hour under this temperature, sintering and form tool base and form and use the round bar sintered body under the condition of in stove, cooling off, and then make the groove portion of formation through grinding respectively by aforesaid round bar sintered body and have bit matrix D-1~D-4 that size that diameter * length is 8mm * 48mm and torsion angle are the WC base cemented carbide system of the 30 two-edged shapes spent.
Then; Blade to these bit matrix D-1~D-4 is implemented honing; In acetone, carry out ultrasonic waves for cleaning; Under dried state, be installed on a kind of ion plating apparatus that utilizes barometric gradient type Ar plasma gun that the sketch of Fig. 1 is represented as the physical vapor deposition device; Under following specified conditions (table 2); Be adjusted into the purpose that increases gradually along the distance apart from the bit matrix front end with the film forming speed on the bit matrix, for example as shown in Figure 1, the leading section of bit matrix carries the axle of horizontalization face vertical direction to make the bit matrix rotation under the state of angle that keeps 25 degree to the top and with respect to siege from level; Be that rotary middle spindle revolves round the sun and carries out reactive vapor deposition simultaneously, make the present invention surface that forms modification particle diameter key-course thus respectively and coat drill bit 1~13 with the composition shown in the table 3 and tissue with the axle of this vertical direction.
The tool base temperature: 360~450 ℃,
Evaporation source 1: metal Ti,
Plasma gun discharge power to evaporation source 1: 8~13kW,
Evaporation source 2: metal A l,
Plasma gun discharge power to evaporation source 2: 7~10kW,
Reaction gas flow: nitrogen (N 2) gas 80~100sccm,
Discharge gas: argon (Ar) gas 40~50sccm,
The Dc bias that bit matrix is applied :+3~+ 10V.
In addition; From comparing purpose; Honing is implemented on surface to these bit matrix D-1~D-4; In acetone, carry out ultrasonic waves for cleaning; Under dried state, likewise be installed on the ion plating apparatus that utilizes barometric gradient type Ar plasma gun shown in Figure 1,, make bit matrix rotation (not shown) carrying under the state of horizontalization face keeping parallelism with siege from the purpose that the whole zone that spreads all over bit matrix is formed uniform hard coating layer; Be that rotary middle spindle revolves round the sun and carries out reactive vapor deposition with the axle of this vertical direction simultaneously, the comparison surface that the surface that is manufactured on bit matrix D-1~D-4 thus respectively forms the existing layer with the composition shown in the table 4 and tissue coats drill bit 1~11.
Then; The invention described above surface is coated drill bit 1~13 coat the dry type high-speed drilling cut test (general cutting speed and feed speed are respectively 50m/min, 0.12mm/rev) that drill bit 1~11 carries out the steel alloy under the following condition, measure wear of the tool flank width until preceding terminal knife edge face and reach 0.3mm or reach damaged boring and add number until instrument with comparison surface.This mensuration is the result be shown in respectively in the table 3,4.
Be cut material: the sheet material of the SCMN439 of planar dimension 100mm * 250mm thickness 50mm,
Cutting speed: 80m/min.,
Feed speed: 0.25mm/rev.,
Hole depth: 20mm.
[table 1]
Figure BSA00000536568600091
Figure BSA00000536568600111
Through the energy dispersion type x-ray analysis that uses transmission electron microscope measure constitute the present invention surface that obtains thus coat drill bit 1~13 hard coating layer modification particle diameter key-course and constitute the composition of existing layer that comparison surface coats the hard coating layer of drill bit 1~11, the result demonstrates respectively and target is formed the identical composition of essence.
In addition, use the average bed thickness of the aforementioned hard coating layer of scanning electron microscope section gauge, the result all demonstrates the mean value (mean values at 5 places) identical with the abundant matter of destination layer.
By table 3, the result shown in 4; The present invention surface coats drill bit when the grain shape in the film cross section of the back knife face of observing chisel edge portion; The crystal grain of formation particle diameter key-course is made up of the column crystal of width 10~100nm, height 0.2~1.5 μ m; And in the chip discharging grooves of drill bit; In the zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 along bit matrix from front end, when observing the grain shape in overlay film cross section, the mean aspect ratio that constitutes the crystal grain of particle diameter key-course rearward reduces in 1~100 scope from chisel edge gradually; And the locational mean aspect ratio apart from 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion is more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters, thereby can realize excellent mar proof and smear metal discharge property.
Relatively clearly can know therewith; Mean aspect ratio with the crystal grain that constitutes hard coating layer from chisel edge rearward the comparison surface of unconverted existing layer coat the drill bit; It is insufficient that property is discharged in smear metal, thus because of collapse cutter, generation damaged, that peel off reaches service life within a short period of time.
Industrial applicibility
As stated; Surface of the present invention coats drill bit because the mean aspect ratio of the crystal grain of formation hard coating layer (particle diameter key-course) rearward reduces from chisel edge gradually in 1~100 scope; And the locational mean aspect ratio apart from 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion is more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters; Thereby property is discharged in the smear metal that possesses excellence; And, even discharging property, this excellent smear metal between high feeding, dry Deep are passed through for a long time down with the boring processing conditions, also can keep high abrasion resistance.

Claims (3)

1. the surface coating drill bit of property is discharged in the mar proof of one kind long-term performance excellence and smear metal; On the bit matrix that constitutes by cemented carbide sintered body, cubic boron nitride sintered compact, cermet or high-speed steel, directly or through the intermediate layer exist on surface as the particle diameter key-course by (Ti 1-xAl x) hard coating layer of bed thickness 0.2~5 μ m that constitutes of the constituent class of N, wherein x=0~0.6 is characterized in that,
When observing the grain shape in film cross section of back knife face of said chisel edge portion, the crystal grain that constitutes the particle diameter key-course is made up of the column crystal of width 10~100nm, height 0.2~1.5 μ m, and
In the chip discharging grooves of said drill bit; In the zone of times diameter length of the length to 5 along bit matrix from front end; When observing the grain shape in overlay film cross section; The mean aspect ratio that constitutes the crystal grain of particle diameter key-course rearward reduces in 1~100 scope from chisel edge gradually, and is more than 2 times of locational mean aspect ratio of 5 times of diameters apart from the locational mean aspect ratio of 0.01 times of diameter of chisel edge portion.
2. surface according to claim 1 coats drill bit, it is characterized in that,
The bed thickness of said particle diameter key-course is from rearward increase in the scope of 0.2~5.0 μ m near the position of chisel edge gradually.
3. surface according to claim 1 and 2 coats drill bit, it is characterized in that,
Said intermediate layer has any individual layer in the complex nitride that complex nitride, Cr and Al that nitride or carbide, carbonitride or the Ti of Ti and complex nitride, Ti, Al and Si that Al constitutes constitute constitute or the laminar structure that is made up of multilayer, and bed thickness is below the 5 μ m.
CN201110194062.7A 2010-07-09 2011-07-07 The surface coated drill of mar proof and chip discharge excellence Expired - Fee Related CN102371379B (en)

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JP2010-156518 2010-07-09
JP2010156518 2010-07-09
JP2010-229403 2010-10-12
JP2010229403A JP5682217B2 (en) 2010-07-09 2010-10-12 Surface coated drill with excellent wear resistance and chip evacuation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104117715A (en) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-29 佑能工具株式会社 Drilling tool
CN105269622A (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-27 佑能工具株式会社 Drilling tool
CN107649706A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-02 中北大学 A kind of vibration cutting device for deep hole machining

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104117715A (en) * 2013-04-25 2014-10-29 佑能工具株式会社 Drilling tool
TWI549766B (en) * 2013-04-25 2016-09-21 佑能工具股份有限公司 Drilling tool
CN104117715B (en) * 2013-04-25 2016-09-21 佑能工具株式会社 Boring bar tool
CN105269622A (en) * 2014-07-08 2016-01-27 佑能工具株式会社 Drilling tool
TWI577471B (en) * 2014-07-08 2017-04-11 Union Tool Kk Drilling tools
CN105269622B (en) * 2014-07-08 2018-04-06 佑能工具株式会社 Boring bar tool
CN107649706A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-02-02 中北大学 A kind of vibration cutting device for deep hole machining
CN107649706B (en) * 2017-10-18 2023-09-15 中北大学 Vibration cutting device for deep hole machining

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