CN102319897B - Manufacturing method of spray formed high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roller - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of spray formed high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN102319897B CN102319897B CN 201110282755 CN201110282755A CN102319897B CN 102319897 B CN102319897 B CN 102319897B CN 201110282755 CN201110282755 CN 201110282755 CN 201110282755 A CN201110282755 A CN 201110282755A CN 102319897 B CN102319897 B CN 102319897B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rolled steel, and in particular relates to a manufacturing method of a spray formed high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roller. The high-vanadium high-speed steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 1.7 to 1.8 percent of C, 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Si, 5.0 to 6.0 percent of Cr, 1.2 to 1.4 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 8.0 to 10.0 percent of V, and the balance of Fe; and the roller core is made of ball milling cast iron. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the radiation roller. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preheating the roller core to a certain temperature by using an induction coil, simultaneously smelting the high-speed steel of the outer layer in a vacuum induction furnace, atomizing the high-speed steel molten metal flow by adopting a spray forming method and using nitrogen, and depositing the molten metal on the rotary roller core for compounding. The outer texture of the compound roller is uniform, rough eutectic carbides and texture segregation are eliminated, and good metallurgical combination is formed between the roller core and a spray layer; and the spray formed compound roller has high hardness on the surface, good abrasion resistance, improved fatigue performance and longer service life, and has higher and better economic benefits as equipment is mature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of steel rolling, be specifically related to a kind of manufacture method of spray formed high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roller.
Background technology
Steel industry is the mainstay industry of national economy and modernization of the country construction development, is the sign of social civilization, is also important strategic material.Since reform and opening-up, China's steel industry is taken the lead, and within continuous 15 years, output of steel occupies the first in the world, guarantees and promoted the fast development of automobile, boats and ships, building, household electrical appliances and Defence business.And roll is the important and crucial parts of iron and steel steel rolling, in industrial chains of iron and steel, in consequence very, it develops most important to iron and steel rolling technique equipment and variety and quality.Along with developing rapidly of ferrous metallurgical industry; updating of rolling technique, what mill bar quality required improves constantly and country's " 12 " energy-saving and emission-reduction, protection of the environment; the needs of the strategy of sustainable development, the needs of high rigidity, high-wearing feature, roll that anti-fatigue performance is good are more and more urgent.The centrifugally cast composite roll equipment of domestic main application at present is simple, process stabilizing, but performance can not increase and break through for a long time, for a long time, China's roll manufacturing technology and equipment seriously lag behind steel development, and the high-performance roll solves by import always.Reaction-injection moulding is a kind of flash set technology, it takes full advantage of refined liquid metal, through being atomized into drip jet, the particle partly solidified is deposited on roller core, the fast solidifying structure refinement that causes metal, composition evenly, eliminated gross segregation, will increase substantially the performance of roll.
SUMITOMO CHEMICAL heavy-duty machinery casting forging company prepares the blank of rich chromium cast iron and high carbon high-speed steel with spray-up method, then be enclosed within on roll, be uniformly distributed because carbide is tiny, improved 2～4 times its service life, hot strength, bending strength, shock resistance improve 2 times than original.Its shortcoming is to use high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) in compacting process subsequently, and cost is too high, the companies such as Osprey cut into ring except producing thick-walled pipe, also directly to reaction-injection moulding on the roller core material, form metallurgical binding, then through hot-working, obtained fully dense jacket roll.Sheifield Forgemaster Roll company produces heat, cold belt mill roll (being of a size of Φ 400mm * 1m, jacket thickness 25～100 mm) by this method.Bend test shows, the Toughness Ratio centrifugal casting roll of reaction-injection moulding jacket roll is high by 40%, and thermal shock resistance improves 100 ℃, and hot-working character and anti-wear performance also are improved largely.Roll manufacturing company of Britain country produces Φ 400mm * 1000mm high-speed steel roll with spray deposition processing, tissue is organized much trickle than forging, eliminated thick eutectic carbide fully, it between roller core and jetted layers, is good metallurgical binding, the roll fatigue behaviour improves, and extend service life.BABCOCK company and the WILCOX company of the U.S. are planning same
Project, research is manufactured compound high speed steel roll with spray deposition processing.Reach more than 2 times of conventional cast high-speed steel roll the service life of spray forming high-speed steel roll.
China adopts spray forming technology to prepare the rarely seen report of compound high speed steel roll.Only species abundance in Baosteel in Shanghai joint-stock company technique center is analyzed and is studied a kind of microscopic structure and mechanical property of novel high speed steel roll material, the high-speed steel obtained is injected into the fine microstructures of form sample, reduced in segregation, distribution of carbides is even, variation has occurred in kind and the form of carbide, microhardness value is lower, this may be improper with the control of preparation process spray deposition processing, cause the deposit preform porosity higher relevant, the performances such as the roller core of composite roll and working lining bond strength are described in detail to some extent.These technology may not obtain further research and extension due to, complex process poor in conjunction with bad, anti-accident, the fermentation restriction such as cost is high and structural design is unreasonable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve the problem of the inhomogeneous and element segregation of the outer tissue produced in existing compound high speed steel roll manufacture process.It is that high-vanadium high-speed steel, roller core are spheroidal graphite cast-iron that a kind of skin is provided, outer by spray atomization & deposition on roller core, thereby realize the high-performance composite roll of good metallurgical binding, improve its hardness, wearability and anti-fatigue performance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
a kind of manufacture method of spray formed high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roller specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: high-vanadium high-speed steel chemistry percentage is as follows: C:1.7-1.8%, Si:1.2-1.6%, Cr: 5.0 ~ 6.0%; Mo: 1.2-1.4%; Mn: 0.5-0.6%; V: 8.0-10.0%, P :≤0.03, S :≤0.02, surplus is iron;
the manufacture of composite roll:at first smelted according to designed chemical composition, the amount of required injection is taken to high-vanadium high-speed steel and be placed in the melting bag, open pump and be evacuated to 10
-3mpa, be filled with argon gas to operating air pressure, and eddy-current heating is to 1300-1500 ℃ of fusing;
Step 2: the nodular cast iron roller core is preheated to 1050 ~ 1150 ℃ with induction coil, inserts in deposit cavity;
Step 3: the melting bag inner melt that step 1 is obtained is poured onto in tundish with 20 ~ 25kg/min, control the pouring basket liquid level height, molten metal flows down through catheter, form metal liquid stream and be 4-6 ° in the nozzle scan angle, atomization the whereabouts that lowers the temperature rapidly under the nitrogen effect that pressure is 1.5-2.5MPa, nodular cast iron roller after described preheating is simultaneously pivoted according to setting speed and linear reciprocating motion vertically, deposit and solidify the sedimentary deposit that forms 50 ~ 55mm, obtaining high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll sample
;
Step: 4: in order to prevent alloy and roller core binder course, cracking, by described high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll sample, is 650-680 ℃ in temperature, is incubated 2 hours, in temperature, is 300-320 ℃ of insulation 1 hour, then is cooled to room temperature;
Step 5: by the described sample after step 4 is processed, in temperature, be to quench under 1050 ℃ ~ 1150 ℃, air-cooled; In the temperature temperature, be 450 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ lower tempering, insulation 3h, air cooling, tempering is no more than 3 times, obtains the high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll.
Chemical composition of the present invention is to determine like this:
1) vanadium: add vanadium can form the VC compound of high rigidity in roll, be conducive to the refinement of crystal grain and improve wearability, also can improve its high temperature hardness simultaneously.The rapid solidification of reaction-injection moulding uniqueness is avoided the generation of element segregation, so the mode of the centrifugal casting of comparing can improve content of vanadium to 8-10%.
2) chromium: chromium in high-speed steel roll with M
6c and M
23c
6type carbide form exists.The purpose that adds chromium is mainly hardenability and the red hardness in order to improve roll, can improve the antioxygenic property of roll simultaneously, prevents that in the roll use, coarsening phenomenon appears in surface, and suitable chromium is containing measuring 5.0-6.5%.
3) molybdenum: molybdenum is the essential element in high-speed steel roll, and character and tungsten are close, but molybdenum causes that the temperature that structural transformation is is lower, because atomic weight is approximately tungsten half, with the W of 1% molybdenum replaceable 2%.Molybdenum add the red hardness that can improve roll, improve the high temperature abrasion resistance of roll, reduce wear rate, improve roll campaign, the addition of suitable molybdenum is 1.0 ~ 2.0%.
4) silicon: silicon is non-carbide former, but also can increase carbide quantity in high-speed steel, improves the high-speed steel roll wearability.In addition, the proeutectoid carbide of separating out when silicon can also the refinement tempering, improve tempering hardness.Too high levels, can increase fragility, and roll surface easily produces be full of cracks and peels off.Therefore, suitable silicone content is controlled at below 1.6%.
5) carbon: high-speed steel roll requires to have enough wearabilities, must improve the quantity of carbide in the roll working lining.While quenching heating, a part of carbide is dissolved in austenite, thereby has guaranteed martensitic hardness, and during tempering, alloy carbide is disperse educt, causes post-curing; On the other hand, not molten carbide plays a part to stop grain growth and wear-resisting.So the effect of carbon is hardness, red hardness and the wearability that improves steel, effect is very remarkable, and suitable carbon content is 1.5-2.5%.
The invention has the advantages that the following aspects:
1) the outer high-speed steel of high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll of the present invention, increased the content of V, due to the reaction-injection moulding rapid solidification, suppresses and avoided the element segregation phenomenon that process of setting produces, and outer V element can not sneaked into roller core simultaneously;
2) high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll outer tissue of the present invention is than forging type, even tissue, and crystal grain is tiny.
3) high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll skin of the present invention and roller core are realized good metallurgical binding, can guarantee that binder course has good bond strength;
4) high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll roll surface hardness of the present invention is even, and wearability is good, and anti-accident ability is strong;
5) high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll of the present invention can reuse written-off spheroidal graphite cast-iron roller core, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize the sustainable development of material.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the manufacture principle schematic of high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll of the present invention.
Fig. 2 high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll schematic diagram.
Atomization pressure, roller core temperature and deposition surface temperature variation curve schematic diagram in Fig. 3 stage of spray forming process.
Fig. 4 high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll heat treatment cycle curve schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll binder course SEM photo schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll junction line element scanning schematic diagram.
In figure, the 1-crucible; The 2-tundish; The 3-nozzle; The 4-range of atomization; The 5-pyrometer; The 6-CCTV camera; The 7-skin; The 8-roller core; The 9-induction coil; The 10-thermocouple.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is done further and tells about in detail:
embodiment mono-
main chemical compositions (wt%, surplus is Fe):
| Material | C | V | Si | Cr | Mo | Mn | P | S |
| Outer | 2.5 | 10.00 | 1.60 | 5.50 | 1.4 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
1) high-speed steel molten steel
According to the quality requirement of required metal injection and the size condition of mother metal etc., select 20L melting kettle capacity.Crucible is placed in induction coil, and it is fixed to insert magnesia in hole.The inclination crucible, just put after master alloy ingot is slowly put into to melting kettle, avoids the crucible of damaging.
By equipment vacuum interface closure, open pump and be evacuated to 10
-3mpa, be filled with argon gas to operating air pressure.Then add on coil that medium frequency alternating current is heated to 1500 ℃ of fusings;
2) warm of roller core
According to preparation technology's requirement, the nodular cast iron roller core is preheated to after 1150 ℃ to (generally reach material melting point 80% ~ 90%) with induction coil, insert ad-hoc location in deposit cavity, be convenient to coordinated movement of various economic factors direction and nozzle location;
3) high speed molten steel stream spray deposition combined shaping on roller core
Topple over melting bag inner melt to tundish.Control is toppled over speed to control pouring basket liquid level height and molten metal flow 23.6kg/min.The catheter that molten metal is φ 6mm through the exit diameter flows down, and forms metal liquid stream and atomization cooling rapidly under the high pressure nitrogen effect, forms the metal drop of liquid/solid admixture in the decline process,
Scanning angle is 6 ℃, and the metal that scan frequency is the 15.2Hz solid-liquid mixing is dropped in and deposits on matrix and solidify, and roller core is pivoted and linear reciprocating motion vertically as requested simultaneously, prepares the composite roll sample.
To change and turn sample be incubated 2 hours under 650 ℃, 300 ℃ of insulations 1 hour, then be cooled to room temperature,
4) compound high speed steel roll heat treatment
The high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll, because carbon, content of vanadium are higher, has good hardenability and quenching degree, and does not have the instrument high-speed steel high to the requirement of red hardness, and the volume of roll is larger in addition, so hardening heat is controlled at 1100 ℃, and the type of cooling is air-cooled.The reduction of cooldown rate, make Ovshinsky residual in quenching structure relatively less, tempering 2 times, temperature is controlled at 550 ℃, insulation 3h, air cooling, separate out proeutectoid carbide in retained austenite, in cooling procedure subsequently, change martensite into, promote the further raising of high-vanadium high-speed steel hardness.
The concrete technology parameter is as follows:
Atomization pressure 1.5MPa
Nozzle scan frequency 15.2Hz
6 ° of nozzle scan angles
Average alloy solution flow velocity 23.6kg/min
Roller core feed speed 0.7mm
Roller core rotary speed 1.8rad/s
Reaction-injection moulding nebulisation time 294s.
Embodiment bis-:
main chemical compositions (wt%, surplus is Fe):
| Material | C | V | Si | Cr | Mo | Mn | P | S |
| Outer | 1.76 | 9.00 | 1.56 | 5.96 | 1.32 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
2) high-speed steel molten steel
According to the quality requirement of required metal injection and the size condition of mother metal etc., select 20L melting kettle capacity.Crucible is placed in induction coil, and it is fixed to insert magnesia in hole.The inclination crucible, just put after master alloy ingot is slowly put into to melting kettle, avoids the crucible of damaging.
By equipment vacuum interface closure, open pump and be evacuated to 10
-3mpa, be filled with argon gas to operating air pressure.Then add on coil that medium frequency alternating current is heated to 1500 ℃ of fusings;
2) warm of roller core
According to preparation technology's requirement, the nodular cast iron roller core is preheated to after 1150 ℃ to (generally reach material melting point 80% ~ 90%) with induction coil, insert ad-hoc location in deposit cavity, be convenient to coordinated movement of various economic factors direction and nozzle location;
4) high speed molten steel stream spray deposition combined shaping on roller core
Topple over melting bag inner melt to tundish.Control is toppled over speed to control pouring basket liquid level height and molten metal flow 23.6kg/min.The catheter that molten metal is φ 6mm through the exit diameter flows down, and forms metal liquid stream and atomization cooling rapidly under the high pressure nitrogen effect, forms the metal drop of liquid/solid admixture in the decline process,
Scanning angle is 5 ℃, and the metal that scan frequency is the 15.2Hz solid-liquid mixing is dropped in and deposits on matrix and solidify, and roller core is pivoted and linear reciprocating motion vertically as requested simultaneously, prepares the composite roll sample.
The composite roll sample is incubated to 2 hours under 650 ℃, 300 ℃ of insulations 1 hour, then is cooled to room temperature,
4) compound high speed steel roll heat treatment
The high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll, because carbon, content of vanadium are higher, has good hardenability and quenching degree, and does not have the instrument high-speed steel high to the requirement of red hardness, and the volume of roll is larger in addition, so hardening heat is controlled at 1100 ℃, and the type of cooling is air-cooled.The reduction of cooldown rate, make Ovshinsky residual in quenching structure relatively less, tempering 2 times, temperature is controlled at 550 ℃, insulation 3h, air cooling, separate out proeutectoid carbide in retained austenite, in cooling procedure subsequently, change martensite into, promote the further raising of high-vanadium high-speed steel hardness.
The concrete technology parameter is as follows:
Atomization pressure 1.5MPa
Nozzle scan frequency 15.2Hz
5 ° of nozzle scan angles
Average alloy solution flow velocity 23.6kg/min
Roller core feed speed 0.7mm
Roller core rotary speed 1.8rad/s
Reaction-injection moulding nebulisation time 294s
Embodiment tri-:
main chemical compositions (wt%, surplus is Fe):
| Material | C | V | Si | Cr | Mo | Mn | P | S |
| Outer | 1.70 | 8.00 | 1.40 | 5.00 | 1.30 | 0.60 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
3) high-speed steel molten steel
According to the quality requirement of required metal injection and the size condition of mother metal etc., select 20L melting kettle capacity.Crucible is placed in induction coil, and it is fixed to insert magnesia in hole.The inclination crucible, just put after master alloy ingot is slowly put into to melting kettle, avoids the crucible of damaging.
By equipment vacuum interface closure, open pump and be evacuated to 10
-3mpa, be filled with argon gas to operating air pressure.Then add on coil that medium frequency alternating current is heated to 1500 ℃ of fusings;
2) warm of roller core
According to preparation technology's requirement, the nodular cast iron roller core is preheated to after 1150 ℃ to (generally reach material melting point 80% ~ 90%) with induction coil, insert ad-hoc location in deposit cavity, be convenient to coordinated movement of various economic factors direction and nozzle location;
5) high speed molten steel stream spray deposition combined shaping on roller core
Topple over melting bag inner melt to tundish.Control is toppled over speed to control pouring basket liquid level height and molten metal flow 23.6kg/min.The catheter that molten metal is φ 6mm through the exit diameter flows down, and forms metal liquid stream and atomization cooling rapidly under the high pressure nitrogen effect, forms the metal drop of liquid/solid admixture in the decline process,
Scanning angle is 4 ℃, and the metal that scan frequency is the 15.2Hz solid-liquid mixing is dropped in and deposits on matrix and solidify, and annular matrix is pivoted and linear reciprocating motion vertically as requested simultaneously, prepares ring-shaped sample.
To change and turn sample be incubated 2 hours under 650 ℃, 300 ℃ of insulations 1 hour, then be cooled to room temperature,
4) compound high speed steel roll heat treatment
The high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll, because carbon, content of vanadium are higher, has good hardenability and quenching degree, and does not have the instrument high-speed steel high to the requirement of red hardness, and the volume of roll is larger in addition, so hardening heat is controlled at 1100 ℃, and the type of cooling is air-cooled.The reduction of cooldown rate, make Ovshinsky residual in quenching structure relatively less, tempering 2 times, temperature is controlled at 550 ℃, insulation 3h, air cooling, separate out proeutectoid carbide in retained austenite, in cooling procedure subsequently, change martensite into, promote the further raising of high-vanadium high-speed steel hardness.
The concrete technology parameter is as follows:
Atomization pressure 1.5bar
Nozzle scan frequency 15.2Hz
4 ° of nozzle scan angles
Average alloy solution flow velocity 23.6kg/min
Roller core feed speed 0.7mm
Roller core rotary speed 1.8rad/s
Reaction-injection moulding nebulisation time 294s
The high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll of the present invention's design and preparation, compare with cast type composite roll in the past, and skin and roller core are in conjunction with good, and intensity is high, avoids the mutual diffusion of ectonexine alloying element.Simultaneously, unique flash set technology is avoided the segregation phenomena of the alloying element such as V, can guarantee like this to organize more even, outer hardness is high and even, wearability is good, and anti-accident ability is strong, in steel rolling is produced, roll campaign will extend 2 to 3 times, reduce its production cost, improve the stocking surface quality, ripe spray forming technology will have significant economic and social benefit, also recycling for the roller core of having scrapped, realize its sustainable development.
Claims (1)
1. the manufacture method of a spray formed high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roller, specifically comprise the following steps: step 1: high-vanadium high-speed steel chemical component weight percentage is as follows: C:1.7 ~ 1.8%, Si:1.2 ~ 1.6%, Cr: 5.0 ~ 6.0%; Mo: 1.2 ~ 1.4%; Mn: 0.5 ~ 0.6%; V: 8.0 ~ 10.0%, P :≤0.03, S :≤0.02, surplus is iron; Smelted according to designed chemical composition, the amount of required injection is taken to high-vanadium high-speed steel and be placed in the melting bag, open pump and be evacuated to 10
-3mPa, be filled with argon gas to operating air pressure, eddy-current heating to 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ fusing;
Step 2: the nodular cast iron roller core is preheated to 1050 ~ 1150 ℃ with induction coil, inserts in deposit cavity;
Step 3: the melting bag inner melt that step 1 is obtained is poured onto in tundish with 20 ~ 25kg/min, control the pouring basket liquid level height, molten metal flows down through catheter, form metal liquid stream and be 4 ~ 6 ° in the nozzle scan angle, atomization cooling rapidly under the nitrogen effect that pressure is 1.5～2.5MPa, nodular cast iron roller core after described preheating is simultaneously pivoted according to setting speed and linear reciprocating motion vertically, deposit and solidify the sedimentary deposit that forms 50 ~ 55mm, obtaining high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll sample;
Step 4: in order to prevent alloy and roller core binder course, cracking, by described high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll sample, is 650-680 ℃ in temperature, is incubated 2 hours, in temperature, is 300-320 ℃ of insulation 1 hour, then is cooled to room temperature;
Step 5: by the described sample after step 4 is processed, in temperature, be to quench under 1050 ℃ ~ 1150 ℃, air-cooled; In temperature, be 450 ℃ ~ 600 ℃ lower tempering, insulation 3h, air cooling, tempering is no more than 3 times, obtains the high-vanadium high-speed steel composite roll.
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| US5393321A (en) * | 1991-07-27 | 1995-02-28 | British Steel Plc | Method and apparatus for producing strip products by a spray forming technique |
| CN101333637A (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Process for repairing continuous casting crystal roller |
| CN101549404A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | 杨云峰 | Process and equipment for precise spray forming and layer-by-layer rolling repair and manufacturing |
| KR20080034871A (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-04-22 | 홍명수 | Self-fluxing alloy powders and roll having spraying coating layer |
| CN101934370A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2011-01-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Process for preparing extra-thick or composite pipe blank by injection moulding and device thereof |
| CN102133639A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Core rod for preparing tube blank by spray forming |
| CN101838774A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-09-22 | 金文平 | High speed steel and productive technology thereof |
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| CN102319897A (en) | 2012-01-18 |
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