JP2007031961A - Obstacle removing method and boring device in pipe jacking method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent obstacle removing device and facility from becoming a large scale by performing the whole jacking construction with excellent workability without having adverse influence on jacking of a shield machine by original ground excavation by surely and efficiently removing an obstacle. <P>SOLUTION: This pipe jacking method jacks the shield machine 10 and a buried pipe 20 in the ground E from a starting shaft, and removes the obstacle B existing in a jacking passage, and includes a process (a) of jacking the shield machine 10 while excavating the ground E by a rotary excavating disk 30 on the tip of the shield machine 10, a process (b) of cutting only a part of the obstacle B by a rotary cutter 40 rotating separately from the rotary excavating disk 30 on the center line of the rotary excavating disk 30 to the obstacle B existing in a position of passing the center of the rotary excavating disk 30, and a process (c) of crushing the outside of a part cut by a rotary crusher 40 among the obstacle B by rotating the rotary excavating disk 30 by simultaneously performing with the process (a) after the process (b). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an obstacle removal method and excavation apparatus in a propulsion method, and more particularly, in a propulsion method that excavates the ground with an excavator and propulsion burial pipes connected to the excavator, the obstacle buried in the ground Is a method for removing the slag so as not to obstruct the propulsion method, and an excavation apparatus used in such a method.

In the propulsion method, the rotary excavator installed on the front of the excavator can excavate sediment and rocks without any problem, but hard objects such as steel remain buried. May not be easily crushed. When a rotating excavator encounters such an obstacle, not only is it difficult to propel the excavator, but the excavator bit of the rotating excavator is damaged or the rotational resistance is excessive, and the rotary excavator or excavator May turn in the opposite direction.
Therefore, various techniques for removing obstacles existing in the ground have been proposed in the propulsion method.
For example, in Patent Document 1, although not a propulsion method, an obstacle crushing cutter device having a diamond tip or a water jet device is provided on a cutter head that is rotationally driven in front of a tunnel excavator used in a shield method. Technology is shown. Obstacles such as underground piles that cannot be crushed by the cutter head alone are crushed with a diamond tip or water jet device.

Patent Document 2 discloses that in a tunnel excavator, the tip end of a core boring device protruding forward and extending from the vicinity of the center of a ground excavation cutter head is swung to bring the tip core cutter to the position of an obstacle. The technology to reach and crush is shown.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-50788 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-25990

The above-described conventional techniques have a problem that the structure of the excavation apparatus is complicated, work and technology are required for the work of removing the obstacles, and workability of the propulsion work is not so good.
For example, in the technique of Patent Document 1, since the obstacle crushing cutter device attached to the cutter head is rotationally driven together with the cutter head, the weight of the cutter head increases, and the drive motor that rotationally drives the cutter head has a large capacity. There must be. The power cable to the motor that drives the obstacle crushing cutter device and the water pipe of the water jet must be connected to the rotating cutter head, and a complicated mechanism is required for the joint structure of wiring and piping. Unless obstacle crushing cutter devices are provided at a plurality of locations in the radial direction of the cutter head, the obstacle cannot be crushed on the entire surface of the cutter head.

  In particular, since there is no obstacle crushing cutter device in the center portion of the cutter head, if there is an obstacle on the center line of the cutter head, the obstacle cannot be crushed. In general, a triangular plate-like member called a fish tail is provided at the center of the cutter head. This fishtail can move away from the ground soil, but cannot break hard obstacles. In the vicinity of the center of the cutter head, the peripheral speed is extremely slow, and there is no crushing force to crush obstacles. If the fishtail is caught by an obstacle, it becomes difficult to rotate the entire cutter head. There arises a problem that the rotational driving force of the cutter head rotates not the cutter head but the main body side of the excavator in the reverse direction.

  In the technique of Patent Document 2, since the long arm-shaped core boring device protruding from the cutter head is extended in an oblique direction and the obstacle is crushed by the core cutter at the tip, the crushing resistance is the root of the core boring device. A large moment force is generated on the side. The arm-shaped core boring device may bend to avoid an obstacle or the obstacle may not be sufficiently crushed. A device that rocks the long arm-shaped core boring device toward the position where the obstacle is present is necessary, but in order to freely rock the core boring device that is strong enough to withstand the crushing resistance of the obstacle An extremely strong and complicated rocking mechanism is required. The equipment becomes large and complicated, and occupies a large space in the excavation apparatus. When rotating the cutter head during normal excavation work, remove the core boring device and store it in the back of the excavating device, and when removing obstacles, stop the cutter head from rotating and remove the core boring device. Must be mounted in place. Repeating such an operation every time an obstacle is discovered is very inefficient and greatly impairs the productivity of the entire propulsion work.

In the technique of Patent Document 2, a fishtail-shaped center cutter is fixed at the center of the cutter head, and the core boring device is disposed at a position slightly deviated from the center. Again, obstacles cannot be crushed at the center of the cutter head. There is a hassle that the obstacle must be crushed in advance by extending the tip of the core boring device on the center line of the cutter head.
The problem of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional obstacle removal technique described above, perform the removal of obstacles reliably and efficiently, and without adversely affecting the propulsion of the excavator by the original ground excavation, The entire propulsion work can be carried out with good workability, and the apparatus and equipment for removing obstacles should not be oversized.

  The obstruction removal method in the propulsion method according to the present invention is a method of removing an obstruction existing in the propulsion path in the propulsion method in which the excavator and the buried pipe connected to the rear thereof are propelled from the start shaft into the ground. The step (a) of propelling the excavator while excavating the ground with the rotary excavator disposed at the tip of the excavator, and the obstacle present at a position through which the center of the rotary excavator passes. On the other hand, the step (b) of cutting only a part of the obstacle with the rotary cutting tool that rotates separately from the rotary excavator on the center line of the rotary excavator, and after the previous step (b), A step (c) that is performed simultaneously with the step (a), and crushes the outside of the obstacle cut by the rotary cutting tool by rotating the rotary excavator.

[Promotion method]
The basic use equipment and work procedure of the propulsion method can employ the same technology as the normal propulsion method.
As a field of application of the propulsion method, there is a technical field in which various pipe materials such as sewerage, gas piping, electric cable piping, and information communication cable piping are buried in the ground.
In the propulsion method, the excavator and the buried pipe connected to the back of the excavator are propelled from the start shaft into the ground. The excavator is propelled to the reaching shaft, and buried pipes are laid from the starting shaft to the reaching shaft.

The structure of the excavator, the type of the buried pipe, the propulsion method, and the like are appropriately set according to the use and purpose of the buried pipe, the route for laying the buried pipe, that is, the path condition of the propulsion path, the ground condition, and the like. The propulsion path may be a straight line or a curved line such as an arc. There may be a mixture of straight lines and curves.
<Built pipe>
A buried pipe having an appropriate material structure can be used depending on the purpose and application described above. For example, there are a steel pipe, a fume pipe, a concrete pipe, a ceramic pipe, an FRP pipe, and a synthetic resin pipe. Composite tubes combining different materials are also used. The size of the buried pipe varies depending on the purpose, but is usually set to a range of 0.8 to 5 m in diameter and 1 to 5 m in length.

The front and rear ends of the buried pipe are provided with a joint structure and a water stop structure for connecting the buried pipes and connecting the buried pipe to the excavator.
〔Obstacle〕
The obstacle to be removed is an object that exists in the propulsion path through which the excavator and the buried pipe are propelled and obstructs the propulsion of the excavator and the buried pipe.
Unlike the earth and sand and rocks that make up the normal ground, the obstacles are made of metal materials such as steel or ceramic materials, and are difficult to excavate and remove with the excavation means provided for ordinary excavators. . Specifically, shape steel materials such as H-shaped steel and I-shaped steel are included. Sheet piles and sheet pile materials for foundation works using hard metal materials such as steel plates, pipes such as foundation piles and drainage pipes, structural walls that made up underground structures, steel frames, reinforcing bars, reinforcing materials, etc. included.

If some obstacles are exposed on the ground surface or are buried in a shallow basement, it may be easier to remove the obstacles by digging the ground from the ground surface and digging up or removing the obstacles. However, the obstacle removal method according to the present invention is effective when it is buried to a considerably deep position in the ground or when it is difficult to remove the obstacle from the ground surface.
In addition, the method of the present invention is useful when the obstacle is present at least partially on the center line of the excavator in the passing area of the excavator. If there is no obstacle around the center line of the excavator, the method of the present invention may not be applied.
[Digging machine]
The basic structure can apply the same technology as the excavator used in the normal propulsion method.

The excavator has a buried pipe connected to the rear thereof, and has a cylindrical outer shell structure as a whole. The whole structure is constructed by combining and welding steel plates and shaped steel materials. The outer diameter of the excavator is set according to the outer diameter of the buried pipe to be connected.
The excavator is equipped with various mechanisms and devices necessary for propulsion while excavating the ground. A rotary excavator is provided at the tip, and a soil removal mechanism for collecting and sending the earth and sand excavated by the rotary excavator behind the rotary excavator can be provided. A pressure chamber that receives groundwater pressure from the ground to be excavated and a muddy water supply mechanism that supplies muddy water to the excavated surface can also be provided. If the excavator is divided into front and rear parts and connected with a turning jack, the propulsion direction of the excavator can be changed. The excavator can also be equipped with a surveying device that surveys the position and orientation of the excavator.

[Rotary excavator]
It is placed at the tip of the excavator and functions to excavate the ground. It also serves as an obstacle removal function.
Basically, the normal propulsion method or the technology adopted in the excavator can be applied. The rotary excavator is sometimes called a cutter head.
The rotary excavator usually includes a face plate that closes the front surface of the excavator and a excavation bit that is disposed in front of the face plate. The face plate can be provided with an earth and sand taking hole for taking earth and sand excavated by the excavating bit into the excavator. The back side of the rotary excavator is provided with related structures such as a drive motor that rotationally drives the rotary excavator and a variable speed reduction mechanism that changes the speed of the drive motor.

The material, structure and arrangement of the excavation bit can be set in the same manner as a normal rotary excavator. As the excavation bit, it is effective to arrange an excavation bit capable of crushing an obstacle in addition to the excavation bit suitable for excavating the earth and sand constituting the normal ground. Drilling bits that can crush obstacles are made of materials that are harder and tougher than the materials that make up obstacles, such as cemented carbide and ceramics, and have a blade shape and structure suitable for crushing obstacles. used.
As an arrangement structure of the excavation bit, in particular, an excavation bit for crushing an obstacle, the excavation bit on the center side of the rotary excavator is arranged in a form protruding in front of the rotary excavator rather than the outer excavation bit. be able to. The excavation surface composed of the excavation bits arranged in this way constitutes a rotating body surface protruding at the center. The line connecting the excavation bit from the center side to the outer periphery side may be a smooth taper straight line shape, may be a stepped shape of multiple steps, or a curve that bulges outward or dents inward It may be a shape. When the excavation bit is arranged in a tapered linear shape, the excavation surface formed by the passage route of the excavation bit becomes conical when the rotary excavator rotates.

When the excavator is equipped with a rotary cutting tool, the excavation bit is arranged up to a position adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotary cutting tool.
(Rotating cutting tool)
A rotary cutting tool can be placed in the center of the rotary excavator. The rotary cutting tool can rotate independently of the rotary excavator. Further, it is desirable that the rotary excavator can be moved forward and backward. The rotary cutting tool may be mounted on the excavator or may be an independent device separate from the rotary excavator and the excavator.
The rotary cutting tool is intended for cutting obstacles. As the material and structure of the rotary cutting tool, various kinds of civil engineering techniques such as drills and drilling devices used for drilling hard steel materials can be applied. A technique of a cylindrical rotary cutting tool called a core cutter can also be applied. Civil engineering boring technology can also be used.

At the tip of the rotary cutting tool, a cutting part for cutting an obstacle is provided. The material and structure of the cutting part are not limited as long as the material constituting the obstacle can be cut. For example, a bit made of super hard metal or ceramic, a diamond cutter, or the like can be adopted. For the shape and structure of the cutting portion, a technique common to a cutting blade, a crushing blade, or a crushing bit in a normal drill or core cutter can be adopted. A water jet, pressurized air, etc. can be sprayed on a cutting part, a cutting | disconnection can be made easy, a cutting piece and earth and sand adhering to a cutting part can be removed, and collection | recovery of a cutting piece can be made easy.
The rotary cutting tool exhibits a cutting function by the cutting portion by rotating and driving a cylindrical or shaft-like support member that supports the cutting portion as described above with a drive motor such as a hydraulic motor. The rotary cutting tool can be driven by the power from the drive motor of the rotary excavator, but in that case, the appropriate rotational speed of the rotary cutting tool and the rotary excavator is different and the timing of the rotary drive may also be different. Therefore, it is necessary to interpose a power transmission switching mechanism and a variable speed reduction mechanism.

If the support member of the cutting part is connectable in the length direction, the total length of the rotary cutting tool can be changed. If a rotary cutting tool is installed in the excavator, such a change in the overall length is not necessary, but the rotary cutting tool is installed in the start shaft and the cutting part reaches the obstacle at a remote location. In some cases, it can be useful to be able to be extended by additional connections of support members.
When the rotary cutting tool is provided at the center of the rotary excavator of the excavator, the rotary cutting tool is disposed so as to freely advance and retract with respect to the rotary excavator. The advancement / retraction of the rotary cutting tool may be performed manually, but it is desirable to provide various advancement / retraction mechanisms such as a hydraulic cylinder and a rack and pinion mechanism.
In the case where the cutting portion of the rotary cutting tool and the supporting member thereof are cylindrical, the cylindrical internal space can be used as a passage for taking in and collecting the cut pieces of the cut obstacle. When the obstacle is not cut, a lid can be attached to the tip of the cylindrical rotary cutting tool to prevent inflow of earth and sand or leachate. If a pointed lid with a pointed front face of the lid is used, the pointed shape can serve as a fishtail that enhances the excavation function at the center of the rotary excavator.

[Promotion of excavator and excavation of ground]
The excavator is propelled while excavating the ground with a rotary excavator placed at the tip of the excavator.
Basically, it is performed in the same manner as the propulsion machine and ground excavation work in the normal propulsion method. As long as obstacles are present and need to be removed, there is no difference from ordinary propulsion methods.
When a rotary cutting tool is provided at the center of the rotary excavator, the ground can be excavated even at the center of the rotary excavator by rotating the rotary cutting tool together with the rotary excavator. In this case, the rotation of the rotary cutting tool may be slower than the rotation when cutting the obstacle. The rotation of the rotary excavator and the rotary cutting tool can be synchronized and the excavation of the ground can be achieved in cooperation.

In the propulsion of the excavator, the rear end of the excavator and the buried pipe row is pushed forward by a main pushing jack device or the like installed in the start shaft as in the normal propulsion method. New buried pipes are sequentially connected to the rear end of the buried pipe row. Such work is repeated until the excavator reaches the reaching shaft.
[How to remove obstacles]
Obstacles can be removed with a rotary cutting tool provided in the excavator when it is needed during the propulsion process of the excavator, and before the excavator and buried pipe are propelled, There is a method of executing in advance as a process.

[Cutting obstacles: Rotating cutting tools]
For obstacles that exist at the position where the center of the rotary excavator passes, only a part of the obstacle is cut by a rotary cutting tool that rotates separately from the rotary excavator at the position where the center of the rotary excavator passes. To do.
When the rotary cutting tool is equipped on the excavator, when the rotary excavator of the excavator is rotated and the ground is excavated and the excavator is propelled, when approaching an obstacle in front, It is only necessary to stop the rotation of the rotary excavator and the propulsion of the excavator, advance the rotary cutting tool forward from the rotary excavator, and rotate the rotary cutting tool to cut the obstacle. The rotating excavator can be rotated to excavate the ground, and the obstacle can be cut with the rotary cutter while the excavator is also propelled.

The rotary cutting tool cuts the obstacle with a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the shape of the cutting portion provided at the tip. Of the obstacle, the portion outside the cut portion may remain. If the outer diameter of the cut portion is larger than the width of the obstacle, the obstacle is divided. When the width of the obstacle is large, the obstacle has a hole corresponding to the outer diameter of the cut portion.
Of the obstacle, the portion cut by the rotary cutting tool is separated from the obstacle as a lump corresponding to the cutting diameter, or as a fine particle lump or a cut piece in the form of a fine piece. If the cut piece remains on the ground side, it can be recovered together with the ground sediment by crushing obstacles and excavating the ground using a rotary excavator performed thereafter. If the rotary cutting tool has a cylindrical shape, the obstacle cutting piece can be taken into the internal space of the cylindrical rotary cutting tool and collected.

In order to efficiently cut and remove obstacles that cannot be cut with a rotary excavator with a rotary cutting tool, it is desirable to set the rotational speed of the rotary cutting tool sufficiently higher than the rotational speed of the rotary excavator. . Usually, it can be set in the range up to 70 rpm.
The larger the cutting diameter by the cutting part of the rotary cutting tool, the wider the range of obstacles can be cut and removed. However, if the cutting diameter becomes too large, a large driving force is required and it is difficult to rotate at high speed. Usually, the cutting diameter is set to 10 to 30 cm, although it varies depending on the setting of the rotational speed.
[Fracture of obstacles: rotary excavator]
The obstacle partially cut by the rotary cutting tool is further crushed by a rotary excavator. Of the obstacle, the outside of the portion cut by the rotary cutting tool will be crushed.

This step can be performed in the same steps as the propulsion of the excavator and the excavation of the ground.
If the excavator is propelled while rotating the rotary excavator, the rotating rotary excavator comes into contact with the obstacle. When the excavation bit of the rotary excavator comes into contact with the edge of the cutting portion of the obstacle by the rotary cutting tool, the crushing occurs and proceeds from there, so that the obstacle outside the cutting portion is efficiently It will be crushed. Even if the obstacle is so strong that it cannot be crushed by the excavation bit of the rotary excavator alone, if the cut part is generated in a part of the obstacle, the edge of the cut part becomes brittle or stress concentration occurs. Since it becomes easy, it can be easily crushed even with a drilling bit of a rotary excavator.

If a rotary excavator is used that has a drilling surface with the center side protruding forward from the outer peripheral side, the obstacle will be crushed near the center of the rotary excavator from the inner peripheral edge of the cutting part by the rotary cutting tool. The above-mentioned crushing action of starting and crushing sequentially from there to the outer peripheral side is effectively exhibited.
In the central part of the rotary excavator, it is difficult to install the excavation bit, and even if the excavation bit is installed, the peripheral speed becomes too slow and only a weak crushing force can be generated, so it is difficult to crush the obstacle. However, if the obstacle around the center of the rotary excavator has already been crushed by the rotary cutting tool, it is not necessary to crush the obstacle at the central portion that is difficult to crush with the rotary excavator. Even the excavation bit of the rotary excavator has a sufficient peripheral speed at a location away from the center, so that a sufficient crushing force can be generated to crush the obstacle.

The larger the rotational speed of the rotary excavator when crushing an obstacle, the larger the peripheral speed can be given to the excavation bit near the center, and the crushing and removal of the obstacle becomes easier. However, it is difficult to rotate the entire large-diameter rotary excavator at high speed. In addition, the peripheral speed at the outer peripheral portion of the rotary excavator becomes excessive, which adversely affects the excavation of the ground. Usually, it may be set to the same number of revolutions as when excavating the ground with a rotary excavator or set to a slightly larger number of revolutions. Specifically, the excavation outer diameter of the rotary excavator is set in a range of the same diameter as the outer diameter of the buried pipe and 50 cm larger, and the rotation speed can be set in a range up to 8.0 rpm.
The rotary excavator excavates the surrounding ground simultaneously with the crushing of obstacles. The obstacle cut pieces are taken together with the ground soil and collected by the excavator, and finally discarded.

  When crushing an obstacle with a rotary excavator, the rotary cutting tool provided in the excavator may be withdrawn to the rotary excavator side. Even when excavating the ground with the rotary excavator and propelling the excavator, the rotary cutting tool can be withdrawn to the rotary excavator side. At any time, when the rotary cutting tool has a cylindrical tip, it is desirable to cover the tip. If the rotary cutting tool has moved forward from the rotary excavator for a long time, a force that bends or damages the rotary cutting tool due to the resistance force from the ground side may be applied. If the tip of the cylindrical rotary cutting tool is left open, there will be a problem of soil and soil leachate flowing in. If the lid that closes the tip of the rotary cutting tool is a pointed lid, the function of excavating the ground can be exhibited even at the center of the rotary excavator.

[Removal of obstacles before propulsion construction]
The excavator is not equipped with a rotary cutting tool, and the obstruction removal work can be performed before the normal propulsion work for propelling the excavator and excavating the ground.
Specifically, as the step (b) of cutting only a part of the obstacle with the rotary cutting tool, the rotary cutting along the path through which the center of the rotary excavator passes through the ground from the starting shaft to the obstacle. Step (b-1) in which the tool is advanced to cut only a part of the obstacle and Step (b-2) in which the rotary cutting tool is withdrawn to the start shaft after the previous step (b-1). And a step (b-3) of backfilling the space in the ground from which the rotary cutting tool has left with a filler.

  The equipment related to the rotary cutting tool is installed in the start shaft. Specifically, main body parts such as a normal core cutter device, a boring device, and a drilling device equipped with a rotary cutting tool are installed in the start shaft. Then, the cutting portion of the rotary cutting tool and its supporting member are advanced into the ground to reach the position of the obstacle, and the obstacle is crushed in a shape corresponding to the shape of the cutting portion. The presence of an obstacle is detected in advance by a ground penetrating radar or the like. Find the distance to move the rotary cutting tool into the ground. According to the distance by which the rotary cutting tool is advanced, a support member that supports the cutting portion may be added to extend the entire length. The advancing direction of the rotary cutting tool is matched with the center line of the propulsion path of the excavator. The rotary cutting tool may be advanced on the center line of the propulsion path of the excavator to detect the obstacle when the obstacle hits the obstacle and the resistance increases. An obstacle can be detected by installing a metal detector or a ground penetrating radar at the tip of the rotary cutting tool.

When cutting and removal of the target obstacle is completed, the rotary cutting tool may be withdrawn to the starting shaft and removed. A space corresponding to the outer diameter of the rotary cutting tool remains on the ground after the rotary cutting tool is withdrawn from the start shaft to the position of the obstacle. This space is preferably backfilled with a filler because leachate from the ground may leak out.
As the filler, the same earth and sand as the ground can be used. Viscous substances with shape maintenance and water-stopping properties such as clay can be used. A curable material such as mortar can also be used. However, the filling material needs to have excavation ability that can be excavated together with the ground by a rotary excavator after filling.

If backfilling with a filling material is performed, then a propulsion operation using a normal excavator may be performed. The excavator is propelled from the starting vertical shaft to the ground, and the excavator and the buried pipe connected to the back of the excavator are propelled to the ground while excavating the ground with the rotary excavator of the excavator.
When excavating the ground with a rotary excavator, the filler is excavated together with the ground. The excavated filler is taken into the excavator and collected together with the earth and sand.
When the propulsion operation of the excavator progresses and the rotary excavator reaches the position of the obstacle, the center of the rotary excavator is disposed at the center of the obstacle cut by the rotary cutting tool. In this state, as described above, the crushing is performed from the cut portion of the obstacle to the outside by the rotation of the rotary excavator. As for the obstacle, a region corresponding to the outer diameter of the rotary excavator is crushed and removed, and the excavator and the buried pipe line can easily pass the obstacle.

  In the method described above, the removal work of a part of the obstacle by the rotary cutting tool, the propulsion of the excavator and the excavation work of the ground are performed in completely separate work steps. The propulsion of the excavator and the excavation of the ground can be performed in the same manner as a normal propulsion method regardless of the obstacle.

The obstruction removal method in the propulsion method according to the present invention includes the step of removing the obstruction existing in the propulsion path by cutting only a part of the obstruction with a rotary cutting tool, and then the obstruction is crushed. By combining with the step of crushing the outer portion from the raised portion with the rotary excavator, obstacles that are difficult to remove with the rotary excavator can be easily removed.
In particular, the rotary cutting tool can cut and remove the obstacle that passes through the center of the rotary excavator, so the obstacle in the central part that is difficult to crush with the rotary excavator can be crushed. You do n’t have to. If it is a part away from the center, it is easy to crush obstacles even with the excavation bit of the rotary excavator.

The rotary cutting tool does not have to be used for crushing all obstacles, but only cuts a specific portion corresponding to the center of the rotary excavator. Obstacles can be cut and removed with a rotary cutting tool in a short time. Since the device and structure related to the rotary cutting tool need only be operated under the same conditions only at a predetermined specific location, the device structure can be simplified and the space in the excavator is not occupied greatly.
As a result, even if the obstacles are cut and removed, the propulsion method is implemented efficiently and economically with good workability without adding any complicated equipment or work process compared to the normal propulsion method. can do.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 uses an excavator with built-in obstacle removal means.
[Structure of the machine]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the basic structure of the excavator 10 is the same as that of an ordinary excavator for a propulsion method. The whole is formed of a cylindrical body constructed of a steel plate material, and a buried pipe such as a fume pipe is connected to the rear end.
<Rotary excavator>
A rotary excavator 30 for excavating the ground E is provided at the tip of the excavator 10. The rotary excavator 30 is made of a steel plate and has a disk shape. It is rotationally driven by a drive motor 36 installed in the excavator 10 and driven by hydraulic pressure or the like. In FIG. 1, it exists in the center of the rotary excavation machine 30 from the several drive motor 36 arrange | positioned in the circumferential direction several places on the outer peripheral side rather than the center axis | shaft of the excavator 10, via a planetary gear reduction device. Rotational power is transmitted to the hollow rotary shaft, and the face plate 32 disposed on the front surface of the rotary excavator 30 and supported by the rotary shaft is driven to rotate.

As shown in FIG. 2, a large number of excavation bits 34 and 35 are arranged on the front surface of the face plate 32. The excavation bits 34 and 35 are made of hard metal, ceramic, or the like, and rotate and move together with the face plate 32 in the circumferential direction to scrape the ground.
The excavation bits 34 are arranged in a row along the radial direction from the center side to the outer peripheral side of the face plate 32, and as shown in FIG. 1, the central excavation bit 34 is arranged on the outer peripheral side excavation bit 34. Rather than projecting forward from the excavator 10. A row of excavation bits 34 extending in the radial direction from the center side to the outer peripheral side has a tapered linear shape in which each tip position protrudes forward toward the center side. When the rotary excavator 30 is rotated, the excavation surface constituted by the tip position of the excavation bit 34 constitutes a conical surface with the center side protruding from the outer peripheral side. The material and structure of the excavation bit 34 are not only capable of excavating the ground E, but are also hard and strong enough to crush the obstacle B made of steel or the like.

In addition to the excavation bit 34, the excavation bit 35 arranged on the front surface of the face plate 32 is arranged on the surface of the face plate 32 without protruding largely in front of the face plate 32. The excavation bit 35 only needs to have the same structure, material, and function as the excavation bit in the ordinary excavator 10 or the rotary excavator 30. The excavation bit 35 does not need to have a function of crushing the obstacle B. The excavation bits 35 are arranged in a row in the radial direction in the middle of the arrangement row of the excavation bits 34, or are arranged along the outer peripheral edge of the face plate 32.
The face plate 32 has a soil intake hole 37 for receiving the excavated earth and sand at a location adjacent to the excavation bit 35. The earth and sand taken into the back side of the face plate 32 from the earth and sand taking-in hole 37 is a earth and sand discharge pipe (not shown) provided inside the excavator 10, and from the excavator 10 through the buried pipe 20 to the start shaft or on the ground. And discharged.

A through space is provided at the center of the rotary excavator 30, and a cylindrical cutting tube 42 provided in the rotary cutting tool 40 is disposed. Accordingly, the face plate 32 of the rotary excavator 30 is supported at the center by the hollow rotation shaft, and the rotational driving force of the drive motor 36 rotates the face plate 32 via the hollow rotation shaft. The rotary cutting tool 40 is a member that moves separately from the rotary excavator 30.
<Rotary cutting tool>
The rotary cutting tool 40 is disposed along the center line of the excavator 10 and the rotary excavator 30.
The rotary cutting tool 40 has a cylindrical cutting tube 42. The cutting pipe 42 is composed of a rigid steel pipe or the like, and is rotationally driven by a drive motor 46 disposed in the rear portion of the excavating machine 10. The cutting pipe 42 and the drive motor 46 are supported by an operating shaft of an advance / retreat drive cylinder 50 installed in the excavator 10, and advance / retreat in the axial direction by the operation of the advance / retreat drive cylinder 50.

The distal end side of the cutting tube 42 is disposed at the distal end of the rotary excavator 30 through a through space provided in the center of the rotary excavator 30. The rotary excavator 30 is disposed near the tip of the central excavation bit 34 protruding forward.
A large number of cutting blades 44 are provided along the circumferential direction at the tip of the cutting tube 42 to form a circumferential cutting portion. The cutting blade 44 has a material and a structure that can cut or crush even a hard obstacle B such as a super hard ceramic or a diamond blade.
The distal end opening of the cutting tube 42 is closed with a detachable pointed lid 48. The pointed lid 48 is made of steel or the like and is fitted to the inner periphery of the cutting tube 42. The tip end portion of the pointed lid 48 is made of a hard material similar to that of the excavation bit 35 described above and has a triangular plate shape.

[Promotion of ground excavation]
As shown in FIG. 1, the excavation machine 10 and the buried pipe 20 are propelled by the ground E. Although not shown, the excavator 10 is propelled from the inner side wall of the start shaft dug into the ground E from the ground surface to the ground E. A device for applying a thrust to the excavator 10 such as a push jack device is installed in the start shaft. As the excavator 10 is propelled, the buried pipe 20 is sequentially connected to the rear of the excavator 10. Such propulsion construction is no different from the normal propulsion method.
The rotary excavator 30 of the excavator 10 is provided with the excavation bit 34 in a tapered shape from the center side toward the outer peripheral side, and constitutes a conical excavation surface. Therefore, excavation of the ground E is also conical excavation. This is done as the plane moves forward. The excavation of the ground E is performed more efficiently because the resistance from the ground E is less likely to occur than when excavating with a rotary excavator having a flat excavation surface.

At this time, the rotary cutting tool 40 is also rotated together with the rotary excavator 30. The rotation of the rotary cutting tool 40 may be slower than when the obstacle B is cut. It may be the same degree as the rotation of the rotary excavator 30. A pointed lid 48 disposed at the tip of the rotary cutting tool 40 acts to push the ground E so as to cut through the ground E, facilitating the advancement of the excavator 10.
[Presence of obstacles]
In FIG. 1, an obstacle B made of an H-shaped steel material is buried in front of the propulsion path of the excavator 10. Such an obstacle B is a structure in which a building constructed in the past or an underground pile of a civil engineering structure remains. The H-shaped steel material that is the obstacle B is in a state in which the length direction is perpendicular to the propulsion direction of the excavator 10, and the H-shaped central side is disposed toward the propulsion direction of the excavator 10. . Therefore, it is difficult to cut or crush the obstacle B with the excavation bits 34 and 35 provided in the rotary excavator 30 of the excavator 10. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, since the obstacle B exists so as to cross the center at the front surface of the excavator 10, that is, the rotary excavator 30, even if the central portion of the rotary excavator 30 hits the obstacle B, The obstacle B cannot be scraped off or crushed at the central portion that is not substantially rotated or has a low peripheral speed.

It is desirable that the exact position and orientation of the obstacle B be investigated in advance using the ground surface or a ground penetrating radar or a magnetic probe provided in the excavator 10.
As a result, when it is found that the obstacle B exists on the extension path of the center of the rotary excavator 30 or at a very close position in the propulsion path of the excavator 10, the removal of the obstacle B by the rotary cutting tool 40 is performed. I do. When the obstacle B exists at a position away from the center extension line of the rotary excavator 30, the obstacle B can be removed only by the rotary excavator 30 without using the rotary cutting tool 40.
[Eliminating obstacles with rotating cutting tools]
As shown in FIG. 3A, the propulsion of the excavator 10 is temporarily stopped, and the rotational driving of the rotary excavator 30 is also temporarily stopped. In the rotary cutting tool 40, the pointed lid 48 is removed to the inside of the excavator 10 through the inside of the cutting tube 42.

In this state, the drive motor 46 is rotationally driven to rotate the cutting tube 42 and the cutting blade 44 at the tip of the cutting tube 42 at high speed. Further, the advancing / retreating drive cylinder 50 is operated so that the distal end side of the cutting tube 42 is advanced forward from the distal end of the rotary excavator 30.
The rotary cutting tool 40 advances forward, the cutting blade 44 at the tip of the cutting tube 42 contacts the obstacle B, and the obstacle B is cut and crushed while the cutting blade 44 rotates. As shown in FIG. 3B, the cutting blades 44 arranged circumferentially scrape the obstacle B into a cylindrical shape and crush it. A cutting hole h corresponding to the outer diameter of the cutting blade 44 is formed in the obstacle B. Since the width of the obstacle B is narrower than the outer diameter of the cutting blade 44, the obstacle B is divided into upper and lower parts, and the cutting hole h is not a perfect circle but a space in which the right and left are released. Further, the cut piece b separated from the obstacle B remains in the internal space of the cylindrical cutting blade 44.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the cut piece b is taken into the cutting tube 42, taken out from the opening at the rear end of the cutting tube 42, recovered and discarded.
After crushing the obstacle B, the rotation of the rotary cutting tool 40 is stopped, the advance / retreat drive cylinder 50 is operated, and the rotary cutting tool 40 is withdrawn.
As can be seen from the above description, the rotary cutting tool 40 is useful when the obstacle B exists on the center of the rotary excavator 30 or the center line of the propulsion path of the excavator 10, and is away from the center. The obstacle B that exists so as to cross only the outer peripheral side is not crushed and removed by the rotary cutting tool 40.

[Eliminating obstacles with a rotating excavator]
As shown in FIG. 4A, the tip cover 48 is attached again to the tip of the rotary cutting tool 40 when the work of the rotary cutting tool 40 is completed.
The rotary excavator 30 is driven to rotate, and the excavator 10 and the buried pipe 20 are propelled. At this time, the rotary cutting tool 40 is also rotated together with the rotary excavator 30. However, the rotation of the rotary cutting tool 40 may be slower than when the obstacle B is cut. It may be the same degree as the rotation of the rotary excavator 30.
When the excavator 10 moves forward, the excavation bit 34 of the rotary excavator 30 contacts the obstacle B. At this time, the conical excavation surface constituted by the excavation bit 34 has a central portion close to the apex of the cone that hits the inner periphery of the cutting hole h of the obstacle B that is cut by the rotary cutting tool 40. Of the obstacle B, the inner peripheral edge of the cutting hole h has a thin plate shape and is relatively fragile and easily chipped. Therefore, the obstacle is crushed so that the excavation bit 34 comes into contact with it. The crushing proceeds from the inner peripheral edge of the cutting hole h by the rotary cutting tool 40 to the outside one after another. As the excavator 10 moves forward, the crushing of the obstacle B gradually proceeds from the near side to the far side.

Since the crushed material of the obstacle B crushed by the excavation bit 34 is finely crushed, the excavating machine 10 is connected to the excavating machine 10 through the earth and sand intake holes 37 in the face plate 32 of the rotary excavator 30 together with the earth and sand constituting the surrounding ground E. It is collected inside and discarded.
Eventually, as shown in FIG. 4B, the obstacle B is crushed in a wide region corresponding to the outer diameter of the rotary excavator 30. As shown in FIG. 2, the excavation bit 34 is arranged on the face plate 32 of the rotary excavator 30 so as to protrude slightly outside the outer peripheral diameter of the rotary excavator 30. It is crushed with an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of 30. As a result, the excavator 10 and the buried pipe 20 can easily pass through the cut portion of the obstacle B.

After the rotary excavator 30 of the excavator 10 has passed the position of the obstacle B, the excavation of the ground E by the rotary excavator 30 and the excavator 10 and the burial are performed in the same manner as the propulsion work on the normal ground E described above. The tube 20 is propelled.
Although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, if the excavation machine 10 reaches | attains the reaching shaft already constructed, propulsion construction will be completed. Thereafter, various operations similar to normal propulsion work can be performed, such as removal of the excavating machine 10 and finishing construction of the inside or end of the buried pipe 20 row.
[Eliminating obstacles by separate process]
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rotary cutting tool 40 is not provided in the excavator 10, and the crushing of the obstacle B is performed in a work process separate from the propulsion work. Since there are many points common to the above-described embodiment regarding the basic apparatus structure and work procedure, the description of common points will be omitted, and the differences will be mainly described.

<Eliminating obstacles with a rotating cutting tool>
As shown in FIG. 5, the rotary cutting tool 40 is installed in the starting shaft H dug down perpendicularly from the ground surface to the ground E. At this stage, the propulsion construction by the excavator 10 has not started.
The rotary cutting tool 40 has a cutting tube 42 and a cutting blade 44 arranged circumferentially at the tip of the cutting tube 42 and is rotationally driven by a drive motor 46 as in the above embodiment.
However, the cutting tube 42 can extend the entire length by sequentially connecting pipe materials having a certain length in the length direction. The drive motor 46 is connected to the rear end of the cutting pipe 42 inside the start shaft H. When extending the cutting tube 42, a new pipe material is added to the rear end of the cutting tube 42, and the drive motor 46 is reconnected to the rear end.

The drive motor 46 is installed on a support base 45, and the support base 45 is supported by a support rail 47 installed on the start shaft H. The support base 45 and the drive motor 46 move forward and backward on the support rail 47. With the drive motor 46 retracted, a new tube material can be added between the cutting tube 42 and the drive motor 46. If the drive motor 46 is advanced, the cutting tube 42 can be advanced while rotating.
A cutting tube 42 having a cutting blade 44 at the tip is advanced to the ground E from the inner wall of the start shaft H. The ground E is cut into a cylindrical shape by the rotationally driven cutting blade 44 and the cutting tube 42 is advanced. The earth and sand of the ground E existing inside the cutting blades 44 arranged circumferentially is taken into the internal space of the cutting tube 42. The earth and sand taken into the cutting pipe 42 can be taken out from the opening end of the cutting pipe 42 at the start shaft H and discarded.

The cutting tube 42 and the cutting blade 44 move forward and reach the position of the obstacle B. The cutting blade 44 contacts the obstacle B and cuts the obstacle B. Similarly to FIG. 3B, the obstacle B is cut out corresponding to the circumferential shape of the cutting blade 44 to form a substantially circular cutting hole h.
If the cutting blade 44 and the cutting tube 42 penetrate the obstacle B, the cutting tube 42 stops moving forward, and the cutting tube 42 and the cutting blade 44 are pulled back to the start shaft H. Specifically, contrary to when the cutting tube 42 is extended, the pipe materials that have been added are sequentially removed from the rear end of the cutting tube 42. Each time the pipe material is removed, the drive motor 46 connected to the cutting tube 42 is retracted to the rear of the support rail 47 or returned to the front, so that the cutting tube 42 can be pulled out from the ground E while rotating.

All the cutting pipes 42 and cutting blades 44 are removed, and the drive motor 46, the support base 45, and the support rail 47 are also removed from the start shaft H.
After that, as shown in FIG. 6, a long cavities corresponding to the outer diameter of the cutting tube 42 left on the ground E are filled with a filling 70 made of mortar, earth and sand, and the like. This is effective in preventing groundwater from leaking from the ground E.
<Promotion construction by excavator>
Next, as shown in FIG. 6, propulsion work is performed by the excavator 10.
The excavator 10 used here does not have the rotary cutting tool 40 mounted therein. In the rotary excavator 30, excavation bits 34 and 35 are arranged on the face plate 32, as in the above embodiment. The excavation bit 34 is arranged in a tapered shape from the center side to the outer peripheral side, and the excavation surface forms a conical shape with the center protruding. The front shape of the rotary excavator 30 is basically the same as that of FIG. 2 of the above embodiment, but there is no space for arranging the rotary cutting tool 40 and the rotary cutting tool 40 at the center. Instead, at the center of the rotary excavator 30, a triangular plate-like projection, a so-called fish tail structure is provided.

The propulsion work of the excavator 10 is performed by applying a propulsive force to the rear end of the excavator 10 with the main pushing jack device 60 installed in the start shaft H, and rotating the rotary excavator 30 of the excavator 10 to rotate the ground E The excavator 10 is propelled to the ground E while excavating. As in the above-described embodiment, the excavation bit 34 disposed in a tapered shape on the rotary excavator 30 excavates the ground E efficiently, so that the propulsion of the excavator 10 proceeds smoothly and quickly. When excavating the ground E with the rotary excavator 30, the filler 70 is excavated with the surrounding ground E near the center of the rotary excavator 30. Since the filling 70 is not a very hard object, it is easily excavated.
After the excavator 10 has been propelled a certain distance, a new buried pipe 20 is connected to the rear end of the excavator 10, and the driving force is applied to the rear end of the buried pipe 20 row by the main push jack device 60 again. This is the same as the normal propulsion method.

When the excavator 10 reaches the position of the obstacle B, the excavation bit 34 in the central portion of the rotary excavator 30 comes into contact with the inner peripheral edge of the cutting hole h formed through the obstacle B. As in the above embodiment, the obstacle B is gradually crushed from the inner peripheral edge of the cutting hole h to the outer peripheral side and from the near side to the far side. Eventually, the obstacle B in a range corresponding to the outer diameter of the rotary excavator 30 is crushed. Of course, the surrounding ground E is excavated simultaneously with the crushing of the obstacle B, and the propulsion machine 10 can be easily promoted. Even after passing through the obstacle B, the excavator 10 is propelled together with the buried pipe 20 while excavating the ground E with the rotary excavator 30.
Therefore, just by excavating the ground E with the rotary excavator 30 and propelling the excavator 10 in exactly the same way as in the normal propulsion method, the obstacle B existing on the way is easily crushed and removed to propel it. It is possible to continue construction.

  In this embodiment, since the rotary cutting tool 40 is not mounted on the excavator 10, the structure of the excavator 10 is simplified. A ready-made excavator can be used as it is. However, since it is necessary to perform in advance the operation process of forming the small cutting hole h in the obstacle B with the rotary cutting tool 40, the operation process must be performed in two stages. An appropriate method may be adopted among the method of this embodiment and the method of the above embodiment depending on the construction conditions of the propulsion method.

  The obstacle removal method in the propulsion method according to the present invention is such that, for example, a part of an existing civil engineering building or an underground structure is buried in the ground, such as a location that crosses an underground city or river. Often used in construction environments. Obstacle removal and propulsion can be performed easily and efficiently without using a large and complicated device as the structure of an excavator or an obstacle removal device.

Sectional drawing in the excavation promotion process of the ground showing the embodiment of the present invention Front view of rotary excavator of excavator Sectional view (a) and main part front view (b) of obstacle removal work by rotary cutting tool Sectional view (a) and main part front view (b) of obstacle removal work by rotary excavator Sectional drawing of the obstacle removal operation | work by a rotary cutting tool showing another embodiment Sectional drawing of the obstruction removal operation | work by a rotary excavator in another embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Excavator 20 Embedded pipe 30 Rotating excavator 32 Face plate 34, 35 Excavator bit 36 Rotating excavator drive motor 40 Rotating cutting tool 42 Cutting pipe 44 Cutting blade 46 Rotating cutting tool drive motor 48 Pointed lid 50 Advance drive cylinder B Failure Item b Cutting piece h Cutting hole

Claims (7)

In the propulsion method of propelling the excavator and the buried pipe connected to the back of the excavator from the start shaft into the ground, a method for removing obstacles existing in the propulsion path,
A step (a) of propelling the excavator while excavating the ground with a rotary excavator disposed at the tip of the excavator;
A step of cutting only a part of the obstacle with a rotary cutting tool that rotates on the center line of the rotary excavator separately from the rotary excavator with respect to the obstacle present at the position where the center of the rotary excavator passes. (B) and
After the previous step (b), the step (c) is performed simultaneously with the step (a), and the outside of the obstacle cut by the rotary cutting tool is crushed by rotating the rotary excavator (c )When,
Obstacle removal method in the propulsion method including In the step (b), using the excavator provided with the rotary cutting tool forward and backward with respect to the center of the rotary excavator, the rotary cutting tool is advanced to the front of the rotary excavator and part of the obstacle Only cut and
In the step (c), the rotary cutting tool is retracted to the rotary excavator side.
The obstruction removal method in the propulsion method of Claim 1. In the step (b), as the rotating cutting tool, a cylindrical rotating cutting tool having a cylindrical shape and having a circumferential cutting portion at the tip is used, and after cutting only a part of the obstacle, the obstacle The cut piece is taken into the circumferential rotary cutting tool and collected,
In the step (c), a lid is placed on a distal end opening of the cylindrical rotary cutting tool.
The obstruction removal method in the propulsion method of Claim 2. The step (b) is performed before the step (a), and the rotary cutting tool is advanced along a path through which the center of the rotary excavator passes into the ground from the start shaft to the obstacle. A step (b-1) for cutting only a part of the obstacle, and a step (b-2) for removing the rotary cutting tool to the start shaft after the previous step (b-1). And (b-3) a step of backfilling the space in the ground from which the rotary cutting tool has exited with a filler,
In the step (a), the rotary excavator excavates the filler together with the ground.
The obstruction removal method in the propulsion method of Claim 1. In the step (c), as the rotary excavator, a rotary excavator having a conical excavation surface whose front side protrudes forward from the outer peripheral side is used, and the obstacle is sequentially crushed from the central side to the outer peripheral side. The obstruction removal method in the propulsion method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. In the propulsion method of propelling the excavator and the buried pipe connected to the back of the excavator from the start shaft into the ground, the excavator is used for a method of removing obstacles existing in the propulsion path,
The digging machine in which the buried pipe is connected to the rear to form a cylinder, and
A rotary excavator that is disposed at the tip of the excavator and excavates the ground;
A rotary cutting tool that is disposed on the center line of the rotary excavator, rotates separately from the rotary excavator, and is movable forward and backward from the rotary excavator;
An excavation device for a propulsion method with The rotary excavator has a conical excavation surface in which the center side adjacent to the rotary cutting tool protrudes forward from the outer peripheral side,
The excavation apparatus for the propulsion method according to claim 6.

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