CN102322853B - Tunnel over-under excavation control laser stakeout device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel back break control laser lofting device, which comprises an outer ring support frame (4) made to present a corresponding shaped through being slightly reduced according to the outline line of a tunnel, wherein a plurality of laser emitters (8) are arranged on the upper edge of the outer ring support frame (4) in the circumference direction, laser beams (11) emitted by the laser emitters (8) can be projected on the digging surface for indicating the side hole position, the laser emitters (8) are electrically connected with a power supply box (12), and a plumb line (17) and a point measuring mark (18) are arranged on the outer ring support frame (4). The tunnel back break control laser lofting device has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple, the positioning of the device per se is fast, the blast hole lofting synchronous marking is realized, the digging precision is controlled, the back break phenomenon is reduced, and the engineering manufacture cost is saved. The tunnel back break control laser lofting device can adapt to the digging construction control task of various kinds of underground building engineering including curve tunnels and slope tunnels.

Description

Tunnel over-under excavation control laser stakeout device

technical field

The invention relates to a laser stakeout device for excavation of underground construction projects, in particular to a laser stakeout device for section contours and blast hole positioning when tunnels and other underground buildings are excavated by drilling and blasting.

Background technique

At present, when various underground construction projects such as tunnels and culverts are constructed by the drilling and blasting method, the method of manually measuring the center line and steel ruler to locate the blast hole is often used for positioning and setting out of the excavation face, which is time-consuming and laborious, with low work efficiency and poor positioning and setting-out accuracy. It is easy to cause over-excavation or under-excavation, which will have a great impact on construction quality, project progress and cost.

Recently, there have been some techniques for setting out tunnel sections by emitting laser beams, such as the laser tunnel section setting out instrument disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN1262378A, which uses a computer-controlled stepping motor to move the objective lens to change the laser beam output direction of the fixed laser in the instrument. Carry out scanning to realize the function of laser point projection to indicate the cross-section contour and locate the contour line and multiple blasthole points on the excavation cross-section. And the tunnel wireless laser stakeout device disclosed in Chinese Invention Patent Publication No. CN101067375B measures and calculates the position of the system through a computer and a total station, and guides the laser beam to project to the contour line or blasthole position that needs to be positioned. This kind of technology and corresponding instruments have some disadvantages in practical application: the investment in the equipment is large, and it is a precision instrument, and the harsh construction environment in the tunnel is a test for the normal operation and service life of the equipment. In addition, because there is only one laser It is impossible to calibrate all the contour lines and blast hole positions at the same time. To ensure the smooth progress of the construction, the operator needs to mark in sequence according to the instructions of the laser beam, and then drill and blast according to the marks. This process needs to be completed on the trolley. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out the slag discharge at the same time. If you want to carry out the work synchronously to save the time of marking the position, there will be mutual interference and influence between the two tasks.

It is an economical and simple way to use the laser pointing instrument for stakeout construction. The laser placed on the top or side wall of the tunnel emits a laser beam coincident with or parallel to the tunnel centerline to determine the centerline position of the tunnel. This technology has the characteristics of low price, simple structure, visible light emission, and does not occupy tunnel traffic space to affect construction. It can indicate the direction and slope of tunnel excavation, and calibrate the position of tunnel centerline, but it can only indicate the centerline, and cannot locate the contour line and blast hole. It is difficult to deal with curved tunnels, and manual measurement and determination of each blast hole is required during use, which is a heavy workload and not accurate enough.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-point synchronous rapid positioning and stakeout in the construction of tunnels and other underground projects; self-positioning is simple and fast in the process of use, and the accuracy of blasthole positioning and stakeout is high without affecting tunnel construction and traffic. Laser stakeout device for tunnel over-under-excavation control.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the laser stakeout device for tunnel over-under excavation control provided by the present invention is characterized in that it includes an outer ring support 4 that is slightly reduced according to the tunnel contour and made into a corresponding shape. A plurality of laser emitters 8 are provided along its circumference, and the laser beam 11 emitted by the laser emitters 8 can be projected on the excavation surface to indicate the position of the side hole. The laser emitters 8 are electrically connected to the power supply box 12, The outer ring bracket 4 is provided with a plumb 17 and a measuring point mark 18 .

At least one end of the outer ring bracket 4 is seated on the supporting plate 16 through the connecting rod 14 and the lifting rod 15 .

The supporting plate 16 is equipped with screw rods and legs to adjust its angle with the ground plane.

The outer ring bracket 4 is composed of an outer ring panel 5, a front panel 6 and an inner ring panel 7. A hollow member is formed, and a plurality of launchers are arranged between the outer ring panel 5 and the inner ring panel 7 according to side holes. The laser emitter 8 is inserted into each emitter sleeve 9 or the draw-in groove, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter 8 is arranged on the front panel 6 The emission opening 10 at the corresponding position of the beam 11.

A crossbar 19 is arranged on the outer ring bracket 4 , and the measuring point mark 18 is arranged on the crossbar 19 .

The outer ring bracket 4 is connected with the trolley 20 as a whole.

The spacing of the laser emitters 8 on the outer ring bracket 4 is set according to the least common divisor spacing of different drilling and blasting schemes, and is controlled in groups by the switches 13 on the power box 12 .

The laser stakeout device for tunnel over-under excavation control adopts the above technical scheme. The outer ring support is slightly reduced according to the tunnel outline to make a corresponding arched steel frame. Multiple laser emitters are arranged in sequence on the outer ring support. The emitted laser beam It is projected onto the tunnel excavation surface, and at the same time, the position of the side hole to be calibrated is marked, and the construction personnel carry out the drilling operation accordingly. After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient positioning of the device itself, synchronous marking of blast hole lofting, simultaneous execution of slag discharge to reduce construction time, control of excavation precision, reduction of over-excavation and under-excavation phenomenon, and saving of engineering cost. Effect. The invention does not need to be connected with a computer, has low cost, and can realize multi-point synchronous rapid positioning and setting out in the construction of tunnels and other underground projects; self-positioning is simple and fast during use, and the accuracy of positioning and setting out of blastholes is high, and does not affect tunnel construction and traffic. It can be applied to straight and curved tunnels, as well as flat or sloped tunnels.

In summary, the present invention is a multi-point synchronous rapid positioning and stakeout in the construction of tunnels and other underground projects; self-positioning is simple and fast during use, and the accuracy of blasthole positioning and stakeout is high without affecting tunnel construction and traffic. Inexpensive tunnel over-under-excavation control laser stakeout device.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of blastholes on the excavation face of an arched tunnel.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of positioning and setting out of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the present invention.

In the figure: side hole 1, excavation contour line 2, internal blast hole 3, outer ring bracket 4, outer ring panel 5, front panel 6, inner ring panel 7, laser emitter 8, emitter sleeve 9, launcher Hole 10, laser beam 11, power box 12, switch 13, connecting rod 14, lifting rod 15, support plate 16, plumb 17, measuring point mark 18, cross bar 19, trolley 20.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings:

As shown in Figure 1, the key to controlling over-excavation and under-excavation in arched tunnels is to position the side holes accurately, and the position of internal blast holes based on the visual error has little influence on the excavation profile. Therefore, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the outer ring bracket 4 of the corresponding shape can be made by slightly reducing the tunnel contour line 2, and the outer ring bracket 4 is composed of an outer ring panel 5, a front panel 6 and an inner ring panel 7 to form a hollow member , a plurality of emitter sleeves 9 or card slots are arranged correspondingly to the side holes 1 in the inner circumferential direction, and a laser emitter 8 is inserted into each emitter sleeve 9 or card slot to facilitate replacement and maintenance. On the front panel 6 The position corresponding to the laser beam 11 emitted by the laser emitter 8 is provided with an emission opening 10. The front panel 6 can not only prevent the gravel from hitting the laser emitter 8 during blasting, but also enable the emitted laser beam 11 to be projected smoothly into the excavation. On the surface, the laser emitter 8 installed on the outer ring bracket 4 is connected to the power box 12 in parallel with a wire. When the switch 13 is turned on, the laser beam 11 generated by the laser emitter 8 is simultaneously projected on the side hole 1 on the excavation surface. , Multiple construction workers on the trolley 20 can drill holes simultaneously according to the marks.

Due to the uneven bottom surface of the tunnel under construction, in order to ensure the precise positioning of the lofting device itself, the two ends of the outer ring support 4 are located on the support plate 16 through the connecting rod 14 and the lifting rod 15, and the hydraulic pressure in the lifting rod 15 can be adjusted. To realize the height adjustment of the outer ring support 4, the support plate 16 is equipped with a screw and feet to adjust the angle between the support plate 16 and the ground plane, and the plumb 17 installed on the outer ring support 4 can intuitively reflect whether the lofting device is perpendicular to the ground or the angle between them The position of the stakeout device and the angle between it and the center line of the tunnel can be determined by measuring the measuring point mark 18.

Considering the movement of the lofting device, a cross bar 19 is set on the outer ring support 4, and the measuring point mark 18 is set on the cross bar 19, and the whole set-out device can be moved by holding the cross bar 19 with a forklift or other machinery. When moving, there should be a certain gap between the outer ring support 4 and the tunnel wall. Assuming that the diameter difference between the outer ring support 4 and the excavation contour line 2 is 0.3 meters, the laser beam forms a certain angle with the center line of the tunnel. The lofting accuracy of the device is related to two factors, one is the distance between the outer ring support 4 and the excavation surface, and the other is the angle error between the outer ring support 4 and the center line of the tunnel. The design distance between the outer ring support 4 and the excavation surface is 15 meters, and the transmitter sleeve 9 is adjusted according to this distance when making the setting-out device. The setting-out error of the device itself can be ignored. For convex and concave, the stakeout error is 0.01 meters. If the angle measurement accuracy of the stakeout device is 1 second, the stakeout error is about 3 mm.

The outer ring support 4 of the present invention can be integrated with the trolley 20, and the height of the outer ring support 4 can still be adjusted to shorten the distance from the excavation surface and improve the anti-dumping ability of the device.

When the internal blast hole 3 also needs to be staked out, a connecting rod and a laser emitter 8 can be added.

When the type of surrounding rock is different, the setting of the drilling spacing will be different. For this reason, the spacing of the laser emitters 8 on the outer ring support 4 can be set according to the minimum common denominator spacing of different drilling and blasting schemes, and controlled by switch 13 in groups to adapt to the drilling and blasting scheme. change.

Claims (7)

1. A laser stakeout device for over-under excavation control of tunnels is characterized in that: it includes an outer ring support (4) that is slightly reduced to make a corresponding shape according to the tunnel contour line, and on the upper edge of the outer ring support (4) Its circumference is provided with a plurality of laser emitters (8), and the laser beam (11) that described laser emitter (8) emits can be projected on the excavation surface and indicates the side hole position, and described laser emitter (8) and The power supply box (12) is electrically connected, and the described outer ring support (4) is provided with a plumb (17) and a measuring point mark (18). 2. The laser stakeout device for tunnel overbreak and underbreak control according to claim 1, characterized in that: at least one end of the outer ring bracket (4) is located in the on the support plate (16). 3. The laser stakeout device for tunnel overbreak and underbreak control according to claim 2, characterized in that: the support plate (16) is equipped with a screw and feet to adjust its angle with the ground plane. 4. The laser stakeout device for controlling over- and under-excavation of tunnels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the outer ring bracket (4) is composed of an outer ring panel (5), a front panel (6) and an inner ring A hollow member composed of a panel (7), a plurality of transmitter sleeves (9) or card slots are arranged between the outer panel (5) and the inner panel (7) according to the side holes, and each A transmitter sleeve (9) or a card slot is inserted into a described laser transmitter (8), and the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter (8) is provided on the front panel (6) ( 11) Emitting openings (10) corresponding in position. 5. The laser stakeout device for controlling over- and under-excavation of tunnels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a cross bar (19) is arranged on the outer ring support (4), and the measuring point mark ( 18) be arranged on the described cross bar (19). 6. The laser stakeout device for controlling over- and under-excavation of tunnels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the outer ring support (4) is connected with the trolley (20) as a whole. 7. According to claim 1 or 2, the laser stakeout device for tunnel overbreak and underbreak control is characterized in that: the distance between the laser emitters (8) on the outer ring support (4) is based on the minimum convention of different drilling and blasting schemes The number of intervals is set, and controlled in groups by the switch (13) on the power supply box (12).

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