CN102371359A - Three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device - Google Patents
Three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102371359A CN102371359A CN2011103436396A CN201110343639A CN102371359A CN 102371359 A CN102371359 A CN 102371359A CN 2011103436396 A CN2011103436396 A CN 2011103436396A CN 201110343639 A CN201110343639 A CN 201110343639A CN 102371359 A CN102371359 A CN 102371359A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
- B23B29/12—Special arrangements on tool holders
- B23B29/125—Vibratory toolholders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing
- B23B27/20—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing with diamond bits or cutting inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
- B23B2260/108—Piezoelectric elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2260/00—Details of constructional elements
- B23B2260/146—Wedges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2265/00—Details of general geometric configurations
- B23B2265/16—Elliptical
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device, belonging to the field of cutting and ultra-precision cutting machining of materials which are difficult to machine. A diamond cutter is guided through flexible hinge mechanisms respectively along an X direction, a Y direction and a Z direction, and further, is driven by three piezoelectric stacks respectively along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction; the piezoelectric stacks of the X direction and the Z direction are preloaded by preloading screw bolts along respective axial direction; the piezoelectric stack of the Y direction is preloaded through a screw bolt screwing wedge; the preloading processes of the three directions are mutually independent; through regulating and matching the initial phase position and the amplitude of a driving signal for each of the three piezoelectric stacks, the projections of the cutter location point movements of the diamond cutter in an X-Y plane and a Y-Z plane are elliptical motions, and the projection of the cutter location point movements of the diamond cutter in an X-Z plane is reciprocating elliptical motion or linear motion. The three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device has a novel and simple structure, is easy to implement, and is beneficial to obtaining the best cutting machinability of the diamond cutter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cutting of hardworking material and ultra precision cutting manufacture field, particularly relate to a kind of three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device.
Background technology
Diamond cutter has many unrivaled advantages, but machinable workpiece material kind is but very restricted.For hard brittle materials such as ferrous material such as hardened steel and carborundum, in working angles, can cause serious diamond cutter wearing and tearing, worsen machined surface quality and also reduce machining accuracy.In order to expand the scope of diamond machinable material, some improved cutting working methods have been proposed, for example sub-zero machining, the saturated cutting of carbon and elliptical vibration cutting etc.Research up to now shows, three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting is the most rising a kind of cutting process, has the tool wear of inhibition, improves plurality of advantages such as machined surface quality.
In order to implement three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting, its key is high performance three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device.Existing three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device mainly contains following two kinds of technical schemes:
1, the three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device that drives of resonance type promptly attaches three pairs of PZT ceramic materials respectively in the side of knife bar, drives each to the PZT actuator through signal generator, produces the bending, flexible and three micrometric displacements such as reverse of knife bar respectively.When the high order mode intrinsic frequency of the integral multiple of the driving signal frequency of these three pairs of PZT actuators and knife bar near the time will produce ultraharmonic resonance, form the three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting movement at blade place.The problem that this device exists is: 1.. the knife bar difficult design is difficult to obtain required high order mode; 2.. the frequency of three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting movement and other elliptic motion parameter depend on the nonlinear structural dynamics parameter of knife bar, are difficult to Autonomous Control, lack flexible; 3.. adopt open loop control, can't obtain distortionless three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting movement.4. there is the power coupling between two transverse bending vibrations and an extensional vibration.
2, the three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device that off-resonance type drives; Be that diamond cutter is directly driven by three pairs of orthogonal piezoelectric stacks; Three pairs of piezoelectric stacks pass through along the same pretension bolt while pretension on the diagonal; Through mating the amplitude and the phase place of three pairs of piezoelectric stacks driving signals, can produce three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting movement at the cutter location place.The problem of this device is: 1.. adopt along the pretension bolt of piezoelectric stack diagonal inhomogeneous to the pretightning force that the method for three piezoelectric stack pretensions possibly cause each piezoelectric stack to obtain; 2.. because shared same pretension bolt, when piezoelectric stack drives cutter along axial-movement separately, exist motion coupling and couple of force to close in the system, be difficult to system is carried out modeling and control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device, in order to realize the ultra precision cutting processing of difficult-to-machine material.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Front apron is fixedlyed connected with matrix by screw; Overhead gage is fixedlyed connected with matrix; Diamond cutter is fixedlyed connected by holding screw one with the tool rest on the matrix; X is fixedlyed connected with the matrix right side by holding screw two to brace summer, and X is fixedlyed connected to the piezoelectric stack seat with X to the piezoelectric stack stiff end, and X is fixedlyed connected to brace summer with X to pretension bolt by X to the piezoelectric stack seat; X is fixedlyed connected to the piezoelectric stack free end with X to stainless steel spherical crown body, and this X is to stainless steel spherical crown body front end and the X swing arm apical grafting that leads to the right;
Y is connected to brace summer with Y to the voussoir group of piezoelectric stack stiff end through the below; The voussoir group is fixedly connected to brace summer with Y to pretension bolt through Y; Brace summer is connected with matrix through holding screw four; Y is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack free end with Y to stainless steel spherical crown body, and this Y is to stainless steel spherical crown body front end and tool rest apical grafting;
Z is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack seat with Z to the piezoelectric stack stiff end; Z is fixedly connected to brace summer with Z to pretension bolt through Z to the piezoelectric stack seat; Z is connected through holding screw three and the X of matrix swing arm and the Y swing arm that leads left that leads to the right to brace summer; Z is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack free end with Z to stainless steel spherical crown body, and this Z is to stainless steel spherical crown body front end and tool rest apical grafting;
X is fixedly connected to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device with X to capacitance displacement sensor, and X is fixedly connected with the matrix left column to the capacitance displacement sensor holding screw through X to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device;
Y is fixedlyed connected to the capacitance displacement sensor holding screw by Y to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device with Y to capacitance displacement sensor, and Y is fixedlyed connected with matrix to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device;
Z is fixedlyed connected to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device with Z to capacitance displacement sensor, and Z is fixedlyed connected with matrix to the capacitance displacement sensor holding screw by Z to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device;
Matrix is a whole mechanism that is formed by the line cutting processing, is divided into left, center, right three parts:
The left part of said matrix comprises left column and the X swing arm that leads left, and this X swing arm that leads left adopts the single shaft hinge, have through hole on the left column and be used to install capacitance displacement sensor, and the screw of fixed capacity displacement transducer clamping device;
The mid portion of said matrix is the tool rest part; Tool rest is outwards outstanding; Tool rest is hinged with the shaft flexible hinge of four groups of symmetries of the motion that can realize Y and Z both direction, and the shaft flexible hinge of these four groups symmetries is respectively left front shaft flexible hinge down, left front shaft flexible hinge, left back shaft flexible hinge down, left back shaft flexible hinge, right front shaft flexible hinge down, right front shaft flexible hinge, right back shaft flexible hinge down, the right back shaft flexible hinge of going up gone up gone up gone up;
The right portions of said matrix has the X swing arm that leads to the right, and this X swing arm that leads to the right adopts the single shaft hinge.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1), make the parameter of the three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting movement of diamond cutter through direct drive mode: frequency, amplitude, phase place etc., all can initiatively adjust, can obtain best machinability to difficult-to-machine material.
(2) at X to adopting the hinge parallelogram lindage, at Y to upwards adopting the shaft flexible hinge respectively with Z so that diamond cutter along X to, Y to Z to three unpowered couplings of moving, simplified the modeling and the control of controlled device.
(3) at the piezoelectric stack of X and Z both direction respectively by carrying out pretension along the pretension bolt of axis direction separately; Y to piezoelectric stack by the voussoir pretension; The pretension process of each piezoelectric stack is independent of each other, and the pretension method is simple and reliable, can make the even pretension of piezoelectric stack on three directions.
(4) on X, Y and three directions of Z, all adopt capacitive displacement transducer to detect displacement, and trigger sampling, can realize the accurate tracking control of cutter location motion through the angle of eccentricity signal.
(5) no matter described three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device is structure or control, all very simple, easy to implement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an assembled shaft mapping of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention removes the assembled shaft mapping that baffle plate is seen from the front;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention removes the assembled shaft mapping that baffle plate is seen from behind;
Fig. 4 is that the present invention removes the assembled shaft mapping that baffle plate is looked up from behind;
Fig. 5 be the present invention Y to Z to piezoelectric stack be connected sketch map with the ball-plane of tool rest;
Fig. 6 is a kind of axonometric drawing of matrix of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the another kind of axonometric drawing of matrix of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the another kind of axonometric drawing of matrix of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the last voussoir axonometric drawing of Y of the present invention to the voussoir group;
Figure 10 is the lower wedge block axonometric drawing of Y of the present invention to the voussoir group;
Figure 11 is motion principle figure of the present invention;
Figure 12 be the present invention X to lead the to the right taper seat of swing arm of bulb and the X of piezoelectric stack be connected sketch map;
Figure 13 a is the projection of elliptical vibration cutting movement in X-Y plane of being synthesized;
Figure 13 b is the projection of elliptical vibration cutting movement in the Y-Z plane of being synthesized;
Figure 13 c is the projection of elliptical vibration cutting movement in the X-Z plane of being synthesized.
The specific embodiment
Front apron 1 is fixedlyed connected with matrix 5 by screw 3; Overhead gage 4 is fixedlyed connected with matrix; Diamond cutter 2 is fixedlyed connected by holding screw 1 with the tool rest on the matrix; X is fixedlyed connected with the matrix right side by holding screw 2 13 to brace summer 14, and X is fixedlyed connected to piezoelectric stack seat 16a with X to piezoelectric stack 17a stiff end, and X is fixedlyed connected to brace summer 14 with X to pretension bolt 15a by X to piezoelectric stack seat 16a; X is fixedlyed connected to piezoelectric stack 17a free end with X to stainless steel spherical crown body 11a, and this X is to stainless steel spherical crown body 12a front end and X swing arm 511 apical graftings that lead to the right;
Y is connected to brace summer 18 with Y to the voussoir group 20 of piezoelectric stack 17b stiff end by the below; Voussoir group 20 is fixedlyed connected to brace summer with Y to pretension bolt 19 by Y; Brace summer 18 is connected with matrix by holding screw 4 24; Y is fixedlyed connected to piezoelectric stack 17b free end with Y to stainless steel spherical crown body 11b, and this Y is to stainless steel spherical crown body 12b front end and tool rest 512 apical graftings, and this voussoir group is made up of with lower wedge block 2002 last voussoir 2001;
Z is fixedlyed connected to piezoelectric stack seat 16c with Z to piezoelectric stack 17c stiff end; Z is fixedlyed connected to brace summer 22 with Z to pretension bolt 15c by Z to piezoelectric stack seat 16c; Z is connected by holding screw 3 21 and the X of matrix swing arm 511 and the Y swing arm 502 that leads left that leads to the right to brace summer 22; Z is fixedlyed connected to piezoelectric stack 17c free end with Z to stainless steel spherical crown body 12c, and this Z is to stainless steel spherical crown body 11c front end and tool rest 512 apical graftings;
X is fixedly connected to capacitance displacement sensor clamping device 7 with X to capacitance displacement sensor 10a, and X is fixedly connected with matrix left column 501 to capacitance displacement sensor holding screw 9a through X to capacitance displacement sensor clamping device 7;
Y is fixedly connected to capacitance displacement sensor holding screw 9b through Y to capacitance displacement sensor clamping device 8 with Y to capacitance displacement sensor 10b, and Y is fixedly connected with matrix to capacitance displacement sensor clamping device 8;
Z is fixedly connected to capacitance displacement sensor clamping device 23 with Z to capacitance displacement sensor 10c, and Z is fixedly connected with matrix to capacitance displacement sensor holding screw 12 through Z to capacitance displacement sensor clamping device 23;
Matrix 5 is whole mechanisms that formed by the line cutting processing, can be divided into left, center, right three parts:
The left part of said matrix comprises left column 501 and the X swing arm 502 that leads left, and this X swing arm that leads left adopts the single shaft hinge, have through hole on the left column 501 and be used to install capacitance displacement sensor, and the screw of fixed capacity displacement transducer clamping device;
The mid portion of said matrix is the tool rest part; Tool rest 512 is outwards outstanding; Tool rest is hinged with the shaft flexible hinge of four groups of symmetries of the motion that can realize Y and Z both direction, and the shaft flexible hinge of these four groups symmetries is respectively left front shaft flexible hinge 503 down, left front shaft flexible hinge 504, left back shaft flexible hinge 505 down, left back shaft flexible hinge 506, right front shaft flexible hinge 507 down, right front shaft flexible hinge 508, right back shaft flexible hinge 509 down, the right back shaft flexible hinge 510 of going up gone up gone up gone up;
The right portions of said matrix has the X swing arm 511 that leads to the right, and this X swing arm that leads to the right adopts the single shaft hinge.
On the precision or super precision lathe of a T-shape configuration, device of the present invention is installed on the Z axle slide carriage of lathe, clamping workpiece is done at the uniform velocity revolution on main shaft, and diamond cutter is done feed motion along the X axle and the Z axle of lathe.Through the driving of three piezoelectric stacks, the elliptical vibration cutting movement of a three-dimensional of stack on the cutter location of diamond cutter.
The driving signal of three piezoelectric stacks can be expressed as respectively:
In the formula, V
x, V
y, V
zBe respectively to drive signal u
x(t), u
y(t) and u
z(t) amplitude; Φ x, Φ y and Φ z are respectively the initial phases that drives signal; F is the frequency that drives signal.Under the direct driving of three piezoelectric stacks, the displacement of cutter location can be expressed as respectively in cartesian coordinate system:
In the formula, A
x, A
yAnd A
zIt is respectively the amplitude of cutter location displacement; Ψ x, Ψ y and Ψ z are respectively the phase places of cutter location displacement.The initial phase of the driving signal through initiatively adjusting three piezoelectric stacks, Φ x, Φ y and Φ z, so that
By formula (2), the expectation displacement that can obtain cutter location is:
Can know by formula (3), the synthetic elliptic motion that can form the space of the motion of three directions, the elliptic motion equation on X-Y plane and Y-Z plane, and in the rectilinear motion equation expression on X-Z plane as follows:
Need to prove: when diamond knife tool hook angle and cutting edge inclination non-zero, diamond cutter also has cutting power in the X-Z plane, only needs this moment adjustment to feed phase place (the Ψ x of three piezoelectric stack sine wave drive signals; Ψ y; Ψ z), make all to keep certain phase difference between the three, promptly
Δψ
xy≠kπ，Δψ
yz≠kπ，Δψ
zx≠kπ，k＝0，1，2… (5)
Then diamond cutter is all made oval cutting movement in X-Y plane, Y-Z plane and Z-X plane.
According to formula (1)-(5), drive signal u through initiatively adjusting these three piezoelectric stacks
x(t), u
y(t) and u
z(t) initial phase Φ x, Φ y and Φ z, make the cutter location of diamond cutter at X to displacement and the phase difference Dy of Y between displacement
Xy, and at Y to displacement and the phase difference Dy of Z between displacement
YzAll keep an identical phase difference a, form the three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting movement of diamond cutter thus at the cutter location place.
Diamond cutter is installed on the tool rest, tool rest by respectively along X to, Y to Z to flexure hinge mechanism lead, and by respectively along X to, Y to Z to three piezoelectric stacks drive; Touch the arbitrary ellipse motion in the implementation space at the cutter location of diamond cutter, projection can be three plane elliptic motions or two plane elliptic motions and straight line in three planes.
Described three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device, X to piezoelectric stack and Z to piezoelectric stack by carrying out pretension along the pretension bolt of axis direction separately, Y to piezoelectric stack through the bolt voussoir pretension of screwing; Owing to there is not the power coupling between the motion of each piezoelectric stack, can carry out independent pretension to three piezoelectric stacks successively, each pretension process is separate.
Described three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device; The free end of three direction piezoelectric stacks is fixed a stainless steel spherical crown body; Wherein Y to Z to piezoelectric stack and tool rest between " ball-plane " contact; Make tool rest part in the piezoelectric stack motion relatively piezoelectric stack do small translation and swing, the stiff end of these two piezoelectric stacks is placed on the brace summer separately, Y to piezoelectric stack through the pretension bolt voussoir group pretension of screwing; Not condition of self-locking is satisfied in the voussoir design, and Z promotes the piezoelectricity seat to piezoelectric stack through pretension bolt and realizes the pretension to piezoelectric stack; X to piezoelectric stack realize contacting of bulb and taper seat, promote the whole X of motion parts to motion through two-way single shaft hinge guiding, X is placed on the brace summer to the piezoelectric stack stiff end, pretension bolt is through piezoelectricity seat realization pretension.
The matrix of described three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device, promptly the flexure hinge mechanism of a Three Degree Of Freedom is a whole mechanism that is formed by the line cutting processing, can be divided into left, center, right three parts; Described left part comprises left column and the X swing arm that leads left, has through hole on the left column and is used to install capacitance displacement sensor, and the screw of fixed capacity displacement transducer clamping device; Described mid portion is the tool rest part, for the ease of detecting, the outstanding part of tool rest, tool rest is by the shaft flexible hinges guiding of four groups of symmetries, can realize Y, Z two to motion; Described right portions can realize left part and right portions about the center symmetry through the assembling of right column and matrix, and wherein X does guiding to moving through the single shaft hinge.
Baffle plate is used for preventing that the smear metal access to plant is inner, influence cut normally carries out.
Through X to, Y to Z to three capacitance displacement sensors can detect three displacements on the direction, the angular signal through main shaft triggers sampling, feeds back to the control system, realizes the accurate tracking control of cutter location movement locus.
Claims (1)
1. three-dimensional elliptical vibration cutting device; It is characterized in that: front apron is fixedly connected with matrix through screw; Overhead gage is fixedly connected with matrix, and diamond cutter is fixedly connected through holding screw one with tool rest on the matrix, and X is fixedly connected with the matrix right side through holding screw two to brace summer; X is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack seat with X to the piezoelectric stack stiff end; X is fixedly connected to brace summer with X to pretension bolt through X to the piezoelectric stack seat, and X is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack free end with X to stainless steel spherical crown body, and this X is to stainless steel spherical crown body front end and the X swing arm apical grafting that leads to the right; Y is connected to brace summer with Y to the voussoir group of piezoelectric stack stiff end through the below; The voussoir group is fixedly connected to brace summer with Y to pretension bolt through Y; Brace summer is connected with matrix through holding screw four; Y is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack free end with Y to stainless steel spherical crown body, and this Y is to stainless steel spherical crown body front end and tool rest apical grafting; Z is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack seat with Z to the piezoelectric stack stiff end; Z is fixedly connected to brace summer with Z to pretension bolt through Z to the piezoelectric stack seat; Z is connected through holding screw three and the X of matrix swing arm and the Y swing arm that leads left that leads to the right to brace summer; Z is fixedly connected to the piezoelectric stack free end with Z to stainless steel spherical crown body, and this Z is to stainless steel spherical crown body front end and tool rest apical grafting; X is fixedly connected to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device with X to capacitance displacement sensor, and X is fixedly connected with the matrix left column to the capacitance displacement sensor holding screw through X to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device; Y is fixedly connected to the capacitance displacement sensor holding screw through Y to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device with Y to capacitance displacement sensor, and Y is fixedly connected with matrix to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device; Z is fixedly connected to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device with Z to capacitance displacement sensor, and Z is fixedly connected with matrix to the capacitance displacement sensor holding screw through Z to the capacitance displacement sensor clamping device; Matrix is a whole mechanism that is formed by the line cutting processing; Be divided into left, center, right three parts: the left part of said matrix comprises left column and the X swing arm that leads left; This X swing arm that leads left adopts the single shaft hinge; Have through hole on the left column and be used to install capacitance displacement sensor, and the screw of fixed capacity displacement transducer clamping device; The mid portion of said matrix is the tool rest part; Tool rest is outwards outstanding; Tool rest is hinged with the shaft flexible hinge of four groups of symmetries of the motion that can realize Y and Z both direction, and the shaft flexible hinge of these four groups symmetries is respectively left front shaft flexible hinge down, left front shaft flexible hinge, left back shaft flexible hinge down, left back shaft flexible hinge, right front shaft flexible hinge down, right front shaft flexible hinge, right back shaft flexible hinge down, the right back shaft flexible hinge of going up gone up gone up gone up; The right portions of said matrix has the X swing arm that leads to the right, and this X swing arm that leads to the right adopts the single shaft hinge.
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