CN102337280A - 短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因及其植物表达载体与应用 - Google Patents
短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因及其植物表达载体与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因faldh及其植物表达载体的构建方法和应用,提供了能提高甲醛耐受能力的短芽孢杆菌faldh基因的核苷酸序列和其编码的蛋白质的氨基酸序列,用该基因构建植物表达载体pK2GW7-35S-faldh,并通过农杆菌介导转入植物中,使植物提高对甲醛的吸收、代谢和耐受能力,克服植物本身甲醛代谢关键酶表达水平较低,吸收代谢甲醛能力低的缺点;实验证明含有甲醛脱氢酶faldh基因的转基因植物吸收液体中甲醛的速率优于野生型;通过转基因植物表达的FALDH蛋白有氧化甲醛的能力,且稳定性好,能一直在植物中发挥作用;FALDH蛋白在转基因植物中的过量表达使其代谢气体甲醛的能力大大提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程领域,具体涉及短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因及其甲醛脱氢酶基因植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh及该基因在提高植物吸收和耐受甲醛能力强的转基因植物中的应用。
背景技术
甲醛是一种无色,有强烈刺激气味的气体,易溶于水、醇和醚。它反应能力极强,能与蛋白质,核酸和脂类产生非特异性的反应(Feldman等,Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol,1973,13:1-49),是一种非常活泼的化合物,因此对所有的生物来说都有很高的毒性。甲醛被广泛用于工业生产中,是制造树脂、胶粘剂、油漆、塑料、人造纤维的原料,是胶粘剂工业应用最广泛的化学原材料。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,各种原料制成的建筑装饰材料已走入各种室内公共场所和家庭,使甲醛成为室内空气污染公认最具代表性的化学物质。人们入住新居都要进行室内装饰和更新家具,其正是室内空气甲醛污染的主要来源。甲醛污染危害严重的场所是:居室、办公室、会议室、宾馆、KTV包房、家具商场、建材商场等。室内空气中游离甲醛浓度在中国规定的允许值是0.08(mg/立方米),有调查表明新的宾馆客房室内空气中甲醛浓度最高达0.36mg/立方米,平均为0.173mg/立方米,是室外对照的13倍。而家具商场最高达0.873mg/立方米,平均为0.432mg/立方米,是室外对照的33倍。建成一所经过装饰的实验室,空气中甲醛平均浓度高达0.5mg/立方米,是室外的62.5倍。抽样检测发现单位及住户室内环境污染严重,查了11家只有1户合格,其中竟有1户甲醛超标25倍。
甲醛为较高毒性物质,当室内空气中甲醛含量为0.1mg/立方米时,就有异味和不适感;达到0.5 mg/立方米时,可刺激眼睛,引起流泪;达到0.6 mg/立方米时,可引起咽喉不适或疼痛。浓度更高时,可引起恶心呕吐,咳嗽胸闷,气喘甚至肺水肿;达到30 mg/立方米时,会立即致人死亡。长期接触低剂量甲醛可引起慢性呼吸道疾病,引起鼻烟癌、结肠癌、脑瘤、月经紊乱、细胞核的基因突变,DNA单链内交连和DNA与蛋白质交连及抑制DNA损伤的修复、妊娠综合症、引起新生儿染色体异常、白血病,这就是所谓的装修综合病(sick-house)。 相对于油漆中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TDI、VOC等有害物质来说,甲醛具有潜伏周期长(3-15年)、隐藏深、分布广、易挥发、治理难、危害大等特性。
植物具有净化空气,改善环境的作用。已有研究表明外源甲醛能够作为碳源被整合入植物光合细胞的代谢中。比如,普通的挂兰在14C标记的甲醛上生长时通过一碳代谢产生14C标记的产物,如丝氨酸和卵磷脂。甲醛可以和谷胱苷肽,精氨酸,天冬酰氨和四氢叶酸形成加合物后通过不同的途径进行代谢。对几种真核生物的生化和遗传学研究表明谷胱苷肽依赖型甲醛脱氢酶(FALDH)是甲醛代谢的关键酶之一。甲醛脱氢酶广泛存在于微生物和植物体的所有组织中,它催化的反应以甲醛和谷胱苷肽的加合物硫代羟甲基谷胱苷肽(S-hydroxymethylglutathione)为底物产生硫代甲酰基谷胱苷肽(S-formylglutathione)。在植物中还有硫代甲酰谷胱苷肽水解酶,它能把S-formylglutathione分解为甲酸和谷胱苷肽。这两个酶组成一条甲醛到甲酸的氧化途径。Achkor等人为了检测甲醛脱氢酶的功能,对来源于拟南芥FALDH的基因进行遗传操作,得到了不同FALDH水平的拟南芥转基因株系。过量表达此酶的拟南芥对外源甲醛的摄取效率提高25%,FALDH水平降低的植物(由于共抑制表型或者反义表达)和野生型拟南芥相比,甲醛脱毒速率显著缓慢,能力下降。这些结果表明植物吸收甲醛的能力与FALDH活力水平相关 (Achkor等,Plant Physiol, 2003, 132(4): 2248-2255)。
综上所述,高等植物都拥有甲醛代谢途径,但其甲醛代谢关键酶在高等植物中表达水平较低,稳定性差,使植物无法应对外界环境中高浓度甲醛的胁迫,如何提高植物吸收耐受及代谢甲醛的能力就成为本领域的技术人员尤为关注的问题。很多研究结果说明来自耐热性微生物的酶稳定性好,应用范围广,作用效果好。
发明内容
针对上述不足,本发明的目的是提供一种稳定性好,同时能提高植物吸收、代谢和耐受甲醛能力的短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因faldh序列及分离克隆该基因的引物序列,用该基因转化植物,使之提高对甲醛的吸收、代谢和耐受能力,克服植物本身甲醛代谢关键酶表达水平较低,吸收代谢甲醛能力低的缺点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明从耐热甲基营养短芽孢杆菌(BreviBacillus brevis,1.931)中克隆甲醛脱氢酶基因faldh,其编码区由1134个碱基组成,具有序列表SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列。本发明的faldh基因编码FALDH蛋白,它由377个氨基酸残基组成,具有序列表SEQ ID NO.2所示的氨基酸序列。本发明的基因faldh在植物中表达的FALDH蛋白可以提高其对甲醛的吸收、代谢和耐受性。
本发明提供的上述基因序列是一种能氧化甲醛的新的甲醛脱氢酶基因,用该基因转化植物,提高其甲醛吸收和代谢能力,并克服它们自身对甲醛耐受力低的缺点。
本发明另一目的是提供甲醛脱氢酶基因的植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh,所述
载体含有甲醛脱氢酶faldh基因及卡那霉素筛选标记基因K2和组成型启动子35S。
本发明另一目的是将甲醛脱氢酶基因的植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh应用在制备吸收和耐受甲醛能力强的转基因植物中。
本发明更详细的技术方案由下述描述揭示:
1、在短芽孢杆菌1.931菌株中进行faldh基因的克隆
本发明所提供的甲醛脱氢酶基因来源于耐热甲基营养菌短芽孢杆菌,首先对相近微生物种(包括Escherichia coli K-12, Paracoccus denitrificans, Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida, Pichia pastoris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1)甲醛脱氢酶氨基酸序列比对找到氨基酸保守序列,根据该保守序列设计简并引物扩增得到甲醛脱氢酶基因的部分核苷酸序列,然后将得到的部分核苷酸序列在GenBank中比对,根据同源性最高物种的核苷酸序列设计特异引物扩增得到全长基因的方法克隆得到,具体克隆方法如下:
(1)从GenBank中查找相近物种甲醛脱氢酶基因的氨基酸序列,根据氨基酸保守序列设计序列如下的一对简并引物:
fld 3: GGNCAYGARCCNATGGGNATNGTNGARGA
fld 4: TCCATNCCNACRCARTCNATNACNACRTC
以短芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板扩增,得到faldh基因的部分片段fld;
(2)回收并纯化faldh基因的部分片段fld,并将其连接到pMD-18T载体上,采用碱裂解法提取质粒DNA,通过PCR检测和酶切检测获得重组质粒pMD-fld,将正确的重组质粒送测序公司测序;
(3)将faldh基因的部分序列fld在NCBI上进行比对,根据同源性最高的短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)的甲醛脱氢酶基因序列设计序列如下的一对特异性引物:
fld 7:GTGAGAGCTGTTACGTACCA
fld 8:TTATGGCTTTAAAATGACC
以短芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板扩增,得到faldh基因的全长片段;
(4)回收并纯化faldh全长基因片段,并将其连接到pMD-18T载体上,采用碱裂解法提取质粒DNA,通过PCR检测和酶切检测获得重组质粒pMD18-T-faldh。测定重组质粒pMD18-T-faldh所含的faldh序列,得到全长faldh基因核苷酸序列,并推测出该基因编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列。利用DNAMAN软件分析该基因全长1134bp,编码377个氨基酸的蛋白质。
2、植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh的构建
(1)构建入门载体pENTR-2B-faldh,用BamHⅠ和 XhoⅠ酶切pMD18-T-faldh和pENTR2B(Invitrogen),得到目的基因片段faldh和载体片段pENTR-2B,回收后进行连接、转化感受态细胞,通过酶切检测获得重组质粒pENTR-2B-faldh;
(2)构建植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh,通过Gateway技术的LR反应把faldh基因亚克隆到植物表达载体pK2GW7中,通过酶切检测获得faldh基因的植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh。
本发明的植物表达载体对那些能实施转基因操作的植物都适用,如烟草、拟南芥、矮牵牛、非洲菊等。在本发明的实施例中以烟草为例说明该表达载体的应用。
3、faldh基因转化植物及转基因植物的检测
将构建好的植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh转入农杆菌(C58Cl(pPMP90))中,通过农杆菌介导转化植物,筛选卡那霉素抗性植株。通过基因组PCR扩增检测faldh是否插入植物基因组,通过RT-PCR分析检测faldh基因在转基因植物中的转录水平。选取转基因株系叶片提取总蛋白,然后进行Western Blot分析检测FALDH的表达水平。检测结果转基因株系中有 faldh基因编码的FALDH条带,而野生型植物中没有该条带,说明FALDH已在转基因植物中成功表达。
4、转基因植物的FALDH酶活性测定
从植物叶片中抽提可溶性蛋白,用Bradford方法测定植物上清中的蛋白质浓度,通过测定FALDH酶活性,结果表明转基因植物酶活性比野生型植物提高约3~5倍左右。
5、转基因植物吸收甲醛的能力
取植物材料放入小三角瓶中,加入70ml甲醛处理液处理一定时间。测定处理液残存甲醛浓度。实验结果表明,转基因植物吸收液体中甲醛的速率优于野生型。
6、转基因植物代谢液体和气体甲醛的能力
将转faldh基因植物和野生型植物无菌苗置于H13CHO处理液中,处理一定时间后,用无菌吸水纸吸干叶片表面残留水分,液氮速冻植物材料并研磨成粉,转移至离心管中离心获得上清,转移至核磁管中作13C-NMR分析。实验结果说明通过转基因表达的FALDH有氧化甲醛的能力,且稳定性好,能一直在植物中发挥作用。
将H13CHO吸到一个小棉花团上,置入植物培养瓶中,通过棉花团上挥发出来的气体甲醛处理转基因植物和野生型植物,液氮速冻植物材料并研磨成粉,转移至离心管中离心获得上清,转移上清至核磁管13C-NMR分析。实验结果表明FALDH在转基因植物中的过量表达使其吸收和代谢气体甲醛的能力大大提高。
7、转基因植物对甲醛的抗性
称量选取长势良好,大小一致的植物组培苗分别转移至含有不同浓度HCHO的MS基本培养基上培养一段时间后,观察植物表型变化。结果说明FALDH的过量表达提高植物对于固体培养基中液体甲醛的抗性。
上述实验数据证明:含有甲醛脱氢酶faldh基因的转基因植物吸收液体甲醛的速率优于野生型;通过转基因植物表达的FALDH蛋白有氧化甲醛的能力,且稳定性好,能一直在植物中发挥作用;FALDH蛋白在转基因植物中的过量表达使其代谢气体甲醛的能力大大提高;对甲醛的抗性增强,与野生型相比,在含有甲醛的培养上生长时转基因株系的生长受甲醛的影响较小。
附图说明
图1是本发明faldh全长基因的克隆策略图。
图2是本发明faldh基因部分DNA片段TA克隆pMD-fld的电泳检测图。
A: B.brevis基因组;B:PCR扩增faldh基因部分DNA片段fld,M: Marker III;1-4:PCR扩增产物;C:质粒pMD18-T-faldh电泳检测,stop1:对照质粒;fld1- fld6:pMD-fld质粒;D:重组质粒pMD18-T-fld的PCR检测,M:MarkerIII;1-3和6-9是:以pMD18-T-fld为模板扩增的PCR产物;4-5:负对照;E:重组质粒pMD18-T-fld双酶切检测,M: Marker III;1-3为SacI和EcoRI双酶切pMD18-T- fld产物。
图3是本发明全长基因TA克隆pMD18-T-faldh的检测。
A:B. brevis基因组;M: Marker III;B. brevis基因组;B:PCR扩增faldh基因全长片段,1-5是PCR扩增产物;M: Marker III;C:质粒pMD18-T-faldh电泳检测,1-9:pMD18-T-faldh质粒;对照:对照质粒; D:重组质粒pMD18-T-faldh 的单双酶切检测,M: Marker III;单为EcoRI单酶切,双为Hind III和EcoR I双酶切;E:重组质粒pMD18 -T-faldh 的PCR检测,1-2:扩增产物;M: Marker III。
图4 是本发明入门载体pENTR-2B-faldh的构建策略图。
图5 是本发明入门载体pENTR-2B-faldh的电泳检测图。
A:pENTR-2B-faldh质粒电泳检测, 1~4:pENTR-2B-faldh,5:对照质粒pENTR-2B-ccdB; B:BamHI和XhoI双酶切检测pENTR-2B-faldh;M:DNA Marker III;1-4:pENTR-2B-faldh酶切质粒。
图6是本发明用faldh植物表达载体的构建策略图。
图7是本发明faldh植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh的检测及其农杆菌转化子菌落的检测。其中A:电泳检测重组质粒pK2-35S-faldh,1:pK2GW7,2~4:pK2-35S-faldh 质粒样品。B:酶切检测重组质粒pK2-35S-faldh,1:原始质粒,2-4:pK2-35S-faldh酶切质粒样品,M:DNA Marker III。C: 菌落PCR检测pK2-35S-faldh的转化效果,N: 负对照( 模板为pK2GW7 ); M: Marker III;1~4:菌落PCR样品。
图8是本发明faldh在转基因烟草中的插入情况以及表达水平的检测。
A:转faldh烟草基因组PCR扩增,WT: 野生型烟草;1~9:转基因烟草株系;M: DNA Marker III;10:正对照(模板为pK2-35S-faldh质粒)。B:转faldh烟草RT-PCR扩增,M: Marker III;1-3:野生型烟草;4-6:转基因烟草株系;7:正对照(模板为pK2-35S-faldh质粒);WT: 野生型烟草;TT2,TT6,TT8:转基因烟草株系。C:转基因烟草Western Blot分析,CK:B.brevis自然菌株总蛋白,TT-2:即转faldh基因烟草2#株系,上样量分别为25ng和50ng,TT-6:即转faldh基因烟草6#株系,上样量为50ng,TT-8:即转faldh基因烟草8#株系,上样量为50ng, K:无样品(野生型WT-1飘溢蛋白),WT-1,WT-2:即野生型烟草株系对照,上样量为50ng。
图9是本发明FALDH在转基因烟草中的酶活性测定分析图,WT: 野生型烟草,TT2,TT6,TT8:转基因烟草株系。
图10是本发明转基因烟草吸收液体甲醛(2mM)速率的测定分析图,WT: 野生型烟草;TT2,TT6,TT8:转基因烟草株系。
图11是烟草代谢液体和气体H13CHO能力的检测图,A:液体H13CHO在烟草中的代谢分析。处理时间如谱右端所表示,CK:未处理烟草,Ref:甲酰胺,WT-2h:野生型烟草处理2h,TT-6-2h:转faldh基因烟草处理2h,WT-48h:野生型烟草处理48h,TT-6-48h:转faldh基因烟草处理48h;
B:气体H13CHO在烟草中的代谢分析。处理时间如谱右端所表示,CK:未处理烟草,Ref:马来酸,WT-2h:野生型烟草处理2h,TT-6-2h:转faldh基因烟草处理2h。
图12是本发明转faldh基因烟草在含甲醛培养基上的生长状况。
A:转基因烟草在2mM甲醛培养基上的生长状况,WT: 野生型烟草;TT-6: 转基因烟草;B:转基因烟草在4mM甲醛培养基上的生长状况;WT: 野生型烟草;TT-6: 转基因烟草。C:不同浓度HCHO对转基因烟草生物量的影响;WT: 野生型烟草;TT-6: 转基因烟草。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
具体实施方式
本实施例中采用的试剂主要分为分子生物学实验试剂、植物遗传转化所需的培养基以及转基因植物鉴定和检测所需的各种试剂。各种限制性内切酶、Taq DNA聚合酶、反转录酶、RNA酶抑制剂、dNTP等为宝生物工程有限公司(大连)产品,质粒提取试剂盒购自博大泰克生物技术有限公司,TRIzoL Reagent RNA提取试剂盒、Gateway LR clonase Enzyme Mix kit购自invitrogen公司。其余试剂均为国产分析纯。仪器均为分子生物学以及基因工程实验室常用仪器。
所有引物序列均在大连宝生物公司合成。本发明实施例中所用方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。
实施例1:faldh基因的克隆
faldh基因的克隆策略如图1所示。从GenBank中查找相近微生物种(包括Escherichia coli K-12, Paracoccus denitrificans, Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida, Pichia pastoris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1)甲醛脱氢酶基因的氨基酸序列,根据氨基酸保守序列设计一对简并引物,序列如下:
fld 3: GGNCAYGARCCNATGGGNATNGTNGARGA
fld 4: TCCATNCCNACRCARTCNATNACNACRTC
用下述方法提取基因组DNA:挑取生长良好的单菌落接种于LB液体培养基中于30℃震荡培养过夜;按1%接种量转接到100ml新鲜LB液体培养基中,于37℃震荡培养4h(OD600=2.0),6000rpm/min离心收集菌体;加入1/10菌液体积的SI溶液(0.3M Sucrose,25 uM Tris-HCL(pH8.0)25mM EDTA),混匀,37℃放置1~2h;加入9/10菌液体积的SII溶液(0.1M NaCl , 0.1%(W/V)SDS, 0.1M Tris-HCl),轻轻混匀;反复冻融裂解使溶液透明,加入等体积的Tris-饱和酚,抽提2次,取上清液;用等体积的氯仿/异戊醇(24:1)抽提一次;用1/10体积3M NaAC,2倍体积无水乙醇沉淀DNA;12000rpm,离心5min,用70%乙醇洗涤沉淀,干燥备用;用适量含有RNaseA的水溶解,37℃放置1h;电泳检测(图2A),-20℃保存备用。以基因组DNA为模板,用fld 3和 fld 4为引物进行PCR,扩增得到faldh基因的部分片段(约600bp,简称fld)(图2B);回收并纯化faldh基因的部分片段fld,并将其连接到pMD-18T(大连宝生物公司)载体上,转化大肠杆菌感受态DH5α(天根生化科技),采用碱裂解法提取质粒DNA(图2C),经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,选取大小和理论值相符的重组质粒做进一步的PCR检测和双酶切检测。以重组质粒为模板,用引物fld 3和 fld 4扩增到0.6kb的PCR产物(图2D)。根据阳性重组质粒pMD-fld载体两端的多克隆位点,用SacI和EcoRI双酶切重组质粒,经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测酶切产物,连接成功的重组质粒pMD-fld酶切产物为2.7kb和0.6kb左右的条带(图2E),将正确的重组质粒送测序公司测序;将fld序列在NCBI上进行比对,根据同源性最高的短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)的甲醛脱氢酶基因序列设计序列如下的一对特异性引物:
fld 7:GTGAGAGCTGTTACGTACCA
fld 8:TTATGGCTTTAAAATGACC
以短芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板PCR,扩增得到faldh基因的全长片段约1.2kb(图3B);回收并纯化faldh全长基因片段,并将其连接到pMD-18T载体上(大连宝生物公司),转化大肠杆菌感受态DH5α(天根生化科技),采用碱裂解法提取质粒DNA(图3C),经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,选取大小和理论值相符的重组质粒做进一步的PCR检测和双酶切检测。根据阳性重组质粒pMD18-T-faldh载体两端的多克隆位点,用EcoRI单酶切和HindIII和EcoRI双酶切重组质粒,经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测酶切产物,连接成功的重组质粒pMD18-T-faldh单酶切产物理论上为3.9kb,双酶切产物为2.7kb和1.2kb左右的条带(图3D)。以重组质粒为模板,用引物fld 7和 fld 8扩增到1.2kb的PCR产物(图3E)。测定重组质粒pMD18-T-faldh所含faldh基因序列,得到全长faldh基因核苷酸序列,推测出该基因编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列,见SEQ ID NO 1。通过分析该基因编码的蛋白质,得知该基因的编码区是3-1128bp,由377个氨基酸组成。
实施例2:构建入门载体pENTR-2B-faldh
入门载体pENTR-2B-faldh的构建如图4所示。用BamHI和XhoI 双酶切pMD18-T-faldh和pENTR-2B*,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离已切开的载体和插入片段,分别回收pMD18-T-faldh被切割后产生的faldh基因片段(1.2kb)和通路克隆(Gateway)的入门载体pENTR-2B*被切割后产生的载体片段pENTRT-2B*,然后用宝生物(TaKaRa)的连接酶试剂盒连接pENTRT-2B*和faldh基因的DNA片断产生入门载体pENTR-2B-faldh(图4)。用连接反应混合物转化高效率(108)的大肠杆菌感受态细胞(DH5α,购自天根生化科技公司),把转化好的大肠杆菌涂于加有卡那霉素(Km,50μg/ml)的平板上,于37 oC过夜培养,筛选Km抗性重组子菌落,从Km抗性重组子菌落中提取质粒,选出连接成功的质粒载体pENTR-2B-faldh,进行电泳检测,其大小为4.0 kb,已有质粒pENTR-2B*作为对照(图5A)。用BamHI(TaKaRa)和XhoI(TaKaRa)双酶切检测,连接成功的质粒在琼脂糖凝胶电泳图上只产生两条带,分别为2.7 kb和1.2 kb (图5B)。确认是连接成功的质粒后,重新转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑单个菌落进行液体培养,用试剂盒纯化质粒pENTR-2B-faldh。
实施例3:植物表达载体pK
2
-35S-faldh的构建
植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh的构建策略如图6所示。通过Gateway技术的LR反应把faldh亚克隆到植物表达载体pK2GW7(Gateway的目的载体,比利时VIB/Gent公司)中。具体的做法是:用质粒抽提试剂盒纯化Gateway的目的载体pK2GW7,在Gateway的LR反应体系中加pENTR-2B-faldh和pK2GW7各150ng,1μl LR Clonase II Enzyme Mix (Invitrogen),混均于25 oC反应过夜,通过整合酶的作用把faldh整合到pK2GW7中获得faldh的植物表达载体质粒pK2-35S-faldh,其构建流程见附图9。用反应混合物转化高效率(108)的大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH5α (购自天根生化科技公司),把转化好的大肠杆菌涂于加有壮观霉素(Spe,50μg/ml)的平板上,于37 oC过夜培养,筛选Spe抗性重组子菌落。从Spe抗性重组子菌落中提取质粒,选出大小和对照质粒pK2GW7相似的整合成功的质粒pK2-35S-faldh(图7A)。然后用酶切验证重组质粒的正确性,用BamHI和XhoI 双酶切检测pK2-35S-faldh,酶切产物为1.2kb的条带(目的基因大小)和11.1 kb条带(pK2GW7载体大小)(图7B)。确认是整合成功的质粒后,重新转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑单个菌落进行液体培养,用试剂盒纯化质粒。pK2GW7携带的筛选标记基因为卡那霉素抗性基因(Kmr),这样可用加有卡那霉素的平板筛选转基因植物。
实施例4:用含faldh基因的植物表达载体转化农杆菌
制备农杆菌的感受态细胞,用电脉冲法将上述构建好的植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh转入农杆菌(C58Cl(pPMP90))中,在加有壮观霉素的平板上筛选转化子。取少量质粒加入农杆菌感受态细胞中,轻轻混匀;将混合物加入到预冷的电转化杯中,轻轻敲击杯身使混和液落至杯底;将电转化杯置于电转化仪(BIO-RAD)滑槽中,用1mm的电击杯和200欧姆,2.5kV/0.2cm的参数进行电击,电击后立即取出电转化杯,迅速加入0.5mlSOC培养基,混匀,转移到1.5ml的离心管中;28℃,200rpm摇床培养3-5h;室温下,7500rpm离心1min,弃大部分上清,保留100μl将细胞悬浮;把农杆菌涂布于有壮观霉素(Spe,50μg/ml)的LB固体培养基上,28℃培养2天获得单菌落;首先用牙签挑取农杆菌菌落放入20μl ddH2O中,98℃处理5分钟后取出10μl农杆菌裂解液作为PCR反应的模板。PCR检测pK2-35S-faldh转化结果,上下游引物分别为fld 7和fld 8,正对照扩增体系模板使用pENTR-2B-faldh质粒,负对照模板使用pK2GW7质粒,扩增片断理论长度为1.2 kb,PCR产物经电泳分析显示其片段大小与理论预测值相符,表明质粒已转入农杆菌(图7C)
实施例5:用含有faldh基因植物表达载体的农杆菌转化烟草
挑取携带有质粒pK2-35S-faldh的农杆菌单菌落接种于50ml的LB培养基中(含Spe,100μg/ml),180rpm,28℃培养24h,待菌液OD600至1.0左右,离心10min(3000rpm),沉淀菌体。再用10ml左右的MS液体培养基悬浮,离心10min(3000rpm),沉淀菌体。重复以上操作2~3次。最后加入一定体积的MS液体培养基重悬浮,使菌体的OD600值为0.5。制备烟草(Nicotiana tabacum cv.Xanth)的无菌苗,通过农杆菌介导,用叶盘法转化烟草,然后通过组织培养获得小苗,进一步筛选获得所需的转基因植物。把无菌烟草的叶片切成小片叶盘,在制备好的农杆菌菌液中浸染15-20min,用无菌吸水纸吸干后,平铺于愈伤组织诱导培养基MS1(MS+NAA02.1μg/ml+BAP 0.02μg/ml)上黑暗共培养2天,将外植体转移至含潮霉素(25μg/ml)的芽诱导培养基MS4(MS+NAA0.53μg/ml+BAP0.5μg/ml)上进行芽的诱导,约15天继代一次。待有芽生成后,转入卡那霉素(50ug/ml)的MS培养基上进行根的诱导。
实施例6:faldh基因在转基因烟草中的插入情况及表达水平的检测
为了确认通过卡那霉素筛选的转基因烟草株系确实含有导入的目的基因的DNA片段,用PCR方法对筛选到的转基因烟草作进一步的鉴定。首先采用CTAB法提取植物基因组:称取植物叶片100mg左右置于1.5ml离心管中,加液氮用特制研棒研磨至粉末状;加入900μl预热到65℃的2×CTAB缓冲液(Tris-HCl pH 7.5 100 mM,EDTA 20 mM,NaCl 1.4 M,CTAB 2%),65℃度水浴加热20分钟后取出冷却;加入500μl氯仿-异戊醇混合液(24:1)摇匀,4℃离心10min(7500rpm)后转移上清至1.5ml EP管;再次加入500μl氯仿-异戊醇混合液(24:1)摇匀,4℃离心10min(7500rpm);取出上清置于新的EP管中,加入1/10体积3M pH5.2 醋酸钠和等体积异丙醇,摇匀后4℃离心20min(12000rpm);弃上清,用75%乙醇清洗两次后,干燥,用含RNase 的TE缓冲液溶解并降解RNA,获得的基因组DNA样品。以转faldh烟草抗性苗基因组作为模板,上下游引物分别为fld 7和fld 8进行PCR扩增检测faldh是否插入烟草基因组。扩增产物大小为1.2 kb左右,和预期推测一致,说明目的基因均已插入这些转基因株系的基因组,野生型烟草基因组PCR产物未出现目标条带(图8A)。
为了考察目的基因在转基因烟草株系中的转录情况,从转基因植物中抽取总RNA,反转录成cDNA后用于RT-PCR分析,检测faldh基因在转基因植物中的转录水平。采用TRIzoL Reagent(Invitrogen)提取RNA,取植物嫩叶约0.1g,加入1ml的TRIzoL提取液在研钵中研磨,室温静置5min后移入离心管,再加入0.2ml氯仿,振荡混匀,离心15min(12000rpm),转移上清液至新管,加入0.5ml异丙醇,混匀室温放置10min,4℃离心10min(12000rpm),弃上清,沉淀用75%乙醇1ml清洗,4℃离心5min(7500rpm),弃乙醇真空干燥沉淀或自然晾干,用20μl焦碳酸二乙酯(DEPC)处理水溶解RNA。所获得的RNA样品用凝胶电泳检测质量和浓度。使用Reverse Transcriptase进行cDNA的合成,取植物总RNA约0.1μg-5μg,oligo(dT) 50ng,10mM dNTP mix 1μl,用DEPC处理水补足至10μl,混匀后,短暂离心将之收集于管底,置于65℃加热5min,冰浴10min,加入反应混合物9μl(5×reaction buffer 4μl,25mM MgCl2 4μl,0.1M DTT 2μl, RNA酶抑制剂1μl),将上述混合物混匀,短暂离心将之收集于管底,25℃保温2min,加入1μl M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase,将上述混合物混匀,短暂离心将之收集于管底,25℃保温20min,然后42℃保温70min,合成cDNA。以cDNA为模板,用faldh基因的上下游引物进行RT-PCR分析,考察转基因烟草中是否有目的基因的转录物,结果证明转基因烟草植株均有目的基因的转录物,而野生型的烟草则没有(图8B)。
选取野生型和转基因株系叶片提取总蛋白,然后进行Western Blot分析检测FALDH的表达水平。蛋白样品上样量为50μg,一抗为耐热甲基营养菌B.brevis中FALDH的鼠抗体,二抗为过氧化酶标记的羊抗鼠IgG(KPL,USA)。结果(图8C)说明转基因株系TT2,TT6,TT8中有 faldh基因编码的FALDH条带,而野生型烟草中没有该条带,说明FALDH已在转基因烟草中成功表达。
实施例7:转基因烟草甲醛脱氢酶(FALDH)的酶活性分析
从烟草叶片中抽提可溶性蛋白,取0.2g烟草叶片,加1 ml蛋白抽提液(100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5);10% (V/V)甘油;10 mM 巯基乙醇;1 mM PMSF;5% (W/V) PVP)研磨,转移至EP管中,13000 rpm离心25 min (4 ℃)。将上清移到新的EP管中,用Bradford方法测定植物上清中的蛋白质浓度。
FALDH酶活性在25℃通过检测NADH的产生量确定(Koivusalo 等,FEBS Lett, 1989, 257:105-109)。反应体系(800μl)为:0.1M sodium phosphate(pH8.0),1mM HCHO,1mM glutathione,2.4mM NAD,蛋白样品。一个活力单位对应每分钟生成1μmol NADH的酶量。
转faldh烟草株系在25℃持续光照培养15天后,检测FALDH酶活性(图9)。转基因烟草酶活性比野生型烟草提高约3~5倍左右,这表明faldh已在烟草中过量表达具有活性的FALDH。
实施例8:转基因烟草吸收液体甲醛速率测定
甲醛可与Nash试剂(醋酸氨:15%,冰醋酸:0.3%,乙酰丙酮:0.2%)发生化学反应产生有颜色的物质,该物质的最大吸收波长为410nm,因此可以制备标准曲线,根据HCHO-Nash标准曲线即可计算出反应液中甲醛的含量,利用该方法可以测定植物对甲醛的吸收速率。取2 g左右植物材料放入小三角瓶中,加入70ml处理液(HCHO 2mM, KHCO3 5mM, MES 0.1%),100rpm摇床震荡培养,25℃持续光照,处理一定时间。取出20~100μl处理液,加水至1 ml,再加入1 ml Nash试剂在30℃保温30分钟后,测定OD410,再根据标准曲线计算出处理液残存甲醛浓度(图10)。结果表明,3个转基因烟草株系在2 mM甲醛溶液中处理48小时后残余甲醛的比率为60%左右,而野生型剩余甲醛的比率为90%左右,这说明转基因烟草吸收液体中甲醛的速率优于野生型。
实施例9:转基因烟草代谢液体和气体甲醛能力分析
将转faldh基因烟草和野生型烟草无菌苗(2g)置于70ml的H13CHO处理液(H13CHO 2mM, KHCO3 5mM, MES 0.1%)中,25℃持续光照振荡培养,另外需未处理样品作为对照;处理时间结束后,将植物材料迅速转移到4℃预冷的无菌水中清洗植物材料表面残留的游离H13CHO,至少3~4次。无菌吸水纸吸干叶片表面残留水分,液氮速冻,研磨;转移液体至EP管中,室温离心(12000rpm)20min;转移上清至新5mm核磁管,用封在毛细管中的甲酰胺作为内参作13C-NMR分析(图11A)。对处理时间不同的样品和未经任何处理样品的H13CHO代谢谱进行比较,结果说明用H13CHO处理2h后,转基因植物出现一个H13COOH信号峰,长达48h后转基因植物中出现较强的H13COOH信号峰,在未转基因的野生型植物中在H13CHO处理2h后有一个很弱的H13COOH信号峰,但在48h后未检测到H13COOH信号峰,说明通过转基因表达的FALDH有氧化甲醛的能力,且稳定性好,能一直在植物中发挥作用。
将20μl H13CHO吸到一个小棉花团上,置入植物培养瓶中,通过棉花团上挥发出来的气体甲醛处理转基因植物和野生型植物2h后,用液氮速冻,研磨;转移液体至EP管中,室温离心(12000rpm)20min;转移上清至5mm核磁管,用封在毛细管中的甲酰胺作为外参作13C-NMR分析(图11B)。结果表明转基因烟草吸收的甲醛是野生型烟草的3.58倍。转基因烟草中甲酸的生成量是野生型烟草的1.5倍,柠檬酸的生成量是野生型烟草的21倍,苹果酸的生成量是野生型烟草的3.6倍,半胱氨酸的生成量是野生型烟草的1.89倍,只有甘氨酸的生成量略有减少(为野生型烟草的57.1%),转基因烟草生成13C代谢产物的总量是野生型的2倍,这些数据说明FALDH在转基因烟草中的过量表达使其代谢气体甲醛的能力大大提高。
实施例10:转基因烟草对于培养基中甲醛的抗性分析
称量选取长势良好,大小一致(约1.2g左右)的烟草组培苗分别转移至含有2 mM和4 mM HCHO的MS基本培养基上,25℃,光周期为16h光照/8h黑暗的温室条件下培养10 d,观察烟草表型变化。结果说明在2 mM HCHO的MS基本培养基上两种烟草的生长没有明显差别(图12A),但在含有4 mM HCHO的MS基本培养基上转faldh基因烟草长势明显要好于野生型烟草(图12B)。这表明FALDH非常有助于提高烟草对于固体培养基中液体甲醛的抗性,与野生型相比,转基因株系的生长受甲醛的影响很小。在含有相同浓度HCHO的固体培养基中生长时,转基因烟草(TT-6)的生物量比野生型植物高(图12C)。
序列表
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 昆明理工大学
<120> 短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因及其植物表达载体与应用
<160> 6
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
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atgggagctg ttacgtacca agggaaaaat agcattgcag tgaagaaagt agatgcaccg 60
tcgattcaag atcgggaaga tgtgatcata cgtattacat caacagcaat ttgtggatca 120
gatttacatt tgtatcaggg gaatttcccg cttccaatcg gctatgtgat tgggcatgaa 180
ccaatgggga ttgtggagga agttggcccg gatgtcacag ccgtaaaaaa gggagaccgt 240
gtcgtcattc catttacagt tgcatgtggt aaatgccaat attgcgatca tcacttagaa 300
agccaatgtg acaactcaaa cccgcactac gattcgggtg gactttttgg ctatagtgag 360
aaatatggga attaccccgg aggacaggca gagtatttac gcgtaccttt tggcaactat 420
accccgttta agatcccaga tgattgcgag ctggaggatg aacaattgct cttcttatca 480
gatgtcctgc caaccgccta ttggagtgta gagcacgcag gtgtgaaaaa aggcgatacg 540
gtcatcgtgc taggctgcgg acctgttggg ttaatggcgc agcaatttgc ttggcaaaaa 600
ggggcagaac gtgtgattgc cgtcgattac attgattacc gcctgcggca tgcaaaacgg 660
atgaacggcg tggaagtctt tgattttaca gaagatcccg acatgggaga aacgttaaag 720
gagctcacca agggcggagc cgatgttgtg attgattgtg tgggaatgga cggaaagaag 780
tcgccgcttg aaaaaattga gcaaaagctc aagttgcaag gcggaacgat cggacccatt 840
caaattgcca caaaagccgt tcgcaaacgt ggaacagtgc agatgacggg tgtgtacggc 900
ggcctgtaca acatgtttcc attaggcgct tttttcgcaa gaaacgtcac cctgaaaatg 960
ggccaagccc cggcgagagg atacatgtca aagctctatc aaaaagtgac aagcggtgaa 1020
attgatccta gagcgattat tactcacaaa ttgccattag atgaagctgc tcatgcgtac 1080
cacatcttca atgacaaaca ggatgattgt ataaaggtca ttttaaagcc ataa 1134
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<213> BreviBacillus brevis
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Met Gly Ala Val Thr Tyr Gln Gly Lys Asn Ser Ile Ala Val Lys Lys
1 5 10 15
Val Asp Ala Pro Ser Ile Gln Asp Arg Glu Asp Val Ile Ile Arg Ile
20 25 30
Thr Ser Thr Ala Ile Cys Gly Ser Asp Leu His Leu Tyr Gln Gly Asn
35 40 45
Phe Pro Leu Pro Ile Gly Tyr Val Ile Gly His Glu Pro Met Gly Ile
50 55 60
Val Glu Glu Val Gly Pro Asp Val Thr Ala Val Lys Lys Gly Asp Arg
65 70 75 80
Val Val Ile Pro Phe Thr Val Ala Cys Gly Lys Cys Gln Tyr Cys Asp
85 90 95
His His Leu Glu Ser Gln Cys Asp Asn Ser Asn Pro His Tyr Asp Ser
100 105 110
Gly Gly Leu Phe Gly Tyr Ser Glu Lys Tyr Gly Asn Tyr Pro Gly Gly
115 120 125
Gln Ala Glu Tyr Leu Arg Val Pro Phe Gly Asn Tyr Thr Pro Phe Lys
130 135 140
Ile Pro Asp Asp Cys Glu Leu Glu Asp Glu Gln Leu Leu Phe Leu Ser
145 150 155 160
Asp Val Leu Pro Thr Ala Tyr Trp Ser Val Glu His Ala Gly Val Lys
165 170 175
Lys Gly Asp Thr Val Ile Val Leu Gly Cys Gly Pro Val Gly Leu Met
180 185 190
Ala Gln Gln Phe Ala Trp Gln Lys Gly Ala Glu Arg Val Ile Ala Val
195 200 205
Asp Tyr Ile Asp Tyr Arg Leu Arg His Ala Lys Arg Met Asn Gly Val
210 215 220
Glu Val Phe Asp Phe Thr Glu Asp Pro Asp Met Gly Glu Thr Leu Lys
225 230 235 240
Glu Leu Thr Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Val Val Ile Asp Cys Val Gly Met
245 250 255
Asp Gly Lys Lys Ser Pro Leu Glu Lys Ile Glu Gln Lys Leu Lys Leu
260 265 270
Gln Gly Gly Thr Ile Gly Pro Ile Gln Ile Ala Thr Lys Ala Val Arg
275 280 285
Lys Arg Gly Thr Val Gln Met Thr Gly Val Tyr Gly Gly Leu Tyr Asn
290 295 300
Met Phe Pro Leu Gly Ala Phe Phe Ala Arg Asn Val Thr Leu Lys Met
305 310 315 320
Gly Gln Ala Pro Ala Arg Gly Tyr Met Ser Lys Leu Tyr Gln Lys Val
325 330 335
Thr Ser Gly Glu Ile Asp Pro Arg Ala Ile Ile Thr His Lys Leu Pro
340 345 350
Leu Asp Glu Ala Ala His Ala Tyr His Ile Phe Asn Asp Lys Gln Asp
355 360 365
Asp Cys Ile Lys Val Ile Leu Lys Pro
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ggncaygarc cnatgggnat ngtngarga 29
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tccatnccna crcartcnat nacnacrtc 29
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
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gtgagagctg ttacgtacca 20
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<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
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ttatggcttt aaaatgacc 19
Claims (4)
1.短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因,其特征在于甲醛脱氢酶基因具有如SEQ ID NO.1所示核苷酸序列或编码如SEQ ID NO.2所示氨基酸序列的蛋白质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甲醛脱氢酶基因,其特征在于基因来源于短芽孢杆菌。
3.权利要求1所述甲醛脱氢酶基因的植物表达载体pK2-35S-faldh,所述载体含有甲醛脱氢酶faldh基因及卡那霉素筛选标记基因K2和组成型启动子35S。
4.权利要求3的所述的植物表达载体在制备吸收和耐受甲醛能力强的转基因植物中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201110306496.1A CN102337280B (zh) | 2011-10-11 | 2011-10-11 | 短芽孢杆菌甲醛脱氢酶基因及其植物表达载体与应用 |
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CN104109679A (zh) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-10-22 | 哈尔滨师范大学 | 一种甲醛脱氢酶基因CcFALDH及应用 |
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CN115927453A (zh) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-04-07 | 昆明理工大学 | 苹果酸脱氢酶基因在提高植物甲醛吸收代谢能力中的应用 |
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CN102676464A (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-09-19 | 南开大学 | 嗜热长链烷醛醛脱氢酶及其晶体结构 |
CN102676464B (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2014-03-05 | 南开大学 | 嗜热长链烷醛醛脱氢酶及其晶体结构 |
CN104109679A (zh) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-10-22 | 哈尔滨师范大学 | 一种甲醛脱氢酶基因CcFALDH及应用 |
CN104531758A (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-22 | 重庆医药高等专科学校 | 一种吸收甲醛的青蒿培育方法 |
CN104531758B (zh) * | 2014-12-12 | 2018-01-12 | 重庆医药高等专科学校 | 一种吸收甲醛的青蒿培育方法 |
CN111565733A (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2020-08-21 | Z生命科学公司 | 用于益生微生物的基因表达系统 |
US11696932B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2023-07-11 | ZBiotics Company | Gene expression system for probiotic microorganisms |
US11975033B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2024-05-07 | ZBiotics Company | Gene expression system for probiotic microorganisms |
CN115927453A (zh) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-04-07 | 昆明理工大学 | 苹果酸脱氢酶基因在提高植物甲醛吸收代谢能力中的应用 |
CN115927453B (zh) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-11-24 | 昆明理工大学 | 苹果酸脱氢酶基因在提高植物甲醛吸收代谢能力中的应用 |
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