CN102364049A - Hard rock composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) suitable for composite stratum and tunneling mode thereof - Google Patents
Hard rock composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) suitable for composite stratum and tunneling mode thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102364049A CN102364049A CN2011103174707A CN201110317470A CN102364049A CN 102364049 A CN102364049 A CN 102364049A CN 2011103174707 A CN2011103174707 A CN 2011103174707A CN 201110317470 A CN201110317470 A CN 201110317470A CN 102364049 A CN102364049 A CN 102364049A
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Abstract
The invention discloses hard rock shield construction equipment which is suitable for a single stratum of soft soil, soft rock, hard rock and the like and is simultaneously suitable for a soft and hard alternate stratum and a transition stratum, particularly silt, clay, powder, sand, gravel, decayed rock stratum. In the invention, two tunneling modes can be realized: an earth pressure balance tunneling mode and an open tunneling mode. When an excavated surface has poor stability or soft soil, a sand stratum and a sand gravel stratum with high water content are excavated, the earth pressure balance tunneling mode is used for construction; and when surrounding rock of the excavated surface can be self-stabilized, the open mode is used for construction when the rock stratum has high stability, particularly, a composite cutter head is used for tunneling. The equipment has extremely strong geological adaptability, is particularly suitable for construction of a soft and hard complex stratum of a municipal metro, and also has low construction interference and is convenient to control; and the overall manufacturing cost is greatly reduced compared with a hard rock tunneling machine.
Description
Technical field
Technical field the invention belongs to shield structure and TBM field of engineering technology; Relate generally to a kind of constructing tunnel engineering machinery; Be specially a kind of single stratum such as weak soil, soft rock, hard rock that both had been applicable to, be applicable to that simultaneously soft or hard replaces the hard rock combined type TBM construction equipment on stratum, transition stratum.
Background technology
In the China of the title with world's geological museum, stratum engineering, hydrogeology are complicated, for journey under many underground municipal administrations, are main with a kind of geology between the works area, have the geology of other stratum and bad ground simultaneously.Shield structure application technology roughly can be divided into three kinds of stratum, serves as the soft stratum of main representative with Shanghai, Zhengzhou; With Beijing, Guangzhou is the hard-soft heterogeneous grounds such as sand bed, sand-pebble layer and decomposed rock of main representative; With Chongqing, Qingdao, be linked as the ground consisting of hard rock such as sandstone, slate, granite of representative greatly.Shield structure and TBM to engineering construction have fast, many outstanding advantages such as high-quality, safety, economy, environmental protection, be first-selected construction equipment in the tunnel construction.EPB shield structure is constructed with the obvious advantage in city underground weak soil and sandy gravel geology, and cost is low, but equipment can not adapt to hard rock geology.TBM drivage efficiency in the single ground consisting of hard rock of geology is occupied advantage, but the equipment length overall is long, and it is big that the worker raises difficulty, involves great expense, is applied to especially the city underground advantage and be difficult to give full play to.The general shortcoming of TBM replaces the stratum for running into unfavorable geology or soft, hard rock, and difficulty of construction and risk sharply increase.
To weak soil, soft rock, hard-soft heterogeneous ground engineering geology operating mode in the domestic municipal underground construction geology, this EPB shield structure and the TBM with single relatively ground adaptability can not satisfy the bad ground construction requirement.
How the optimum tunnel machine of the usability price ratio problem of accomplishing the complicated geological Engineering Project Construction needs to be resolved hurrily; Provide a kind of can in soft stratum or the relatively poor stratum of country rock, the driving again to equip with the constructing tunnel of hard rock mole performance; Switch the driving pattern when geology changes on the stratum; Make an equipment have weak soil, soft rock, hard rock and stratum geological adaptability widely alternately, simultaneously matching operation is disturbed for a short time, reduce engineering risk; Being a great problem in the tunnel machine design and construction, also is the major reason of the restriction tunnel machine scope of application.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art; The invention discloses and a kind ofly can be applicable to single stratum such as weak soil, soft rock, hard rock; Simultaneously with being applicable to that soft or hard replaces the hard rock shield-tunneling construction that stratum, transition stratum be specially silts, sticking, powder, sand, ovum gravel, decomposed rock stratum and equips; Be specially a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum, this equipment can be realized two kinds of driving patterns: earth pressure balance driving pattern and unlimited driving pattern.Equipment has very strong geological adaptability, is particularly useful for soft, the hard bad ground construction of municipal subway, and complete machine is cheap simultaneously, and matching operation is disturbed little, control convenience, and equipment manufacturing cost is cheap, economical and practical.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
A kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum comprises being positioned at the top cutterhead 1 of shield body, the anterior shield 2 that is connected with cutterhead 1; And the middle shield 6 that is connected with anterior shield 2; Tail shield 8 with middle shield 6 is connected is characterized in that: described cutterhead 1 is the combined type cutterhead, comprises cutterhead steel work 20; On cutterhead steel work 20, be welded with wear-resisting panel 21 and guarantor's footpath cutter 24 and be positioned at the peripheral wear-resistant block 25 of the cutterhead of protecting cutter 24 next doors, footpath; Wear-resisting panel 21 is provided with hobboing cutter 22, edge doctor 23 and scraper 28, is provided with hobboing cutter protection piece 27 around the hobboing cutter 22, satisfies the edge doctor 23 and scraper 28 of the two-way rotation excavation of cutterhead; The cutterhead back is provided with anterior shield stirring rod 33, and cutterhead 1 front and rear is furnished with dregs improvement end port, and described improvement port is cutter head foam mouth (26), swell soil mouth (29), water jet (36);
The anterior shield housing 30 of anterior shield 2 is provided with and is positioned at upper left side and top-right stabilizer 3, and is positioned at lower left and bottom-right two groups and amounts to four anterior shield oscillating cylinders 31; With also be provided with pre-grouting mouth, screw machine early gate 32, swell soil 34, leading rig reserved opening 35, water jet 36, foam mouth 37 on the dividing plate that anterior shield housing 30 is connected, industrial air mouth 38, soil pressure case 39, anterior shield stirring rod 33 arranged, add the netted wear resistance electrode of welding rod on the anterior shield stirring rod 33;
Be furnished with in the middle shield housing 40 of middle shield 6 and advance oil cylinder 41, between the junction that advances oil cylinder 41, be provided with pre-grouting pipe 42, and be arranged in lower left and bottom-right two groups of shield oscillating cylinders 15 that amount to four;
Described anterior shield 1 is a cone-shaped, and forwardly and be welded with otch wearing layer 19 between the cutterhead 1;
Also be provided with duct piece assembling machine 10 in the said tail shield 8, and the leading rig 9 that is connected with duct piece assembling machine 10;
Described hard rock combined type TBM; It comprises earth pressure balance driving pattern and unlimited driving pattern; Two kinds of pattern driving common characteristics are: in the tunneling process; With the support of anterior shield 2, middle shield 6, for the complete machine driving thrust is provided by propulsion system 7, and drives combined type cutterheads 1 revolution excavation driving by drive system 4 as drive system 4 and combined type cutterhead 1; The centre revolving joint 18 that can adapt to combined type cutterhead 1 is provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, can be simultaneously injects swell soil and foam to the cutterhead front, in first space, the quarrel soil of cutting is stirred and obtains mixed effect preferably; Dregs through improvement gets into anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses through combined type cutterhead 1, is being delivered to belt conveyor 13 through conveying worm 12, and supporting trailer after belt conveyor 13 is delivered to is transported outside the hole by marshaling or continuous belt machine then then; Main frame provides propulsive force to push ahead by pushing away through system's 7 coordination controls, and draws tail shields 8 through the hinged oil cylinder 14 of many groups and tunnel forward; Simultaneously, 11 circulations of duct piece assembling machine 10 segment assemblies are driving forward, for driving counter-force is provided by the section of jurisdiction of laying in advance 11, follows the synchronous grouting of section of jurisdiction backing to reinforce, and propulsion system 7 circulations change step to push ahead, the final tunnel that forms by the ring pipe sheet built.
Described earth pressure balance driving pattern is: the shield structure is pushed ahead in the process of driving in propulsion system 7; The dregs that combined type cutterhead 1 excavates is full of anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses; Control the speed of slagging tap of conveying worm 12 simultaneously; Make through the industrial air mouth 38 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates in case of necessity to keep certain air pressure in the soil pressure storehouse, finally reach soil pressure and air pressure balance cutterhead face water and soil pressure that the dregs in the native storehouse produces; Under the driving pattern, stabilizer 3, anterior shield oscillating cylinder 31, middle shield oscillating cylinder 15 are regained the work of refusing hereinto, and leading rig 9 can be installed; Earth pressure balance pattern driving utilizes the industrial air mouth 38 that is arranged on anterior shield 2 dividing plates to set up part air pressure when setting up part air pressure as required, with soil pressure balance face water and soil pressure;
Described unlimited driving pattern is: by propulsion system 7 thrust is provided, drives combined type cutterhead 1 cutting face ground by drive system 4, the ground that falls down gets into anterior shield 2 Tu Cang, discharges through conveying worm 12; Be arranged in anterior shield 2 upper left, upper right oil cylinders in the tunneling process and stretch boots formula stabilizer 3, stretch out during driving to be supported on radially and move forward with main frame on the excavation face; Stabilizer 3 forms triangular support structure with the contact point of shield body bottom and excavation face, and the oil cylinder of stretching boots absorbs the vibration that main frame transmits;
Open type driving pattern can use the auxiliary accent of main frame to reaching deviation correcting device; Be specially under anterior shield 2 left side, beam orientation, bottom right arranges two groups of totally four oscillating cylinders 31; Be provided with middle shield 6 middle and lower parts two groups totally 4 middle shield oscillating cylinders 15; For the main frame swing provides support a little and oscillatory forces, stretch support and the oscillatory forces that boots can provide 260t for every group, can assist turning to and rectifying a deviation of main frame simultaneously; In the open type driving; Outside tail shield 8 housings, the swell soil injected system is set, in tunneling process, plays lubricated tail shield and ground effect, can reduce the thrust drag of about 600-1000T, reduce the tail shield and blocked risk; Can arrange leading rig 9 at duct piece assembling machine 10 positions, the leading rig reserved opening 35 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates is carried out parallel and the direction geological exploration of axis, tunnel temporarily.
Positive beneficial effect: hard rock shield structure of the present invention; Claim combined type TBM again; Be to be the basis with traditional hard rock mole (TBM); Drawn a kind of development machine of the principle and the advantage of earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS, be adapted to weak soil, hard rock, and soft or hard replace the stratum, be specially silts, glue, the constructing tunnel engineering machinery on powder, sand, ovum gravel, decomposed rock stratum.Stable to the control face when soft stratum tunnels, very favourable when ground settlement and assurance construction safety.Hard rock shield structure can adopt open type, two kinds of modes swap constructions of earth pressure balance pattern according to geology and buried depth situation, can be applicable to weak soil, soft rock, hard rock, transition stratum and underground engineering construction equipment alternately simultaneously.The present invention has overcome traditional earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS ground consisting of hard rock and has used limited and TBM such as can not use at shortcoming in soft soil layer; Hard rock, two kinds of advantages of tunneling pattern of weak soil have been taken into account; Integrate hard rock mole technology and weak soil shield structure technology hard rock shield structure, both had hard rock speedy drivage function, have excavation face balance function again; Make Earth Pressure Balance Shield Technology and TBM interpenetrate, merge each other; Expand the geology accommodation of equipment, made the separate unit tunneling equipment have geological adaptability widely, be applicable to the municipal underground engineering construction of the domestic overwhelming majority.Equipment disturbs little to matching operation, can effectively reduce construction risk, has the while equipment manufacturing cost cheap, and control is convenient, and is economical and practical.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a main machine structure sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for being cutter head structure sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a main frame anterior shield structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a middle shield structural representation of the present invention;
Among the figure be: cutterhead 1; Anterior shield 2; Stabilizer 3; Drive system 4; Pressurize people storehouse system 5; Middle shield 6; Propulsion system 7; Tail shield 8; Leading rig 9; Duct piece assembling machine 10; Section of jurisdiction 11; Conveying worm 12; Belt conveyor 13; Hinged oil cylinder 14; Middle shield oscillating cylinder 15; Screw machine front cylinder 16; Wear-resisting alloy block 17; Centre revolving joint 18; Otch wearing layer 19; Cutterhead steel work 20; Wear-resisting panel 21; Hobboing cutter 22; Edge doctor 23; Protect footpath 24; The peripheral wear-resistant block 25 of cutterhead; Cutter head foam mouth 26; Hobboing cutter protection piece 27; Scrape 28; Swell soil mouth 29; Anterior shield housing 30; Anterior shield oscillating cylinder 31; Spiral shell machine early gate 32; Anterior shield stirring rod 33; Swell soil mouth 34; Leading rig reserved opening 35; Water jet 36; Foam mouth 37; Industrial air mouth 38; Soil pressure case 39; Middle shield housing 40; Advance oil cylinder 41; Pre-grouting pipe 42; Rice word beam 43.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described:
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum comprises being positioned at the top cutterhead 1 of shield body; The anterior shield 2 that is connected with cutterhead 1, and the middle shield 6 that is connected with anterior shield 2, the tail shield 8 that is connected with middle shield 6; It is characterized in that: described cutterhead 1 is the combined type cutterhead; Comprise cutterhead steel work 20, on cutterhead steel work 20, be welded with wear-resisting panel 21 and guarantor's footpath cutter 24 and be positioned at the peripheral wear-resistant block 25 of the cutterhead of protecting cutter 24 next doors, footpath that wear-resisting panel 21 is provided with hobboing cutter 22, edge doctor 23 and scraper 28; Be provided with hobboing cutter protection piece 27 around the hobboing cutter 22, satisfied the edge doctor 23 and scraper 28 of the two-way rotation excavation of cutterhead; Cutterhead 1 back is provided with anterior shield stirring rod 33, and cutterhead 1 front and rear is furnished with dregs improvement end port, and described improvement port is cutter head foam mouth 26, swell soil mouth 29, water jet 36;
As shown in Figure 3, the anterior shield housing 30 of anterior shield 2 is provided with and is positioned at upper left side and top-right stabilizer 3, and stabilizer 3 has and under the hard rock geological conditions, all advances to have to absorb main frame vibration effect, when tool changing, has vibrationproof and stablizes shield body function; And be positioned at lower left and bottom-right two groups and amount to four anterior shield oscillating cylinders 31; With pre-grouting mouth, screw machine early gate 32, swell soil 34, leading rig reserved opening 35, water jet 36, foam mouth 37 also are set on the dividing plate that anterior shield housing 30 is connected, industrial air mouth 38, soil pressure case 39, anterior shield stirring rod 33 are arranged, add the netted wear resistance electrode of welding rod on the anterior shield stirring rod 33; Play and force to stir dregs and improvement material, it is mobile to increase dregs, is convenient to slag tap; Be furnished with swell soil 34, water jet 36, foam mouth 37 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates simultaneously, industrial air mouth 38 is arranged, play the effect of improvement dregs in case of necessity; Be reserved with the pre-grouting mouth around the anterior shield, when in ground consisting of hard rock, running into breaking surrounding rock, can leading rig 9 be set at duct piece assembling machine 10 positions, carry out the operation of advance geologic grouting and reinforcing; Be reserved with the leading rig reserved opening 35 on parallel and axis, the tunnel direction on the anterior shield dividing plate, can carry out the advance geologic exploration in case of necessity;
As shown in Figure 1; Drive system 4, the centre revolving joint 18 that is connected with cutterhead 1 also is set in the anterior shield 2; Centre revolving joint 18 is provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage; Soil pressure storehouses in centre revolving joint 18 and the anterior shield 2 are connected, and the soil pressure storehouse is connected with middle shield 6 interior pressurize people storehouse systems 5;
As shown in Figure 4; Be furnished with in the middle shield housing 40 of middle shield 6 and advance oil cylinder 41; Between the junction that advances oil cylinder 41, be provided with pre-grouting pipe 42; And be arranged in lower left and bottom-right two groups of shield oscillating cylinders 15 that amount to four, and front shield oscillating cylinder 31 its function together is to drive the replacing space that cutterhead 1 swing obtains the limit cutter through the shield body, secondary master turns to and deviation-correcting function in the time of also can in hard rock geology, tunneling simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, described anterior shield 1 is a cone-shaped, and forwardly and be welded with otch wearing layer 19 between the cutterhead 1, increases abrasion resistance.
Describedly in the shield body that anterior shield 2, middle shield 6, tail shield 8 formed, also be provided with propulsion system 7, and the conveying worm 12 that is connected with anterior shield soil pressure storehouse, and the belt conveyor 13 that is connected with conveying worm 12.
Shield 6 and 8 on tail shield are provided with hinged oil cylinder 14 in described, also are provided with duct piece assembling machine 10 in the tail shield 8, and the leading rig 9 that is connected with duct piece assembling machine 10.
Described conveying worm 12 is the shaft type conveyer; Can adapt to weak soil and the conveying of hard rock dregs after improveing; Being welded on blade on the axle forms semi-closed structure and is beneficial to and carries loose quarrel native in cylindrical shell; The anterior welding-on composite wear-resisting alloy of sharf piece 17, and on composite wear-resisting alloy piece 17 build-up wear-resistant welding rod again; Conveying worm 12 is provided with the base slider guiding device; Remove the coupling flange bolt of screw machine front cylinder 16 and anterior shield during Welding Repair; Hang by artificial road chain and to drag screw machine and extract out, in main frame, sharf and front cylinder are carried out the repair welding wearing layer along slide block device.
Main frame according to the invention has rock cutting and weak soil excavation dual-use function, can guarantee under soft soil layer EPB driving pattern that the excavation face is stablized, the equilibrium water soil pressure, reduce ground settlement to greatest extent.Divide into get everything ready enough thrust and moment of torsion assurance driving and dregs conveying smoothly in hard rock TBM driving pattern.
Drive system of the present invention is reinforced main the driving, satisfies the low pile penetration of hard rock driving, high rotating speed, high-power driving requires and cutterhead is got rid of poverty required torque;
The present invention arranges leading rig 9 at the duct piece assembling machine position; Have when open type driving pattern is passed through unstable country rock stratum through the pre-grouting pipe 42 on the middle shield 6; Carry out advance geologic boring, play pre-grouting geology reinforcement effect, effectively reduce engineering risk.
This equipment can be divided into two kinds of driving patterns and construct according to geology characteristic and buried depth situation: earth pressure balance driving pattern and unlimited driving pattern:
As shown in Figure 1; Two kinds of pattern driving common characteristics are: in the tunneling process; With the support of anterior shield 2, middle shield 6, for the complete machine driving thrust is provided by propulsion system 7, and drives combined type cutterheads 1 revolution excavation driving by drive system 4 as drive system 4 and combined type cutterhead 1; The centre revolving joint 18 that can adapt to combined type cutterhead 1 is provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, can be simultaneously injects swell soil and foam to the cutterhead front, in first space, the quarrel soil of cutting is stirred and obtains mixed effect preferably; Dregs through improvement gets into anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses through combined type cutterhead 1, is being delivered to belt conveyor 13 through conveying worm 12, and supporting trailer after belt conveyor 13 is delivered to is transported outside the hole by marshaling or continuous belt machine then then.Main frame provides propulsive force to push ahead by pushing away through system's 7 coordination controls, and draws tail shields 8 through the hinged oil cylinder 14 of many groups and tunnel forward; Simultaneously, 11 circulations of duct piece assembling machine 10 segment assemblies are driving forward, for driving counter-force is provided by the section of jurisdiction of laying in advance 11, follows the synchronous grouting of section of jurisdiction backing to reinforce, and propulsion system 7 circulations change step to push ahead, the final tunnel that forms by the ring pipe sheet built.
Earth pressure balance driving pattern:
When driving geology for becoming silted up, when weak soil, gravel cobble bad ground such as sticking, powder, sand, adopting earth pressure balance pattern driving.The shield structure is pushed ahead in the process of driving in propulsion system 7, and the dregs that combined type cutterhead 1 excavates is full of anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses, controls the speed of slagging tap of conveying worm 12 simultaneously; Make through the industrial air mouth 38 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates in case of necessity and keep certain air pressure in the soil pressure storehouse; Finally reach soil pressure and air pressure balance cutterhead face water and soil pressure that the dregs in the native storehouse produces, prevent that face from caving in, water burst; Control ground settlement to greatest extent, reach the purpose of safe construction.Under the driving pattern, stabilizer 3, anterior shield oscillating cylinder 31, middle shield oscillating cylinder 15 are regained the work of refusing hereinto, and leading rig 9 can be installed.Anterior shield 2 otch wearing layers 19 can strengthen abrasion resistance here.When setting up part air pressure, earth pressure balance pattern driving necessity utilize the industrial air mouth 38 that is arranged on anterior shield 2 dividing plates to set up part air pressure, with soil pressure balance face water and soil pressure.When carrying out the native storehouse of pressurize maintenance needs entering, get into native storehouse spatial transition through 5 conducts of pressurize people storehouse system, for operating personnel's safety provides safeguard.
Open type driving pattern:
When tunneling the stratum is sandstone, and when the hard rock stratum that self-stabilities such as mud stone, slate are good or an interval formation variation were ground consisting of hard rock, the cutterhead face was stable, adopts the driving pattern of opening wide.By propulsion system 7 thrust is provided, drives combined type cutterhead 1 cutting face ground by drive system 4, the ground that falls down gets into anterior shield 2 Tu Cang, discharges through conveying worm 12.
Open wide combined type cutterhead 1 in the driving pattern; Comprise cutterhead steel work 20, cutter head structure intensity can satisfy hard rock driving requirement of strength, is welded with wear-resisting panel 21 on it; Adapt to the hobboing cutter 22 that the hard rock driving requires; Have cutter protection fast 27 around the hobboing cutter 22, satisfy the two-way rotation excavation of cutterhead and ask edge doctor 23 and scraper 28, cutter is when wearing and tearing or when Different Strata is constructed, can change.The dreg scraping bucket that edge doctor 23 the forms oralia that advances to be cut has the width of broad, can the quarrel soil that get into opening all be taken away, and its effect is equivalent to the slide slag plate of hard rock TBM cutterhead, and the soil zone that will be cut is directly fallen spiral shell machine blade place behind the top and exported.The cutterhead back is provided with initiatively stirring rod; The cutterhead front and rear is furnished with dregs improvement port such as foam mouth 26, swell soil mouth 29; Can improve the dregs flowability, be convenient to slag tap, prevent the dregs bonding, reduce the multiple functions such as wearing and tearing of native storehouse panel and follow-up dregs transport conveying worm.The water jet of arranging on the combined type cutterhead 1 can reduce the scar temperature when the hobboing cutter breaking surrounding rock, reduce the too fast abrasive action of cutter, reduces the incrusted probability of cutter.These series of measures can improve the ability that cutter adapts to face, and functions such as improvement dregs guarantee that cutterhead can adapt to the requirement of different geo-logical terrain driving.
Be arranged in anterior shield 2 upper left, upper right oil cylinders in its open mode tunneling process and stretch boots formula stabilizer 3, stretch out during driving to be supported on radially and move forward with main frame on the excavation face.Stabilizer 3 forms triangular support structure with the contact point of shield body bottom and excavation face, and the oil cylinder of stretching boots can absorb the vibration that main frame transmits, and the tool setting disc vibration forms semi-rigid constraint, can effectively reduce the vibration and the noise of cutterhead.Owing to increased obligatory point, the frictional force that has increased shield body and excavation face reduces the shield body because the lift-over speed that cutterhead 1 moment of torsion causes to obtain bigger reaction torque simultaneously.During like shield body generation lift-over, cutterhead 1 can rotate the excavation driving round about, makes the shield body progressively get back to the normal position.
Open type driving pattern can use the auxiliary accent of main frame to reaching deviation correcting device.Be specially under anterior shield 2 left side, beam orientation, bottom right arranges two groups of totally four oscillating cylinders 31; Be provided with middle shield 6 middle and lower parts two groups totally 4 middle shield oscillating cylinders 15; For the main frame swing provides support a little and oscillatory forces; Stretch support and the oscillatory forces that boots can provide 260t for every group, its function is to drive the replacing space that 1 swing of combined type cutterhead obtains the limit cutter through the shield body.Simultaneously also can assist turning to and rectifying a deviation of main frame where necessary.
In the open type driving,, in tunneling process, play lubricated tail shield and ground effect, can reduce the thrust drag of about 600-1000T, reduce the tail shield and blocked risk in order to prevent that the card shield is provided with the swell soil injected system outside tail shield 8 housings.
Open wide in the driving pattern as running into breaking surrounding rock; When needing advance geologic to reinforce, can arrange leading rig 9 at duct piece assembling machine 10 positions temporarily, have and when passing through unstable country rock stratum, carry out advance geologic boring; Pre-grouting geology reinforcement effect effectively reduces the engineering construction risk., needs utilize the leading rig reserved opening 35 that is arranged on anterior shield 2 dividing plates to carry out parallel and the direction geological exploration of axis, tunnel when carrying out the advance geologic exploration.
Hard rock shield structure of the present invention; Claim combined type TBM again; Be to be the basis with traditional hard rock mole (TBM); Drawn a kind of development machine of the principle and the advantage of earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS, be adapted to weak soil, hard rock, and soft or hard replace the stratum, be specially silts, glue, the constructing tunnel engineering machinery on powder, sand, ovum gravel, decomposed rock stratum.Stable to the control face when soft stratum tunnels, very favourable when ground settlement and assurance construction safety.Hard rock shield structure can adopt open type, two kinds of modes swap constructions of earth pressure balance pattern according to geology and buried depth situation, can be applicable to weak soil, soft rock, hard rock, transition stratum and underground engineering construction equipment alternately simultaneously.The present invention has overcome traditional earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS ground consisting of hard rock and has used limited and TBM such as can not use at shortcoming in soft soil layer; Hard rock, two kinds of advantages of tunneling pattern of weak soil have been taken into account; Integrate hard rock mole technology and weak soil shield structure technology hard rock shield structure, both had hard rock speedy drivage function, have excavation face balance function again; Make Earth Pressure Balance Shield Technology and TBM interpenetrate, merge each other; Expand the geology accommodation of equipment, made the separate unit tunneling equipment have geological adaptability widely, be applicable to the municipal underground engineering construction of the domestic overwhelming majority.Equipment disturbs little to matching operation, can effectively reduce construction risk, has the while equipment manufacturing cost cheap, and control is convenient, and is economical and practical.
Above embodiment only is used to explain preferred implementation of the present invention; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; In the ken that said field those of ordinary skill is possessed; Any modification of being done within spirit of the present invention and the principle, be equal to and substitute and improvement etc., it all should be encompassed within the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.
Claims (9)
1. hard rock combined type TBM who is applicable to compound stratum; Comprise and be positioned at the top cutterhead of shield body (1); The anterior shield (2) that is connected with cutterhead (1), and the middle shield (6) that is connected with anterior shield (2), the tail shield (8) that is connected with middle shield (6); It is characterized in that: described cutterhead (1) is the combined type cutterhead; Comprise cutterhead steel work (20), on cutterhead steel work (20), be welded with wear-resisting panel (21) and guarantor's footpath cutter (24) and be positioned at the cutterhead periphery wear-resistant block (25) of protecting footpath cutter (24) next door that wear-resisting panel (21) is provided with hobboing cutter (22), edge doctor (23) and scraper (28); Hobboing cutter (22) is provided with hobboing cutter protection piece (27) on every side, satisfies the edge doctor (23) and the scraper (28) of the two-way rotation excavation of cutterhead; Cutterhead (1) back is provided with anterior shield stirring rod (33), and cutterhead (1) front and rear is furnished with dregs improvement end port.
2. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described improvement port is cutter head foam mouth (26), swell soil mouth (29), water jet (36).
3. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the anterior shield housing (30) of described anterior shield (2) is provided with and is positioned at upper left side and top-right stabilizer (3), and is positioned at lower left and bottom-right two groups and amounts to four anterior shield oscillating cylinders (31); With also be provided with pre-grouting mouth, screw machine early gate (32), swell soil (34), leading rig reserved opening (35), water jet (36), foam mouth (37) on the dividing plate that anterior shield housing (30) is connected, industrial air mouth (38), soil pressure case (39), anterior shield stirring rod (33) arranged, add the netted wear resistance electrode of welding rod on the anterior shield stirring rod (33).
4. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: be furnished with in the middle shield housing (40) of shield (6) in described and advance oil cylinder (41); Between the junction that advances oil cylinder (41), be provided with pre-grouting pipe (42), and be arranged in lower left and bottom-right two groups of shield oscillating cylinders (15) that amount to four.
5. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described anterior shield (1) is a cone-shaped, and forwardly and be welded with otch wearing layer (19) between the cutterhead 1.
6. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also be provided with duct piece assembling machine (10) in the said tail shield (8), and the leading rig (9) that is connected with duct piece assembling machine (10).
7. described a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum as claimed in claim 1; It comprises earth pressure balance driving pattern and unlimited driving pattern; Two kinds of pattern driving common characteristics are: in the tunneling process; With the support of anterior shield (2), middle shield (6), for the complete machine driving thrust is provided by propulsion system (7), and drives combined type cutterhead (1) revolution excavation driving by drive system (4) as drive system (4) and combined type cutterhead (1); The centre revolving joint (18) that can adapt to combined type cutterhead (1) is provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, can be simultaneously injects swell soil and foam to cutterhead (1) front, in first space, the quarrel soil of cutting is stirred and obtains mixed effect preferably; Dregs through improvement gets into anterior shield (2) soil pressure storehouse through combined type cutterhead (1); Be delivered to belt conveyor (13) through conveying worm (12); Supporting trailer after belt conveyor (13) is delivered to is transported outside the hole by marshaling or continuous belt machine then then; Main frame provides propulsive force to push ahead by pushing away through system (7) coordination control, and draws tail shields (8) through many hinged oil cylinders of group (14) and tunnel forward; Simultaneously; Duct piece assembling machine (10) segment assembly (11) circulation is driving forward, for driving counter-force is provided by the section of jurisdiction (11) of laying in advance, follows the synchronous grouting of section of jurisdiction (11) backing to reinforce; Propulsion system (7) circulation changes step to push ahead, the final tunnel that forms by the ring pipe sheet built.
8. earth pressure balance driving pattern according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: the shield structure is pushed ahead in the process of driving in propulsion system (7); The dregs that combined type cutterhead (1) excavates is full of anterior shield (2) soil pressure storehouse; Control the speed of slagging tap of conveying worm (12) simultaneously, make through the industrial air mouth (38) on anterior shield (2) dividing plate in case of necessity to keep certain air pressure in the soil pressure storehouse, finally reach soil pressure and air pressure balance cutterhead face water and soil pressure that the dregs in the native storehouse produces; Under the driving pattern, stabilizer (3), anterior shield oscillating cylinder (31), middle shield oscillating cylinder (15) are regained the work of refusing hereinto, and leading rig (9) can be installed; Earth pressure balance pattern driving utilizes the industrial air mouth (38) that is arranged on anterior shield (2) dividing plate to set up part air pressure when setting up part air pressure as required, with soil pressure balance face water and soil pressure.
9. unlimited driving pattern according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: thrust is provided by propulsion system (7); Drive combined type cutterhead (1) cutting face ground by drive system (4), the ground that falls down gets into anterior shield (2) Tu Cang, discharges through conveying worm (12); Be arranged in upper left, the upper right oil cylinder of anterior shield (2) in the tunneling process and stretch boots formula stabilizer (3), stretch out during driving to be supported on radially and move forward with main frame on the excavation face; Stabilizer (3) forms triangular support structure with the contact point of shield body bottom and excavation face, and the oil cylinder of stretching boots absorbs the vibration that main frame transmits;
Open type driving pattern can use the auxiliary accent of main frame to reaching deviation correcting device; Be specially under anterior shield (a 2) left side, beam orientation, bottom right arranges two groups of totally four oscillating cylinders (31); Be provided with middle shield (6) middle and lower part two groups totally 4 middle shield oscillating cylinders (15); For the main frame swing provides support a little and oscillatory forces, stretch support and the oscillatory forces that boots can provide 260t for every group, can assist turning to and rectifying a deviation of main frame simultaneously; In the open type driving; Outside tail shield (8) housing, the swell soil injected system is set, in tunneling process, plays lubricated tail shield and ground effect; Can arrange leading rig (9) at duct piece assembling machine (10) position, the leading rig reserved opening 35 on anterior shield (2) dividing plate is carried out parallel and the direction geological exploration of axis, tunnel temporarily.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110317470.7A CN102364049B (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | Hard rock composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) suitable for composite stratum and tunneling mode thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110317470.7A CN102364049B (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | Hard rock composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) suitable for composite stratum and tunneling mode thereof |
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| CN102364049A true CN102364049A (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| CN102364049B CN102364049B (en) | 2014-03-12 |
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