CN108842123B - Manufacturing method of high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of part preparation, and particularly discloses a manufacturing method of a high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a matrix of the composite tamping pick; (2) spraying and depositing a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm; (3) and (4) performing subsequent heat treatment on the wear-resistant layer of the high-speed steel of the pickaxe palm. The invention has simple process and low cost, and the prepared tamping pickaxe has high wear resistance and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of part preparation, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick.
Background
The railway road maintenance machine plays an important role in the construction and maintenance operation of a railway, wherein a tamping vehicle is mainly used for tamping ballast of a railway track bed, a tamping pick is the most key part on the tamping vehicle, and the ballast is repeatedly impacted and tamped in the operation process. Because the tamping pick not only frequently receives the effect of impact load, still must bear abrasive material wearing and tearing and impact wearing and tearing for the tamping pick life is shorter, needs often to change. At present, most of tamping picks adopted by the domestic railway engineering tamping vehicle are composite tamping picks of which pick bodies are forged by medium carbon steel and pick palm is embedded with a hard alloy sheet, wherein the composite tamping picks are imported abroad and have long service life but high price; the tamping pickaxe produced in China is low in price and short in service life. According to the service condition of the railway tamping effect, the failure of the tamping pick is mainly divided into the abrasion of a pick palm and the breakage of a pick body, and in order to improve the service life of the tamping pick and reduce the cost at the same time, domestic related researchers independently develop a novel tamping pick.
Chinese patent CN103194720A discloses a wear-resistant tamping pick, which mainly improves the wear resistance by plasma surface treatment, but the wear-resistant layer obtained by the invention is very thin and can be worn completely quickly, the pick palm is seriously worn after tamping for 7-8 km, and the production efficiency is low and the cost is high.
Chinese patent CN203188068U relates to a hard alloy wear-resistant tamping pick, wherein a pick body and a pick palm of the tamping pick are connected into a whole by welding, and hard alloy is welded on the pick palm part. Although the tamping pick has high hardness and wear resistance of the pick palm, microcracks are easily generated in the process of brazing the hard alloy sheet, so that the hard alloy sheet falls off in the working process, the service life is reduced, and the tamping pick has high price.
Chinese patent CN202656484U discloses a wear-resistant tamping pick, which adopts medium carbon alloy steel as a pick body and high carbon high alloy steel as a pick palm, and is connected into a whole by welding. Although the tamping pickaxe does not have the problem of hard alloy piece falling off, the hardness of the pickaxe palm is low and is only 40-55HRC, the wear resistance is insufficient, the service life is short, the process is complex, and the cost performance is low.
Chinese patent CN101704092A discloses a wear-resistant tamping pick prepared by a bimetal liquid-liquid composite pouring method. Although the metallurgical bonding of the pick body and the pick palm is realized, the hardness of the pick palm is higher, the production process is difficult to control, the influence factors are many, and defects can be generated on the bonding surface, so that the cracking is easily generated in the operation process, and the fracture failure is caused. In addition, the tamping pick cannot be repaired after failure, and the cost is higher.
Chinese patent CN104874770A discloses a composite material wear-resistant tamping pick. The tamping pick is composed of a cast steel or cast iron pick body and a metal matrix composite material reinforced by ceramic particles, and the cast steel or cast iron pick body and the metal matrix composite material are connected into a whole by welding. The key point of the tamping pickaxe lies in the preparation of the composite pickaxe palm, and the process comprises the steps of firstly preparing a ceramic particle pre-sintered body and then pressurizing and permeating metal liquid into the ceramic particles. The process is complex and difficult to control, the cost is high, and the molten metal is difficult to completely permeate, so that more pores exist in the molten metal, and the wear resistance of the molten metal is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for manufacturing a high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick, which has the advantages of simple process, low cost, high wear resistance and long service life.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a compound wear-resisting tamping pickaxe of high-speed steel, includes pick body and the pick palm with pick body integrated design, the matrix material of pick body and pick palm adopts the well carbon alloy steel that has strong toughness concurrently to obtain the tamping pickaxe through the method of direct casting or die forging one shot forming, the pick palm part is then utilized to spray the high wear-resisting high-speed steel material that has toughness concurrently of shaping.
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base body of the composite tamping pick: selecting alloy steel bars, performing one-time forging forming in a die forging mode, performing subsequent heat treatment, and regulating and controlling the structure performance.
(2) And (3) spraying and depositing a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm. The process is carried out in spray forming equipment, and comprises three parts of high-speed steel smelting, alloy melt atomizing and spray deposition of high-speed steel atomized liquid drops on the surface of a pickaxe palm, specifically, the high-speed steel smelting is carried out in a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be about 1450 ℃; then atomizing and spray-depositing, wherein the atomizing pressure is 0.8MPa, the diameter of the flow guide nozzle is 4mm, the deposition distance is 500mm, before spray-depositing, the pickaxe palm part of the tamping pickaxe is heated to about 1100 ℃ by induction, then the pickaxe palm moves leftwards to an atomization spray-deposition area, and a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer starts to be sprayed and deposited, in the spray-depositing process, the pickaxe palm rotates at a constant speed along the axial direction of the tamping pickaxe, the rotating speed is 60r/min, and the included angle between the atomizer and the horizontal direction is 30 degrees; and after the spray deposition process is finished, closing the atomizing gas, cooling the workpiece to room temperature, collecting the overspray powder, and performing secondary recycling.
(3) And (3) subsequent heat treatment of the pickaxe palm high-speed steel wear-resistant layer: after the whole spray deposition process is finished, slowly cooling the pickaxe palm, carrying out quenching and tempering treatment after slowly cooling to room temperature, carrying out induction heating quenching on the wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm, controlling the quenching and heating temperature to 1160 ℃, keeping the temperature for ten minutes, then carrying out oil cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out tempering treatment in a well type furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 560 ℃, and the tempering is carried out for three times, and each time is 1 h.
Further, before the pick palm in the step 2 sprays and deposits the wear-resistant layer, the surface is heated to 900-1100 ℃ by adopting an induction heating mode.
And further, in the step 2, the spraying deposition is carried out on the high-speed steel wear-resistant layer by adopting a scanning type double-nozzle, so that the uniform deposition of the high-speed steel coating on the surface of the tamping pick palm is ensured.
Further, the substrate in the step 1 can be medium carbon alloy steel of one type, and is subjected to smelting casting in a vacuum furnace and directly subjected to one-step molding in a casting mold.
Further, the forging starting temperature of the forging in the step 1 is 1100-1250 ℃, the primary forging forming is carried out, and air cooling is carried out after forging.
Further, the subsequent heat treatment in the step 1, the step of regulating and controlling the tissue performance: 1) normalizing, namely preserving heat for 2-4h in a trolley furnace at 850-; 2) quenching and tempering, namely preserving heat for 1-3h at 900 ℃ in a trolley furnace at 860-plus materials for 8-15% of the concentration of a quenching medium, carrying out tempering for 4-15min in a pit furnace after quenching, carrying out tempering at 580-plus materials for 630 ℃ in a pit furnace, preserving heat for 2-4h, then discharging from the furnace and carrying out air cooling, and finally obtaining the workpiece with the surface hardness of 250-plus materials HB 290 after tempering.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the spray deposition of the high-speed steel wear-resistant layer is carried out by adopting the scanning type double nozzles, so that the density and the tissue uniformity of the coating can be improved, the deposition time is shortened, and the spray deposition efficiency is improved; according to the tamping pick, the hard alloy sheet does not need to be embedded, the wear-resistant high-speed steel is directly sprayed on the surface of the pick palm by using a spray forming technology, metallurgical bonding between the wear-resistant high-speed steel and a base body is realized, the whole pick palm is covered in an all-round manner, the base body of the pick palm is protected from being worn, and the problems that the welded hard alloy sheet is easy to fall off and the pick palm is not wear-resistant are solved; the hardness of the jet-deposited high-speed steel is close to that of hard alloy, the impact toughness of the jet-deposited high-speed steel is superior to that of the hard alloy, and the wear resistance of the tamping pick is equivalent to that of the traditional tamping pick embedded with the hard alloy by properly increasing the thickness of the wear-resistant layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The utility model provides a compound wear-resisting tamping pickaxe of high-speed steel, includes pick body and the pick palm with pick body integrated design, the matrix material of pick body and pick palm adopts the well carbon alloy steel that has strong toughness concurrently to obtain the tamping pickaxe through the method that direct casting or die forging once take shape, pick palm part then utilizes to spray the high-speed steel material that the high wear-resisting toughness that has concurrently of shaping, its manufacturing method of compound wear-resisting tamping pickaxe of high-speed steel, includes following step:
(1) preparing a base body of the composite tamping pick: selecting a high-strength alloy steel bar with the mark of 42CrMo, carrying out one-time forging and forming by a die forging mode, carrying out subsequent heat treatment, regulating and controlling the structure performance, wherein the initial forging temperature of the die forging is 1160 ℃, the one-time die forging forming, air cooling after forging, and the subsequent heat treatment is carried out to regulate and control the structure performance: 1) normalizing, keeping the temperature of 880 ℃ in a trolley furnace for 2h, and then air-cooling; 2) quenching and tempering, namely, preserving heat for 2h at 860 ℃ in a trolley furnace, wherein the quenching medium is PEG quenching liquid, the concentration of the quenching medium is 8-15%, the quenching time is 4-7min, tempering is carried out in a pit furnace after quenching is finished, the tempering temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4h, then the quenching and tempering are carried out, the surface hardness of the workpiece is 250-290 HB.
(2) And (3) spraying and depositing a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm. Selecting high-speed steel with the mark of M4 as a wear-resistant layer of a pickaxe palm part, wherein the process is carried out in a spray forming device (the device is disclosed by a patent number CN 201520655264.0), and comprises three parts of high-speed steel smelting, alloy melt atomization and spray deposition of high-speed steel atomized liquid drops on the surface of the pickaxe palm, specifically, the components of the high-speed steel are M4, the high-speed steel is smelted in a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the temperature of the alloy melt is controlled to be about 1450 ℃; then atomizing and spray-depositing, wherein the atomizing pressure is 0.8MPa, the diameter of the flow guide nozzle is 4mm, the deposition distance is 500mm, before spray-depositing, the pickaxe palm part of the tamping pickaxe is heated to about 1200 ℃ by induction, then the pickaxe palm moves to the left to an atomization spray-deposition area, and spray-depositing of a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer is started, wherein in the spray-depositing process, the pickaxe palm rotates at a constant speed along the axial direction of the tamping pickaxe, the rotating speed is 60r/min, and the included angle between the atomizer and the horizontal direction is 30 degrees; and after the jet deposition process is finished, closing the atomized gas, cooling the workpiece to room temperature, collecting the overspray powder, and performing secondary recycling.
(3) And (3) subsequent heat treatment of the pickaxe palm high-speed steel wear-resistant layer: after the whole spray deposition process is finished, slowly cooling the pickaxe palm, carrying out quenching and tempering treatment after slowly cooling to room temperature, carrying out induction heating quenching on the wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm, controlling the quenching and heating temperature to 1160 ℃, keeping the temperature for ten minutes, then carrying out oil cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out tempering treatment in a well-type furnace, wherein the tempering temperature is 560 ℃, and the tempering is carried out for three times, and each time is 1 h; after the final heat treatment, the structural performance of the high-speed steel wear-resistant layer is analyzed and tested, the hardness of the wear-resistant layer reaches 67HRC, the bending strength is 3523MPa, the impact toughness is 18J, the density reaches more than 99%, the structure is uniform and fine, the grain size is 10 mu m, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is 8-11 mm.
Before the wear-resistant layer is sprayed and deposited on the pickaxe palm in the step 2, the surface is heated to 900-1100 ℃ in an induction heating mode, the high-speed steel wear-resistant layer is sprayed and deposited by adopting a scanning type double nozzle in the step 2, and the high-speed steel coating is uniformly deposited on the surface of the pickaxe palm.
Example 2
The manufacturing method of the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick is different from the embodiment 1 in that the base body in the step 1 can be made of medium carbon alloy steel of one brand, and the medium carbon alloy steel is smelted and cast in a vacuum furnace and directly formed in a casting mould in one step.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The manufacturing method of the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a base body of the composite tamping pick: selecting an alloy steel bar, carrying out one-time forging forming by a die forging mode, and carrying out subsequent heat treatment to regulate and control the structure performance;
(2) spraying and depositing a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm: the process is carried out in spray forming equipment, and comprises three parts of high-speed steel smelting, alloy melt atomization and spray deposition of high-speed steel atomized liquid drops on the surface of a pickaxe palm; specifically, high-speed steel is smelted in a medium-frequency induction furnace, and the temperature of an alloy melt is controlled at 1450-1600 ℃; then atomizing and spray-depositing, wherein the atomizing pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the diameter of a flow guide nozzle is 3.5-5mm, and the deposition distance is 400-700mm, before spray-depositing, the pickaxe palm part of the tamping pickaxe is heated to 1000-1200 ℃ by induction, then the pickaxe palm moves to the left to an atomization spray-deposition area, and a high-speed steel wear-resistant layer starts to be sprayed and deposited, in the spray-depositing process, the pickaxe palm rotates at a constant speed along the axial direction of the tamping pickaxe, the rotating speed is 60r/min, and the included angle between an atomizer and the horizontal direction is 30 degrees; after the spray deposition process is finished, the atomizing gas is closed, the workpiece is cooled in air to room temperature, and the overspray powder is collected for secondary recycling;
(3) and (3) subsequent heat treatment of the pickaxe palm high-speed steel wear-resistant layer: after the whole spray deposition process is finished, slowly cooling the pickaxe palm, performing quenching and tempering treatment after slowly cooling to room temperature, performing induction heating and quenching on the wear-resistant layer on the surface of the pickaxe palm, controlling the quenching and heating temperature at 1150-plus-one-1200 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-3 minutes, then performing oil cooling to room temperature, and performing tempering treatment in a well type furnace at 550-plus-one-600 ℃ for three times, wherein each time is 1-2 hours.
2. The method for manufacturing the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick according to claim 1, wherein the pick palm in the step 2 is heated to 1100 ℃ by induction heating before the wear-resistant layer is sprayed and deposited.
3. The method for manufacturing the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick according to claim 1, wherein the jet deposition in the step 2 adopts a scanning double-nozzle to perform the jet deposition of the high-speed steel wear-resistant layer, so as to ensure that the uniform deposition of the high-speed steel coating on the surface of the tamping pick palm is ensured.
4. The method for manufacturing the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick according to claim 1, wherein the base body in the step 1 is made of medium carbon alloy steel of a brand, is subjected to smelting casting in a vacuum furnace, and is directly formed in a casting mold in one step.
5. The method for manufacturing the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick according to claim 1, wherein the forging in the step 1 is performed at the initial forging temperature of 1100-1250 ℃, and the forging is performed by one-step forging and air cooling after forging.
6. The manufacturing method of the high-speed steel composite wear-resistant tamping pick according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the subsequent heat treatment in the step 1 is carried out to regulate and control the structure property: 1) normalizing, keeping the temperature of 880 ℃ in a trolley furnace for 2h, and then air-cooling; 2) quenching and tempering, namely preserving heat for 2h at 860 ℃ in a trolley furnace, wherein the quenching medium is PEG quenching liquid, the concentration of the quenching medium is 8-15%, the quenching time is 4-7min, tempering is carried out in a pit furnace after quenching is finished, the tempering temperature is 630 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 4h, then the quenching and tempering are carried out, discharging and air cooling are carried out, and the surface hardness of the finally tempered workpiece is 250-290 HB.
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