CN101400465A - Surface-coated tool - Google Patents
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- CN101400465A CN101400465A CNA2007800083680A CN200780008368A CN101400465A CN 101400465 A CN101400465 A CN 101400465A CN A2007800083680 A CNA2007800083680 A CN A2007800083680A CN 200780008368 A CN200780008368 A CN 200780008368A CN 101400465 A CN101400465 A CN 101400465A
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Abstract
A surface coated tool including a substrate, and stacked layers composed of two coating layers represented by the following general formula (1) on the substrate is provided. A first coating layer to be coated on the surface of the substrate, which has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 [mu]m, is composed of a granular crystal having a mean crystal diameter of 0.01 to 0.1[mu]m. A second coating layer to be coated on the surface of the first coating layer, which has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 [mu]m, is composed of columnar crystal grown in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and the columnar crystal has a mean crystal width of 0.05 to 0.3[mu]m in a direction parallel to the substrate while a mean crystal width thereof is larger than the mean crystal diameter of the first coating layer. [Formula 3] M 1 - a Al a (C b N 1-b ) (1) wherein, M represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of the elements of Groups 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table, Si and rare earth elements, ''a'' satisfies the relation of 0.25 a 0.75, and ''b'' satisfies the relation of 0 b 1.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates on the surface of matrix, form the surface-coated tool that hard lining tunic forms.
Background technology
Recently, in surface-coated tool as described, use has the method that forms various hard coatings and make sliding, mar proof, the raising of anti-damaged property on the surface of the hard material of WC base superhard alloy, TiCN based ceramic metal etc., wherein, hard coating by physical vapor synthetic method film forming, because high rigidity and wearability height, thereby the various uses of being widely used in.As described physical vapor synthetic method, the method for using arc ions plating method and sputtering method to form the TiAIN layer can be carried out well, in addition, has also studied the improvement that is used to make the TiAIN layer that prolongs life tools.
For example, in patent documentation 1, disclose by formation and make the TiAIN layer of the TiAIN layer of soft and high rigidity mutual, made and the close property of the basic unit of hard film and the technology that mar proof improves in abutting connection with stacked hard film.As concrete hard film, record following formation, promptly be layered in bias voltage and be-10～-form the soft layer of the Al that contains 0.1～0.4 ratio under the condition of 30V, with at bias voltage be-50～-contain the formation of high rigidity layer of the Al of 0.4～0.75 ratio under the condition of 100V.
But, as patent documentation 1, mutual in stacked hard coating at the TiAIN layer of TiAIN layer that makes soft and high rigidity, though the mar proof of the close property of matrix and hard coating improves, but because the deviation of the karyogenesis situation at the concavo-convex and film forming initial stage of matrix surface, the tissue of hard coating and composition have uneven part, and be also not necessarily abundant as the mar proof and the anti-damaged property of hard coating integral body.Particularly sharp in the cutting blade shape, the cutting element of Precision Machining etc. of flatness that is used for the finished surface of requirement cutting, existing on the initial stage cutting blade of machining small film peels off and generations such as tipping, finished finished surface roughness worsens, the problem of the lifetime of cutting element.
In patent documentation 2, the multilayer lining hard tool that forms following [A] layer and [B] layer by the ion plating method is in proper order disclosed, should use (Ti by [A] layer
0.95Al
0.05), (Ti
0.85Al
0.15) the ratio of target Ti be 75～98 atom %, at (111) planar orientation, should use (Ti by [B] layer
0.5Al
0.5), (Ti
0.3Al
0.7) target, the ratio of Ti be 20～65 atom % at (200) planar orientation, disclose and can suppress epitaxial growth at the interface of [A] layer and [B] layer and import the remaining compression stress that a lot of lattice defects relax epitheliums, be possible technology thereby the thickness of epithelium is changed into.
But, as Patent Document 2, order form to use the ratio of the high target Ti of the ratio of Ti high (promptly, the ratio of Al is low) [A] layer, use the ratio of the low target Ti of the ratio of Ti low (promptly, the ratio height of Al) in the multilayer of [B] the lining hard tool, though the thickness of epithelium change into be possible, and can be able to prevent peeling off of tipping in the thick film and epithelium, have the hardness of hard coating to reduce and the problem of mar proof deterioration.Also have, in this case, owing to imported lattice defect in a large number, so the growth of the TiAIN layer heterogeneity that becomes, homogenieity that might the hard coating is impaired and the finished surface roughness worsens.
In patent documentation 3, disclosing by form particle diameter on mother metal surface is TiAIN tunicle below the 50nm, thereby can improve the mar proof of tunicle, and can have both the tunicle of anti-damaged property.In addition, according to patent documentation 4, the length/width that discloses the crystal grain footpath by making the TiAIN hard films promptly directly is formed on the column crystallization of vertical length than the scope that is 1～7 by the crystal grain that makes the TiAIN hard films, thereby obtains hard films coated tool that the stable life-span grows etc.
But, as patent documentation 3, in the particle diameter of TiAIN tunicle is tunicle below the 50nm, though mar proof improves, but accumulated superfluous internal stress in the tunicle, the stress that this internal stress is reduced relaxes structure and the reduction of anti-damaged property might can be peeled off by the hard coating, or the tipping generation.In addition, as patent documentation 4, even make the crystal grain of TiAIN hard films directly be formed on the method for the column crystallization of vertical length, owing to cause that along the proterties of matrix surface the karyomorphism of hard coating becomes, and therefore only controls the mean value of the length/width ratio in crystal grain footpath, be difficult to control equably the tissue of column crystallization, deviation appears in the size of crystallization, and particularly at cutting blade, small film is peeled off and generations such as tipping, have finished finished surface roughness and worsen, make the problem of cutting element lifetime.
On the other hand, cubic boron nitride (cubic boron nitride) [cubic Boron Nitride.Below be abbreviated as cBN.] have and be only second to adamantine hardness, but it is different with diamond, do not have compatibility with Ferrious material, therefore the cBN base cutting element that with cBN is matrix is at ferrous material, particularly uses in the machining field of the stringent condition of the High-speed machining of high rigidity hardened steel or cast iron and the strong interrupted processing of low speed etc.
In addition, cBN base cutting element, also be used for the surface roughness of the very level and smooth machined surface of requirement and the quilt of machining accuracy in recent years and cut the precision machined field of material at the small articles of Φ (diameter) below the 30mm, therefore require more excellent cutting ability, i.e. the intensity of the flatness of machined surface and machining accuracy, the processing of anti-low speed.
Recently, in order in described machining, to obtain sufficient cutting ability, described as the physical vapor synthetic method, use arc ions plating method and sputtering method to be utilized well, and studied the improvement of the coating that is used for further prolonging life tools in the technology that the surface of described cBN base cutting element forms the lining tunic.
For example, in patent documentation 5, record by on the surface of the matrix that constitutes by cBN or diamond, forming the TiAIN film, and make the technology of mar proof, the raising of anti-damaged property.
But, as patent documentation 5, only on cBN base cutting element, form the TiAIN film by arc ions plating method, owing to exist at the unusual particle of growing up of tool surfaces, therefore the surface roughness of cutting blade becomes big, being cut on the cutting blade that material is piled up in instrument easily, is limited for the surface roughness that reduces machined surface therefore.In addition, in the Precision Machining of the wisp that low speed carries out, peel off, inordinate wear is also arranged thus and pile up the problem that takes place owing to film takes place the impact for cutting blade.
In patent documentation 6, record by forming and have the sandwich construction that the 2nd coating of peak-peak constitutes, the technology that adhesive force and film strength are all improved by the 1st coating that has peak-peak at (200) crystal face with at (111) crystal face.
But as patent documentation 6, when implementing the situation of the 1st layer of coating by low bias voltage, it is big that the average grain diameter of hard films becomes, and therefore the contact area with matrix diminishes, and consequently the adhesive force of hard films is insufficient, therefore film takes place in early days and peels off.In addition, owing to form the 2nd layer by high bias voltage, droplet takes place in a large number, and it is big that the surface roughness of tool surfaces becomes.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 11-61380 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 9-323205 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens flat 6-220608 communique
Patent documentation 4: the spy opens flat 10-315011 communique
Patent documentation 5: the spy opens flat 08-119774 communique
Patent documentation 6: the spy opens flat 10-330914 communique
Summary of the invention
Major subjects of the present invention is for providing a kind of surface-coated tool, and it is the proterties of the concavo-convex grade of matrix surface no matter, the hard coating organize fine and homogeneous, the mar proof of hard coating and anti-damaged property height.
Other problem of the present invention is for providing a kind of surface-coated tool, and it makes the surface state of cutting element level and smooth, and in having the Precision Machining of sufficient adhesive force the excellent cutting ability of performance.
Present inventors study with keen determination in order to solve described problem, the important results that draws is to find following situation, promptly on matrix surface during stacked two-layer specific coating, the proterties of the concavo-convex grade of matrix surface no matter, organizing of hard coating is fine and even, thereby the mar proof and the high surface-coated tool of anti-damaged property of formation hard coating, thereby finished the present invention.
Promptly, surface-coated tool of the present invention, it is characterized in that, possesses the stacked two-layer hard coating that forms by the coating of following general formula (1) expression at matrix surface, in described coating, overlayed on the 1st coating on the surface of described matrix, bed thickness is 0.1～1 μ m, by average crystal grain diameter is that the granular crystal of 0.01～0.1 μ m constitutes, in described coating, overlayed on the 2nd coating on the surface of described the 1st coating, bed thickness is 0.5～10 μ m, constitute by the column crystallization of growing up in vertical direction with respect to described matrix, this column crystallization be 0.05～0.3 μ m with respect to described matrix at the average crystal grain width of parallel direction, and the average crystal grain width of described the 2nd coating is bigger than the average crystal grain diameter of described the 1st coating.
[several 1]
M
1-aAl
a(C
bN
1-b)…(1)
(in the formula, M represents from the periodic table of elements the 4th, 5,6 family's elements, at least a metallic element of selecting in Si and the rare earth element.A satisfies the relational expression of 0.25≤a≤0.75.B satisfies the relational expression of 0≤b≤1.)
At this, in the above-described configuration, in described the 1st coating, the karyogenesis of the homogeneous the when condition that a in the described general formula (1) satisfies the relational expression of 0.55≤a≤0.75 helps to form the 2nd coating, and improving the hardness of the 1st coating, is preferred in this.
In addition, in the above-described configuration, in described the 2nd coating, the condition that a in the described general formula (1) satisfies the relational expression of 0.4≤a≤0.55 becomes easily the control of the average crystal grain width of the generation of the high column crystallization of the toughness of the 2nd coating and column crystallization, is preferred in this.
In the above-described configuration, on the surface of described the 2nd coating, exist bed thickness be the condition of the TiN layer of 0.05～1 μ m can easily estimate the affirmation instrument use whether, be preferred in this.
Described coating is that the condition of sputtered film can make coating form uniform tissue, is preferred in this.In more detail, the very level and smooth coating of surface roughness on the surface of the hard films that the defective of attachment in the time of can making the unusual growth of particle or film forming etc. is few can prolong life tools, is preferred in this.
In addition, above-mentioned matrix is during for the cBN matrix that is made of the cBN sintered body, and the hardness height of matrix surface even be difficult in the cBN matrix of film forming at coating, also can structure in the Precision Machining of the small articles of hardened steel obtains the adhesive force of sufficient coating.
At this, the cBN matrix is by to be that the structure of hard phase of principal component constitutes in conjunction with combining with cBN, and described combination contains titanium nitride and titanium carbide mutually, and this can improve the adhesive force of coating and cBN matrix, therefore preferably.
In addition, the surface of described coating is a unfocused surface, and maximum height Rz is in the scope of 0.05～0.5 μ m, and this can improve the adhesive force of matrix and coating, and, improve the machining accuracy of instrument, therefore preferred.
In addition, the manufacture method of cutting object of the present invention comprises: the operation of preparing cutting element, this cutting element is made of surface-coated tool, and the intersection rib portion that this surface-coated tool is included in rake face and withdrawing face is formed with the matrix that is made of described superhard alloy of cutting blade; The operation that described cutting blade is contacted with the surface that is cut thing; Make the rotation of described cutting blade and machining is cut the operation of thing; The operation that described cutting blade is left from the described surface that is cut thing can access the thing that is cut that machined surface roughness (finished surface roughness) improves like this, and is therefore preferred.Being fit to example as the 1st of described matrix is superhard alloy.In addition, the kind that is cut thing that is fit in the manufacture method of this cutting object is steel alloy or carbon steel, the mode of the machining that is fit to is that precision is gone into the processing of groove rotary cut or processing is cut in commentaries on classics, and these modes that are cut thing and machining also are suitable for using as the fine finishining that can reduce the machined surface roughness.
Also have, being fit to example as the 2nd of matrix is the cBN sintered body, in this case, in the manufacture method of cutting object, be that diameter is under the situation of the hardened steel below the 30mm particularly being cut thing, the machining that allows to obtain the excellence of the cutting object that the machined surface roughness improves becomes possibility, and is therefore preferred.
According to surface-coated tool of the present invention, in the coating of described general formula (1) expression, the bed thickness of the 1st coating of matrix side is 0.1～1 μ m, by average crystal grain diameter is that the granular crystal of 0.01～0.1 μ m constitutes, the bed thickness of the 2nd coating on the surface of the 1st coating is 0.5～10 μ m, constitute by the column crystallization of growing up in vertical direction with respect to described matrix, the average crystallite width of this column crystallization is 0.05～0.3 μ m, average crystal grain diameter than the 1st coating is big, by formation like this, in the matrix surface that has concavo-convex in a large number and defective, the 1st coating layer exhibiting acts on matrix surface uniformly, and fine and karyomorphism homogeneous becomes possibility at the surface of the 1st coating the 2nd coating.Consequently, the crystalline growth of the 2nd coating that is formed on the surface of this uniform the 1st coating is a column and fine, integral body as the hard coating, no matter the tissue of the concavo-convex hard coating of matrix surface and forming evenly becomes the mar proof and the high surface-coated tool of anti-damaged property of hard coating.And, because the bed thickness of each coating is controlled in the above-mentioned scope, thereby can realize the above-mentioned granular crystal of hard coating and the crystal form of column crystallization, can realize mar proof and anti-damaged property and deposit.
In addition, in described the 1st coating, because 0.55≤a≤0.75, so the average crystal grain diameter in the 1st coating can be controlled at 0.01～0.1 μ m, the karyogenesis of the homogeneous when forming the 2nd lining tunic can be encouraged, and the hardness of the 1st coating can be improved, therefore preferred.
In described the 2nd coating, because 0.4≤a≤0.55, institute is so that the easy control of the average crystallite width of the generation of the high column crystallization of the toughness of the 2nd coating and column crystallization becomes possibility, therefore preferably.
On the surface of described the 2nd coating, when existing bed thickness to be the TiN layer of 0.05～1 μ m, it is golden that the surface of surface-coated tool is, and when using this surface-coated tool, the TiN layer is subdued and golden the disappearance, and the use that therefore can easily estimate the affirmation instrument whether.
Described coating is by sputtering method lining, and the abnormal portion of the droplet that this generates in the time of can not making by arc ions plating method film forming etc. takes place, and can form uniform tissue, from this point for preferably.
Described matrix be by with in conjunction with combining be with cBN the cBN sintered body of hard phase of principal component constitute the cBN matrix time, the hardness height of matrix surface, even be difficult to form in the cBN matrix of coating, in the Precision Machining of the small articles of hardened steel, also can access the adhesive force of sufficient coating, even and cut in the small articles Precision Machining of material at the quilt of high rigidity, also have pile up few, can access high manufacturing accuracy, this effect of long-life instrument.In addition, because the 1st coating is made of fine particle, therefore the hard of the hardness of coating and cBN is approaching, the stress optimization that takes place during film forming, even be matrix consequently to be difficult to affine cBN sintered body with other materials, the sufficient adhesive force that in the Precision Machining of the small articles of hardened steel, also can access.
Thus, by on the surface of the cBN matrix that constitutes by the ultra-high pressure sintering body, forming above-mentioned coating, because the surface of cutting blade is very smooth, therefore can prevent owing to cut the generation of the built-up edge that the accumulation of material causes or highly cut the deterioration that the machined surface surface roughness of material is cut in vibration that impedance causes etc., and, improve by the adhesive force that makes described coating, and prevent that the film of coating from peeling off, even after long-time cutting, also can obtain excellent machined surface roughness.
According to the manufacture method of cutting object of the present invention, can access the cutting object that the machined surface roughness improves.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the approximate three-dimensional map of expression as an example of the surface-coated cutting tool of the embodiment example that is fit to of surface-coated tool of the present invention, (b) is the summary section that is illustrated in the part amplification of the near surface of the surface-coated cutting tool of demonstration in (a).
Fig. 2 is the fractographic enlarged image of expression as the section of the near surface of the surface-coated cutting tool of the embodiment example that is fit to of surface-coated tool of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is expression other routine approximate three-dimensional maps as the surface-coated cutting tool of the embodiment example that is fit to of surface-coated tool of the present invention, (b) is the summary section that is illustrated in the part amplification of the near surface of the surface-coated cutting tool of demonstration in (a).
The specific embodiment
Surface-coated (cutting) instrument
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing the surface-coated cutting tool as the embodiment example that is fit to of surface-coated tool of the present invention is at length described.Fig. 1 (a) is the approximate three-dimensional map of an example of this surface-coated cutting tool of expression, and Fig. 1 (b) is the summary section that is illustrated in the part expansion of the near surface of the surface-coated cutting tool of demonstration among Fig. 1 (a).Fig. 2 is the fractographic expanded view picture of section of the near surface of this surface-coated tool of expression.
Shown in Fig. 1 (a), this surface-coated cutting tool (below, the abbreviation instrument) 1 forms following structure: on interarea, have rake face 3, on the side, has withdrawing face 4, intersection rib portion at rake face 3 and withdrawing face 4 has cutting blade 5, forms hard coating (hereinafter to be referred as coating) 6 on the surface of matrix 2.
Hard coating 6, as Fig. 1 (b), shown in Figure 2, structure by the stacked at least two-layer coating by described general formula (1) expression on the surface of matrix 2 constitutes, the bed thickness of the 1st coating 6a of matrix 2 sides in the coating is 0.1～1 μ m, by average crystal grain diameter is that the granular crystal of 0.01～0.1 μ m constitutes, the bed thickness that quilt in the coating overlays on lip-deep the 2nd coating 6b of the 1st coating 6a is 0.5～10 μ m, constitute by the column crystallization of growing up in vertical direction with respect to matrix 2, and the average crystallite width of this column crystallization is 0.05～0.3 μ m, is made of the structure bigger than the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating 6a.Thus, even the surface of the matrix 2 that exists in a plurality of concavo-convex and defectives, the granular crystal that constitutes the 1st coating 6a has the surface effect uniformly that makes matrix 2, and therefore the karyomorphism of the homogeneous of the 2nd coating 6b becomes possibility in the surface of the 1st coating 6a.Consequently the crystalline growth at the 2nd coating 6b of the surface filming of this uniform the 1st coating 6a becomes fine, integral body as hard coating 6, no matter the anti-damaged property of the concavo-convex hard coating 6 on the surface of matrix 2 becomes evenly, becomes the mar proof and the high instrument 1 of anti-damaged property of hard coating 6.Particularly by with the layer thickness control of each coating 6a, 6b in above-mentioned scope, each coating 6a, 6b can be controlled to be above-mentioned crystallization particle diameter, can have mar proof and anti-damaged property concurrently.
Whether the 1st coating 6a, the 2nd coating 6b are made of described ad hoc structure respectively, for example can followingly try to achieve.Promptly, for example use scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM) to observe the surface of hard coating 6, can obtain the having or not of the 1st coating 6a and the 2nd coating 6b, their bed thickness, the crystallization particle diameter of granular crystal and the average crystallite width of column crystallization.In addition, by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM) when observing, disperse spectrum analysis (EDS) to measure the composition at any 3 places of each coating by energy, also their mean value can be calculated as the composition of each coating.
More particularly, the average crystal grain diameter of the granular crystal (granular particle) of so-called the 1st coating 6a (averaged particles footpath) meaning is the structure observation that arbitrary surfaces or the section to the 1st coating 6a uses scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM), the area of observing in the area of visual field more than 100nm * 100nm, calculate the particle that constitutes the 1st coating 6a by the image analysis method separately, after calculating their average area, be converted into the resulting diameter of a circle of the bowlder with this average area.
In addition, what is called is the structure observation that the arbitrary section of the 2nd coating 6b is used scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM) with respect to average crystallite width (averaged particles width) meaning of the surperficial parallel direction of the matrix 2 of the column crystallization (columnar-shaped particle) of the 2nd coating 6b, observe in the area of visual field more than 100nm * 100nm, to constituting the particle of the 2nd coating 6b, when measuring the crystallization width with respect to the surperficial parallel direction of the matrix in any bed thickness direction, their mean value.
At this, in described general formula (1), metallic element M represents at least a metallic element selected from the periodic table of elements the 4th, 5,6 family's elements, Si and rare earth element.As the described periodic table of elements the 4th, 5,6 family's metals, can exemplify out Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W etc., as described rare earth element, can exemplify out Y, Yb, Er, Ce etc., especially preferably contain the high Ti of hardness as described metallic element M.In addition, a satisfies the relational expression of 0.25≤a≤0.75.B satisfies the relational expression of 0≤b≤1.
On the other hand, by in the forming of the coating of described general formula (1) expression, a is than 0.25 hour, and mar proof reduces, and a is than 0.75 greatly the time, the reduction of anti-damaged property.
In addition, if the bed thickness of the 1st coating 6a is thin than 0.1 μ m, then make the effect of surperficial homogenising of matrix 2 insufficient, it is big that the 2nd coating 6b local average crystallization width becomes, the impaired mar proof reduction of homogenieity.If the bed thickness of the 1st coating 6a is thick than 1 μ m, then as the 2nd coating 6b because the effect that the high coating of anti-damaged property does not have stress to relax, the anti-damaged property reduction of possible hard coating 6 integral body.Also have, if the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating 6a is littler than 0.01 μ m, then the shortage conformability between the crystal grain of the 1st coating 6a and matrix 2 and the 2nd coating 6b becomes big, the interlayer compactness reduces, if the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating 6a is bigger than 0.1 μ m, then the 2nd coating 6b is difficult to obtain fine and uniform crystalline growth.
In addition, be more than the 0.5 μ m by the bed thickness that makes the 2nd coating 6b, can make the 2nd coating 6b form column crystallization, can become the high coating of toughness.On the contrary, when the bed thickness of the 2nd coating 6b is in 10 μ m, suitableization of internal stress can be become and the hard films that is difficult to peel off.Also have, the suitable scope of the bed thickness of the 2nd coating 6b is according to the use difference, being 0.5～5 μ m as the precise inner diameter machining when using, is 1～8 μ m when cutting processing with use as commentaries on classics for example.Also have, form the column crystallization of growing up in vertical direction by making the crystallization that constitutes the 2nd coating 6b, thereby have high tenacity, therefore can become hard films with high anti-damaged property with respect to matrix 2.
Also having, is more than the 0.05 μ m by the average crystallite width that makes column crystallization, can improve the toughness of the 2nd coating 6b, in addition, when 0.05 μ m is following, can make the surface smoothing of the 2nd coating 6b, can make the roughness of finished surface in cutting face level and smooth.It is identical or than its hour to constitute the average crystal grain diameter of average crystallite width and the crystallization that constitutes the 1st coating 6a of column crystallization of the 2nd coating 6b, and the internal stress of hard coating 6 increases the toughness reduction of the 2nd coating 6b and the reduction of anti-damaged property.
At this, the ratio (a) that contains of Al among the 1st coating 6a is 0.55≤a≤0.75, and the content that promptly is preferably with respect to the all-metal element among the 1st coating 6a (at least a kind of metallic element M that selects from the periodic table of elements the 4th, 5,6 family's elements, Si and rare earth element and aluminium (Al)) is 55～75 atom %.Thus, the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating 6a can be controlled at 0.01～0.1 μ m, can encourage the karyogenesis of homogeneous on the surface of matrix 2, and can improve the hardness of the 1st coating 6a.
The total of the amount of the amount of contained Al atom and Ti atom is decided to be at 1 o'clock in the 2nd coating 6b, and the amount of preferred Al atom is above 0.50 but below 0.75.By making the Al atom content surpass 0.50 with respect to the total amount of Al atom and Ti atom, suppress the oxidation on the 2nd coating 6b surface, surface roughness reduces owing to oxidation is etched can to control the 2nd coating 6b surface.Therefore, even high temperature also can reduce the accumulation of being cut material with the reactivity inhibition of being cut material because the cutting cutting blade becomes.Consequently, can prevent to worsen owing to the machined surface roughness takes place to make the case-hardened built-up edge of deposit and cutting blade surface reaction cutting blade.In addition, the Al atom content 0.75 when following, can make the crystal structure of the 2nd coating 6b become the high cube crystalline substance of hardness with respect to the total amount of Al atom and Ti atom, can prevent that the 2nd coating 6b mar proof from worsening.
The ratio (a) that contains of Al among the 2nd coating 6b is preferably 0.4≤a≤0.55.Thus, the generation of the column crystallization of the 2nd coating 6b and the average crystallite width of column crystallization can be controlled in the prescribed limit.
On the surface of the 2nd coating 6b, preferably having bed thickness is the TiN layer of 0.05～1 μ m.Thus, the surface of instrument 1 presents gold, and the TiN layer disappears and golden the disappearance when using this instrument 1, and the use that therefore can easily estimate affirmation instrument 1 whether.
Between the 1st coating 6a and the 2nd coating 6b, also can form the hard films of unlike material as the intermediate layer, but from preventing that film from peeling off that viewpoint with tipping is preferably the 1st coating and the 2nd coating is connected to form.Also have, between matrix 2 and the 1st coating 6a, also can form thickness and be other coatings below the 0.2 μ m.
At this, the arithmetic average roughness in the surface of hard coating 6 (Ra) is below the 0.12 μ m, because the mar proof height of instrument 1, and the cutting impedance can reduce machining the time, therefore preferred.Perhaps, the maximum height in the surface of coating 6 (Rz) is below 0.05～0.5 μ m, because the mar proof height of instrument 1, and the cutting impedance can reduce machining the time, therefore preferred.Maximum height (Rz) in the interface of matrix 2 and coating 6 is 0.02～0.1 μ m in addition, and is because the compactness of coating 6 is good, and can make karyogenesis even, therefore preferred.When also having coating 6a, 6b to be sputtered film, therefore even tissue, and surface smoothing need not to implement machining.That is, the surface of coating 6 is preferably not grinding state.
Also have, arithmetic average roughness Ra and maximum height Rz in the surface of hard coating 6 can followingly measure: follow JIS B0601 ' 01 and use probe-type surface roughness measurement device, critical value: 0.25mm, datum length 0.8mm, sweep speed 0.1mm/ second.Also have, arithmetic average roughness Ra and maximum height Rz in the interface of matrix 2 and hard coating 6 are 0.05～0.3 μ m, and be because the compactness of hard coating 6 is good, and can make karyogenesis even, therefore preferred.Also have, arithmetic average roughness in the interface of matrix 2 and hard coating 6 is the cross sectional photograph from the instrument 1 at the interface of containing matrix 2 and hard coating 6, describe concavo-convex line along the matrix 2 and the interface of hard coating 6, according to be equivalent to from this concavo-convex line with above-mentioned JIS B0601 ' 01 be benchmark try to achieve the value of arithmetic average roughness measure.
As matrix 2 for example preferably use by with tungsten carbide, titanium carbide as the hard phase of principal component and the superhard alloy that for example constitutes mutually as the combination of principal component, cermet, with silicon nitride and aluminium oxide hard material as the pottery of principal component, the ultra-high pressure sintering body under super-pressure, the hard that is made of polycrystalline diamond and cBN fired mutually with the combination of pottery and iron group metal etc. mutually etc. with the iron group metal of cobalt, nickel etc.
When especially instrument 1 being applicable in the manufacture method of following cutting object, on the basis of the excellent cutting ability of performance, matrix 2 preferably is made of the superhard alloys of the 1st preference.
On the other hand, for example as to constitute by the hardened steel below the diameter 30mm be cut thing and carry out machining the time instrument, the preferred instrument that is described below that uses, as matrix 2 at this moment, preferably the cBN sintered body by the 2nd preference constitutes.Below this instrument is described.
Fig. 3 (a) is other routine approximate three-dimensional maps of representational tool, and Fig. 3 (b) is the summary section that is illustrated in the part expansion of the near surface of the instrument of demonstration among Fig. 3 (a).Also have, in Fig. 3, use same symbol and omit explanation with the component part that described Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are same.As shown in Figure 3, instrument 21 as surface-coated cBN base cutting element, by wire processing etc., matrix 2 (cBN sintered body) is cut into the regulation shape, after the superhard alloy 28 of substrate engages, soldering is in the cutting stage portion 30 of the cutting blade leading section that is formed on superhard alloy base station 29, and with it as mother metal 22.The shape of mother metal 22 forms following structure: have rake face 23 at interarea, have withdrawing face 24 in the side, have cutting blade 25 in the intersection rib portion of rake face 23 and withdrawing face 24, and form coating 6 on the surface of this mother metal 22.
At this, in the instrument 21 of present embodiment, matrix 2 is that the cBN sintered body of the hard phase of principal component constitutes by combining with cBN with combination.Specifically, for example can use the cBN sintered body that is made of mutually hard phase and combination, this hard is made of the cBN of the 20 quality %～95 quality % of hard phase quality integral body.
Can enumerate for example metal of cobalt, nickel, aluminium etc. mutually as described combination, or with material of titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbide ceramic mains such as (TiC) composition etc., particularly described combination contains titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbide (TiC) mutually, because this can improve the power of being close to coating 6, can suppress film and peel off and most advanced and sophisticated tipping, so preferred.More particularly, TiN and TiC mix when existing, and the intensity of matrix 2 further improves, and become more approaching with the hardness of the coating 6 that contains Ti and Al, further improve anti-damaged property and adhesive force, so preferably.
In addition, the particle diameter of the cBN particle of formation matrix 2 is 0.2～5.0 μ m from the viewpoint of mar proof, intensity, can be preferably the scope of 0.5～3.0 μ m.The mensuration of the particle diameter of cBN particle can be by scanning electron microscope (SEM) etc. the image of taking with 1000～5000 times multiplying power to be used general image analysis equipment such as LUZEX to carry out method for measuring.
Also have, phase in the middle of the peripheral part of described cBN particle exists, this centre is included in carbide, nitride, carbonitride, boride, boron-carbide, boron nitride and the oxide of at least a element of selecting from the periodic table of elements the 4th, 5 and 6 family's metallic elements, iron family element and Al mutually, described in conjunction with the compound beyond the phase constituent, this can further keep the cBN particle securely, is preferred in this.By forming this structure, the 1st coating 6a is that the hardness of the matrix 2 that forms mutually of the hard of principal component is approaching with containing with cBN, and the stress optimization that takes place during film forming can be guaranteed the adhesive force of coating 6 fully, can prevent that film from peeling off.Other formation is identical with described instrument 1, therefore omits explanation.
Then, the manufacture method to described instrument 1 is illustrated.At first, use the matrix 2 of existing known method fabrication tool shape.Secondly, on the surface of this matrix 2, form the hard coating 6 of above-mentioned formation.As concrete film build method, use synthetic (PVD) method of physical vapor such as ion plating method and sputtering method.Details for film build method, when the one example is described, when containing the hard coating of titanium (Ti) and aluminium (Al) with the sputtering method making, the independent metallic target more than 2 kinds that uses Titanium (Ti) and metallic aluminium (Al), or the alloy that uses them is as target, when making the source metal evaporated ionsization, with the nitrogen (N of nitrogenous source by arc discharge or glow discharge etc.
2) or the methane (CH of carbon source
4)/acetylene (C
2H
2) gas reaction and film forming.
At this moment, as the target that is used for the 2nd coating film forming, outside the target of the film forming that is used for the 1st coating 6a, append in addition and do not contain Al, or Al contain the low metallic target of ratio, for example titanium (Ti) metallic target carries out film forming, and carries out film forming by high bias voltage when forming the 2nd coating 6b when forming the 1st coating 6a, can form hard coating 6 thus.Also have, in the hard coating 6 that forms by this method, it is more than the content of the Al of the 2nd coating 6b that the content of the Al of the 1st coating 6a also becomes.
Then, the manufacture method to described instrument 21 is illustrated.At first, the material powder that weighing regulation is formed is pulverized by ball mill and to be mixed 16～72 hours, and this material powder comprises: the cBN material powder with the regulation average grain diameter in the scope of 0.2～3 μ m; Average grain diameter 0.2～3 μ m is preferably 0.5～3 μ m, more preferably any powder that constitutes at least by carbide, nitride and the carbonitride of at least a kind of element selecting from the 4th, 5 and 6 family's metallic elements of the periodic table of elements of 1～3 μ m; Average grain diameter is the Al of 0.5～5 μ m or at least a material powder in the iron family element as required.
Subsequently, be configured as the regulation shape as required.In shaping, can use known manufacturing process such as drawing, reaction-injection moulding, die casting shaping, extrusion molding.
Then,, under the pressure of the set point of temperature of 1200～1400 ℃ of scopes, 5GPa, kept 10～30 minutes, can access the matrix 2 that constitutes by cBN system sintered body thus its superhard alloy liner supporting mass ultra-high pressure sintering device of packing into other preparation.At this moment, for the structure that the nitride of the carbide and 4,5 that forms 4,5,6 family's metals, 6 family's metals exists respectively, preferred programming rate and cooling rate are 30～50 ℃ of per minutes, and heating retention time (firing time) is 10～15 minutes.Owing to form this formation, can reduce the problem that sintering produces.
Then, the matrix 2 (cBN sintered body) that is made into is brazed in the cutting stage portion 30 of superhard alloy base station 29, makes mother metal 22.On the surface of this mother metal 22, same with described instrument 1, form coating 6, thus, can access instrument 21 as surface-coated cBN base cutting element.
At this moment, when forming the 1st coating 6a, the bias voltage with high when forming the 2nd coating 6b particularly more than the 100V, is preferably and carries out film forming more than the 120V, can form the hard coating that constitutes by than the fine particle of the 2nd coating 6b thus.In addition, the bias voltage when forming the 2nd coating 6b is lower than 100V, and when particularly being lower than 80V, unusual particle is difficult to take place on the surface, can form the hard coating of smooth surface.Also have, in the hard coating 6 that forms by this method, the content of the Al of the 1st coating 6a become than the Al of the 2nd coating 6b to contain ratio many.Other formation is identical with described instrument 1, therefore omits explanation.
The manufacture method of＜cutting object 〉
Below, an embodiment of the manufacture method of cutting object of the present invention is described.The manufacture method of the cutting object of present embodiment is to use described instrument 1, instrument 21 to obtain the method for cutting object respectively.
(manufacture method of the cutting object of tool using 1)
During tool using 1, can bring into play excellent cutting ability, in addition, matrix 2 is preferably by constituting as the 1st superhard alloy that is fit to example.In addition, as processing method, for example can exemplify the turning processing that is cut thing (quilt that is cut the metal works etc. of processing is cut material) rotation, the Milling Process of instrument 1 rotation etc., use in turning processing, the Milling Process any in the particularly preferred fine finishining.
Specifically, the manufacture method of the cutting object of tool using 1 comprises that following operation carries out: the operation of preparing to be formed with in the intersection rib portion of rake face 3 and withdrawing face 4 instrument 1 of cutting blade 5; The operation that cutting blade 5 is contacted with the surface that is cut thing; Make the processing of cutting blade 5 rotary cuttings be cut the operation of thing; The operation that cutting blade 5 is left from the described surface that is cut thing.Thus, can access the cutting object that the machined surface roughness improves.That is, as mentioned above, because the uniformity height of the hard system coating 6 of instrument 1, so uniformity height of the hard system coating 6 of the cutting blade 5 of instrument 1, in addition, because the flatness on the surface of hard system coating 6 is also high, so the roughness of the finished surface that is cut thing during machining is also high.
(manufacture method of the cutting object of tool using 21)
During tool using 21, be suitable for matrix 2, the thing that is cut that is made of the hardened steel below the diameter 30mm is carried out machining by constituting as the 2nd cBN sintered body that is fit to example.In addition, can be suitable for any of described turning processing and Milling Process, even in being cut the turning processing that material piles up easily, also life tools can be prolonged as processing method.
Specifically, the manufacture method of the cutting object of tool using 21 can comprise that following operation carries out: the operation of preparing to be formed with in the intersection rib portion of rake face 23 and withdrawing face 24 instrument 21 of cutting blade 25; The operation that cutting blade 25 is contacted with the surface that is cut thing that is made of the hardened steel below the diameter 30nm; Make cutting blade 25 or a described rotary cutting processing of being cut thing be cut the operation of thing; The operation that cutting blade 25 is left from the described surface that is cut thing.Thus, can access the cutting object that the machined surface roughness improves.That is, as mentioned above, because the homogenieity height of the hard system coating 6 of instrument 21, so homogenieity height of the coating 6 of the cutting blade 25 of instrument 21, in addition, because the flatness height on the surface of coating 6, so the roughness of the finished surface that is cut thing during machining is also high.
Below, the present invention will be described in more detail to exemplify embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
[example I]
The making of＜cutting element 〉
With average grain diameter is that tungsten carbide (WC) powder of 0.8 μ m is a principal component, adding the average grain diameter of mixing 10 quality % is metallic cobalt (Co) powder of 1.2 μ m, 0.2 the average grain diameter of quality % is vanadium carbide (VC) powder of 1.0 μ m, the average grain diameter of 0.6 quality % is the chromium carbide (Cr of 1.0 μ m
3C
2) powder, be configured as the groove cutting element shape (the system groove blade GBA43R300MY of KYOCERA) that forms triangle by drawing after, implement the unsticking mixture and handle, in the vacuum of 0.01Pa, fired 1 hour and make superhard alloy at 1450 ℃.In addition, by shot-peening processing, hairbrush processing etc. attrition process is carried out on the surface of the rake face of each test portion.In addition, by hairbrush processing the superhard alloy that is made into is implemented sword end processing (boring and grinding) and make matrix.
Matrix for making like this forms the hard coating by sputtering method according to the various compositions shown in the table 1.Also have, in test portion No.I-7, the bed thickness on the surface of the 1st coating shown in the table 1 and the 2nd coating with 0.2 μ m forms the TiN layer.
To resulting test portion, observe the surface of hard coating with scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM), try to achieve having or not of the 1st coating and the 2nd coating, the average crystallite width of the crystal grain diameter of their bed thickness, granular crystal and column crystallization.In addition, when observing, disperse spectrum analysis (EDS) to measure the composition at any 3 places of each coating, calculate the composition of their mean value as each coating by energy with scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM).
In addition, to the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the surface (surface of the 2nd coating) of any 3 places mensuration hard coating, obtain its mean value with contact surface roughness meter.Concrete assay method is based on JIS B0601 ' 01, uses probe-type surface roughness measurement device, and with critical value: 0.25mm, datum length: 0.8mm, sweep speed: 0.1mm/ measures second.In addition, according to above-mentioned microscopic examination photo, describing the interface between matrix and the 1st coating, is benchmark according to this shape with JIS B0601 ' 01, obtains the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) in the interface.
＜cutting test 〉
Then, use the indexable insert tip, throw away tip (cutting element) of resulting groove cutting element shape under following machining condition, to carry out cutting test.The result is as shown in table 2.
Cutting process: turning processing continuously
Cut material: SCM435
Cutting speed: 250m/min
Feeding: 0.08mm/rev
Cutting: cross cutting 2mm, degree of depth cutting 4mm
Cutting state: wet type
Evaluation method: measure the finished surface roughness (machined surface roughness Ra) that processed quilt is cut material in the time of 10 minutes in cutting.In addition, having or not with the wearing and tearing of measurement microscope flank wear and front end, tipping.
[table 1]
[table 2]
From the result shown in table 1, the table 2 as can be known, only form the 1st coating that constitutes by granular crystal test portion NO.I-11 since in the early stage tipping take place and life tools short.In addition, the test portion NO.I-12 that the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating is bigger than 0.1 μ m also be in the early stage tipping take place and life tools short.In addition, the average crystallite width at the 2nd coating surpasses among the test portion NO.I-13 of 0.3 μ m the hardness of the 2nd coating and mar proof reduction.Also have bigger than 0.1 μ m at the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating, and among the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating test portion No.I-14 identical with the average crystal grain diameter of the 2nd coating, the internal stress of hard coating increases, and the toughness of the 2nd coating reduces and the reduction of anti-damaged property.In addition, surpass among the test portion No.I-15 of 1 μ m, not have the stress alleviation effects of the coating generation that anti-damaged property is high as the 2nd coating, the anti-damaged property reduction of hard coating integral body at the bed thickness of the 1st coating 6a.
To this, in as test portion No.I-1～10 in the scope of the invention, all be that the hard coating is even, surface roughness is little, and anti-damaged property is also excellent can bring into play the good cutting ability of finished surface roughness.
[example II]
The making of＜cutting element 〉
With average grain diameter is that tungsten carbide (WC) powder of 0.8 μ m is a principal component, adding the average grain diameter of mixing 10 quality % is metallic cobalt (Co) powder of 1.2 μ m, 0.2 the average grain diameter of quality % is vanadium carbide (VC) powder of 1.0 μ m, the average grain diameter of 0.6 quality % is the chromium carbide (Cr of 1.0 μ m
3C
2) powder, by drawing be configured as the milling of sword end switch type with cutting element shape (BDMT11T308ER-JT) after, implement to take off adhesive treatment, in the vacuum of 0.01Pa, fire at 1450 ℃ and to make superhard alloy in 1 hour.In addition, by shot-peening processing, hairbrush processing etc. attrition process is carried out on the rake face surface of each test portion.In addition, by hairbrush processing the superhard alloy of making is implemented sword end processing (boring and grinding) and make matrix.
Matrix for making like this forms the hard coating by sputtering method with the various compositions shown in the table 3.Also have, in test portion No.II-7, the bed thickness on the surface of the 1st coating shown in the table 3 and the 2nd coating with 0.2 μ m forms the TiN layer.
To resulting test portion, observe the surface of hard coating by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM), obtain having or not of the 1st coating and the 2nd coating, the average crystallite width of the crystal grain diameter of their bed thickness, granular crystal and column crystallization.In addition, when observing, disperse spectrum analysis (EDS) to measure the composition at any 3 places of each coating, calculate the composition of their mean value as each coating by energy with scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM).
＜cutting test 〉
Then, use the milling of resulting sword end switch type under following machining condition, to carry out cutting test with the indexable insert tip, throw away tip (cutting element) of cutting element shape.The result is as shown in table 4.
Cutting process: horizontal cutting (Milling Process)
Cut material: SKD11
Cutting speed: 150m/min
Feeding: 0.12mm/tooth
Cutting: cross cutting 10mm, degree of depth cutting 3mm
Cutting state: dry type
Evaluation method: cutting 10 minutes the time by the having or not of measurement microscope tipping, measure the height that processed quilt is cut the generation burr in the material, and check the outward appearance (being the gloss of machined surface outward appearance) of cutting surface qualitatively.Also have, the height of burr is the mean value that will measure the value that 5 places obtain as average burr height, is displayed in Table 4.
[table 3]
[table 4]
1) test portion outside the * mark expression scope of the invention.
From the result shown in table 3, the table 4 as can be known, in the test portion NO.II-11 that forms the 1st coating that only is made of granular crystal, lackluster on the processed finished surface, it is very high that burr also becomes.Results presumption goes out tunicle takes place in early days to peel off thus.In addition, the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating than the big test portion NO.II-12 of 0.1 μ m in, also because same reason finished surface poor quality.In addition, surpass among the test portion NO.II-13 of 0.3 μ m at the average crystallite width of the 2nd coating, because the hardness of the 2nd coating and mar proof reduce, so the initial stage frictionally damage causes damaged.Also have, average crystal grain diameter at the 1st coating is bigger than 0.1 μ m, and among the average crystal grain diameter of the 1st coating test portion No.II-14 identical with the average crystallite width of the 2nd coating, the toughness that the internal stress of hard coating increases the 2nd coating reduces and the reduction of anti-damaged property.In addition, surpass among the test portion No.II-15 of 1 μ m, not have the stress alleviation effects of the coating generation that anti-damaged property is high as the 2nd coating, the anti-damaged property reduction of hard coating integral body at the bed thickness of the 1st coating 6a.
To this, in test portion No.II-1～10 within the scope of the present invention, all be that the hard coating is even, anti-damaged property excellence can be brought into play the good cutting ability of finished surface quality.
[EXAMPLE III]
The making of＜cutting element 〉
Using average grain diameter is the cBN material powder of 2.5 μ m, average grain diameter is the TiC material powder of 1.5 μ m, average grain diameter is the TiN material powder of 1.2 μ m, average grain diameter is the TiCN material powder of 1 μ m, average grain diameter is the NbC material powder of 1 μ m, average grain diameter is the TaC material powder of 1.1 μ m, average grain diameter is the Ni material powder of 0.9 μ m, average grain diameter is the metal A l material powder of 1.2 μ m, average grain diameter is the metal Co material powder of 0.8 μ m, be deployed into the composition shown in the table 5, this powder carried out mixing in 16 hours by the ball mill that uses oxidation aluminum ball.Follow powder press molding under the pressure of 98MPa to mixing.Use super-pressure, high temperature service resulting formed body to be heated up with the speed shown in the table 5, after firing with pressure, the temperature shown in the table 5, the time of 5.0GPa, with the cooling rate shown in the table 5 cooling, thus, fire and obtain the cBN based sintered material.
In addition, will make on the superhard alloy base station that the cBN based sintered material is brazed in other preparation, make the mother metal of the system groove blade GBA43R300 of KYOCERA shape.Use diamond wheel that this mother metal is implemented the sword end and handle (boring and grinding).
By sputtering method the mother metal of making like this is formed coatings according to the various compositions shown in the table 6.
For resulting test portion, observe the surface of coating by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM), obtain the having or not of the 1st coating and the 2nd coating, their bed thickness, the crystallization particle diameter of granular particle and the averaged particles width of columnar-shaped particle.In addition, when observing, disperse spectrum analysis (EDS) to measure the composition at any 3 places of each coating, calculate the composition of their mean value as each coating by energy by scanning electron microscope (SEM) or infiltration type electron microscope (TEM).
In addition, any 3 places are measured the maximum height Rz in the surface (surface of the 2nd coating) of coating by the surface roughness meter of contact, obtain its mean value.In addition,, describe the interface between matrix and the 1st coating, obtain maximum height Rz in the interface according to this shape according to above-mentioned microscopic examination photo.
＜cutting test 〉
Then, use the indexable insert tip, throw away tip (cutting element) of resulting groove cutting element shape under following machining condition, to carry out cutting test.The result is as shown in table 7.
Cutting process: turning end face processing continuously
Cut material: SCM435 HRC58～60 Φ (diameter) 30mm
Cutting speed: 150m/min (Max5000rpm)
Feeding: 0.05mm/rev
Cutting: cross cutting 0.1mm, degree of depth cutting 0.2mm
Cutting state: wet type
Evaluation method: in the time of 10 minutes, measure processed quilt and cut the finished surface roughness of material (machined surface roughness Ra) in cutting.In addition, by measurement microscope cutting trailing flank wearing and tearing in 20 minutes with front end weares and teares, the having or not of tipping.
[table 5]
[table 6]
[table 7]
From the result shown in table 5～table 7 as can be known, the test portion NO.III-11 that only forms the 1st coating that is made of granular particle produces at the sword end and piles up, and tipping takes place in the early stage, and life tools are short, and the machined surface roughness of being cut material is also coarse.In addition the averaged particles of the 1st coating directly than the big test portion NO.III-12 of 0.1 μ m in, tipping takes place in the early stage, life tools are short.In addition, the averaged particles width at the 2nd coating surpasses among the test portion NO.III-13 of 0.3 μ m the hardness of the 2nd coating and mar proof reduction.Also have, averaged particles at the 1st coating is directly big than 0.1 μ m, and among the test portion No.III-14 identical with the averaged particles width of the 2nd coating of the averaged particles of the 1st coating footpath, the internal stress of coating increases, the toughness of the 2nd coating reduces, and anti-deficient reduces.In addition, surpass among the test portion No.III-15 of 1 μ m, not have the stress alleviation effects of the coating generation that anti-damaged property is high as the 2nd coating, the anti-damaged property reduction of hard coating integral body at the bed thickness of the 1st coating.
To this, in test portion No.III-1～10, all are coating homogeneous, surface roughness is little, and anti-damaged property excellence, the good cutting ability of performance finished surface roughness.Wherein, matrix in conjunction with phase constituent in contain among the test portion No.III-1,2 of TiN and TiC, even the whole bed thickness following thin coating that is 2 μ m, adhesive force is also excellent, therefore anti-damaged property and mar proof both excellences are brought into play good cutting ability.
[EXAMPLE IV]
The making of＜cutting element 〉
Make with described EXAMPLE III in the same cBN sintered body of forming of test portion No.III-1, be brazed on the superhard alloy base station of TNGA160408 shape of other preparation, make mother metal.Use diamond wheel that this mother metal is implemented the sword end and handle (boring and grinding).
Form and the same hard coating of test portion No.III-1 shown in the table 6 by the mother metal of sputtering method making like this.
＜cutting test 〉
Then, use resulting indexable insert tip, throw away tip (cutting element) under following machining condition, to carry out cutting test.
Cutting process: turning end face processing continuously
Cut material: SCM435HRC58～60 Φ (diameter) 30mm
Cutting speed: 150m/min
Feeding: 0.05mm/rev
Cutting: 0.1mm
Cutting state: wet type
The result of cutting test is that in the time of 10 minutes, the finished surface roughness (machined surface roughness Ra) that processed quilt is cut material is 0.12 μ m, is very level and smooth finished surface roughness in cutting.In addition, the flank wear of cutting after 20 minutes is that 0.13mm, front end wearing and tearing are 0.10mm, and the mar proof that performance is very excellent in addition, does not have the tipping equivalent damage at cutting blade yet.
More than, though explain for being suitable for the embodiments of the present invention example, the present invention is not limited to described embodiment example, can carry out suitable change and improvement in the scope that does not break away from purport of the present invention.For example in the embodiment example of described explanation, be illustrated for the situation that surface-coated tool of the present invention is used for cutting element, but the purposes of surface-coated tool of the present invention is not limited thereto, for example milling cutter cutting also can be applicable to wear-resistant instrument except that cutting purposes such as punch die and mould, shearing etc. with the milling tool of instrument, drill bit and end mill(ing) cutter needless to say.
In addition, the present invention is not limited to each surface-coated tool of instrument 1, instrument 21, also can be the surface-coated tool of the embodiment of combination tool 1 and instrument 21.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of surface-coated tool is characterized in that, possesses the hard coating that two-layer laminate is formed by the coating of following general formula (1) expression at matrix surface,
In described coating, be coated on the 1st coating of described matrix surface, bed thickness is 0.1～1 μ m, is that the granular crystal of 0.01～0.1 μ m constitutes by average crystal grain diameter,
In described coating, be coated on the 2nd coating on the surface of described the 1st coating, bed thickness is 0.5～10 μ m, constitute by the column crystallization of growing up in vertical direction with respect to described matrix, this column crystallization be 0.05～0.3 μ m with respect to described matrix at the average crystallite width of parallel direction, and the average crystallite width of described the 2nd coating is bigger than the average crystal grain diameter of described the 1st coating
[several 2]
M
1-aAl
a(CbN
1-b)…(1)
In the formula, M represents from the periodic table of elements the 4th, 5,6 family's elements, at least a metallic element of selecting in Si and the rare earth element, and a satisfies the relational expression of 0.25≤a≤0.75, and b satisfies the relational expression of 0≤b≤1.
2, surface-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein, in described the 1st coating, a in the described general formula (1) satisfies the relational expression of 0.55≤a≤0.75.
3, surface-coated tool according to claim 1, wherein, in described the 2nd coating, a in the described general formula (1) satisfies the relational expression of 0.4≤a≤0.55.
4, according to each described surface-coated tool in the claim 1～3, wherein, having bed thickness on the surface of described the 2nd coating is the TiN layer of 0.05～1 μ m.
5, according to each described surface-coated tool in the claim 1～4, wherein, described coating is a sputtered film.
6, according to each described surface-coated tool in the claim 1～5, wherein, described matrix is that the cubic boron nitride sintered compact that the hard of principal component forms mutually constitutes by combining with the cubic boron nitride with combination.
7, surface-coated tool according to claim 6, wherein, described combination contains titanium nitride and titanium carbide mutually.
8, according to claim 6 or 7 described surface-coated cutting tools, wherein, the surface of described coating is a unfocused surface, and maximum height Rz is in the scope of 0.05～0.5 μ m.
9, a kind of manufacture method of cutting object comprises:
Preparation is formed with the operation of the cutting element that is made of each described surface-coated tool in the claim 1～8 of cutting blade in the intersection rib portion of rake face and withdrawing face;
The operation that described cutting blade is contacted with the surface that is cut thing;
Make described cutting blade rotary cutting processing be cut the operation of thing;
The operation that described cutting blade is left from the described surface that is cut thing.
10, the manufacture method of cutting object according to claim 9, wherein, the matrix of described surface-coated tool is made of each described cubic boron nitride sintered compact in the claim 6～8, and the described thing that is cut is that hardened steel below the 30mm constitutes by diameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP087809/2006 | 2006-03-28 | ||
| JP2006087809 | 2006-03-28 | ||
| JP354420/2006 | 2006-12-28 |
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|---|---|
| CN101400465A true CN101400465A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
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ID=40518433
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800083680A Pending CN101400465A (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2007-03-26 | Surface-coated tool |
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| CN103052456A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2013-04-17 | 株式会社图格莱 | Coated tool |
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| CN105705280A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-06-22 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Surface-coated boron nitride sintered tool |
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| CN113454046A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-09-28 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | Cubic boron nitride polycrystal and method for producing the same |
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| CN102371379A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-03-14 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | Surface Covering Drill Having Excellent Abrasion Resistance And Swarf Extraction Performance |
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| CN103052456A (en) * | 2010-08-04 | 2013-04-17 | 株式会社图格莱 | Coated tool |
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