CN109663893A - A kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper Download PDFInfo
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- CN109663893A CN109663893A CN201811605585.4A CN201811605585A CN109663893A CN 109663893 A CN109663893 A CN 109663893A CN 201811605585 A CN201811605585 A CN 201811605585A CN 109663893 A CN109663893 A CN 109663893A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, which cleans burner hearth using high-purity argon gas before melting by the way that cupro-nickel tin slab is carried out vacuum melting in high purity graphite crucible;Then entire high purity graphite crucible is placed in the unmanned working bin of high-purity argon gas, cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal is atomized into molten drop by metal jet device, molten drop high speed injection is solidified on roll to side by high speed high-purity argon gas and forms semi-solid-state metal spray deposition layer, semisolid atomization metal sedimentary is after double roller deforms, obtain cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, processing difficulties caused by this method solve being segregated because of material, foil rolling is easy to crack, long flow path, low efficiency, environment influences the problems such as big, acquire dense structure, dimensional accuracy is high, the low high-quality cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of porosity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nonferrous materials fields, more specifically, it relates to a kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper.
Background technique
Cupro-nickel tin material, is a kind of precipitation hardening alloy, and physical property, mechanical property and beryllium-bronze are suitable;?
Thermal stress resistance relaxation ability, electrical stability, the influence of production process environment etc. are better than beryllium-bronze.As high strength elastic alloy
The alternative materials of beryllium-bronze are widely used in the industries such as electronic information, optical instrument and precision instrument, indispensable.For example, rule
Lattice are the mobile phone camera zoom motor cupro-nickel tinfoil paper part of 308.1m × 2.6m.
Currently, the preparation process of the foil is to pass through founding --- hot rolling --- cold working --- multiple tracks work such as solution heat treatment
Sequence obtains, and in the preparation process of above-mentioned traditional handicraft, alloying element easily generates segregation in crystal boundary, and intensity is caused to decline, and processes
It is difficult.Easily there is fragmentation, raw edges, rolls the defects of leakage in foil in preparation process, seriously affects product quality and lumber recovery, is tradition
The cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of method preparation, the segregation situation and material alloys compositional data of spectroscopy detection.In addition, preparation process long flow path,
Difficulty is big, low efficiency, and some process procedures adversely affect environment.Particular problem is as follows:
(1) adonic of nickelic high tin content, founding process alloying element easily generate segregation in crystal boundary, lead to intensity
Decline, processing difficulties.Easily there is fragmentation, raw edges, rolls the defects of leakage in foil rolling, seriously affects product quality and lumber recovery.
(2) course of hot rolling foil surface can generate oxidation film because of high temperature, and oxidation film need to can be removed by pickling for several times, acid
Washing journey can have an adverse effect to surrounding enviroment.
(3) since the characteristic of cupro-nickel tin material high strength and high flexibility, preparation process need to pass through multi-pass reprocessabilty, the period is long,
Low efficiency is as shown in table 1 cupro-nickel tinfoil paper spectroscopy detection result schematic diagram after 400 DEG C of timeliness, according to testing result it is found that (a)
Strip face is integral into separating existing segregation, and phase 1 is close to alloy nominal composition, and (b) band section entirety, phase 1, phase 2 are close to alloy
Nominal composition, 3 ingredient of phase are segregated.
Cupro-nickel tinfoil paper spectroscopy detection result after 1:400 DEG C of timeliness of table
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, should
Method solves traditional cupro-nickel tinfoil paper during the preparation process, and processing difficulties caused by being segregated because of material, foil rolling is easy to crack, stream
Journey length, low efficiency, environment influence the problems such as big, acquire dense structure, the high-quality cuprum-nickel-stannum that dimensional accuracy is high, porosity is low
Foil.Metallographic structure is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, obtains that dense structure, dimensional accuracy is high, porosity is low, fine crystalline substance using this method
High-quality cupro-nickel tinfoil paper.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the goal above, a kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of the present invention, feature exist
In, method includes the following steps:
Step 1: before melting, first cleaning burner hearth, will be through elutriation, drying, magnetic separation, classification treated copper after the completion of cleaning
Nickel tin slab, which is fitted into high purity graphite crucible, carries out vacuum melting.
Step 2: high purity graphite crucible is placed in unmanned working bin, is then persistently heated to high purity graphite crucible, high
Metal jet device on pure graphite crucible is drawn the cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal after melting by nozzle from high purity graphite crucible,
And the jet atomization on solidification roll.
Step 3: being equipped with heating wire in solidification roll, cupro-nickel solution of tin drop is injected on roll and forms semisolid
Metal atomization sedimentary, semisolid atomization metal sedimentary are deformed under the action of roll tangential velocity and self weight
Cupro-nickel tinfoil paper is obtained, roll gap controls between 5 μm -40 μm according to cupro-nickel tinfoil paper thickness requirement.
Step 4: closed preservation after being sliced as required from the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper being sent in the roll gap among solidification roll.
As present invention further optimization, in step 1, the high-purity argon gas for being 99.99% or more by using purity is clear
Prepurging thorax.
As present invention further optimization, in step 1, high purity graphite crucible is the crucible of medium-frequency induction furnace, crucible
Interior smelting temperature is 1250 DEG C, and continuous heating makes cupro-nickel tin slab be completely melt into solution, is evacuated in high purity graphite crucible
About 1 × 10-2Pa-1.5×10-2Pa。
As present invention further optimization, working bin described in step 2 is the unmanned work equipped with high-purity argon gas
Storehouse, the unmanned working bin are connected with vacuum pump.
As present invention further optimization, step 2, to cupro-nickel solution of tin continuous heating, is made by high purity graphite crucible
Cuprum-nickel-stannum solution temperature after vacuum melting is adjusted to 1300 DEG C.
As present invention further optimization, the increasing atomizing gas pressure in step 2 is maintained at 0.5 MPa-0.8MPa, spray
Radioglold category flow quantity is controlled in 150g/min-400g/min.
As present invention further optimization, the material of the nozzle in step 2 is high-purity corundum, and nozzle is surrounded by
Molten metal can be atomized and be adjusted the injection direction of atomization metal liquid, nozzle by venthole, the high-purity argon gas air-flow in venthole
Replacement is able to carry out according to the width of desired foil.
As present invention further optimization, the temperature for solidifying roll is controlled 600 using infrared measurement of temperature in step 3
DEG C -800 DEG C, the tangential velocity for solidifying roll is 10m/s-25m/s.
As present invention further optimization, the material that roll is solidified described in step 2 and three is hard alloy roller.
A kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of the present invention be by spray forming combined with roll casting it is thin
Band continuous casting technology, it is that the molten metal of vacuum fusion is atomized as drop using high pressure gas, then flies to spray directionally, at a high speed
Semi-solid material thermal deformation is the fine and close band quickly solidified by the gap of mouth and roll, alloy material this rapid deformation,
It has no chance to generate segregation during solidification.To obtain the fine isometric crystal grains with high-compactness, keep alloy material each
Mechanical property difference is minimum, and the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper dimensional accuracy of preparation is high, porosity is low.In addition, new preparation method energy benefit
With rate height, cost can be greatly reduced.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of the present invention has following excellent compared with prior art
Point:
1, alloy quickly solidifies under semisolid form, and institutional framework does not generate the chance of segregation;It also can get high cause
The fine isometric crystal grains of density keep each mechanical property difference of alloy material minimum;
2, it highly shortened cupro-nickel tinfoil paper process flow, the processes such as rolling, heat treatment without high energy consumption reduce product
Cost improves production efficiency;
3, due to producing in high-purity argon gas environment, it is not necessarily to pickling, surface quality is excellent, and production process will not produce environment
Raw adverse effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of Cu-15Ni-8Sn metallographic structure;
Fig. 2 is the exterior view of Cu-15Ni-8Sn metallographic structure;
Process flow diagram Fig. 3 of the invention;
Fig. 4 is constituent analysis XRD diagram of energy disperse spectroscopy in the case where condition 1;
Fig. 5 is constituent analysis XRD diagram of energy disperse spectroscopy in the case where condition 2;
Fig. 6 is constituent analysis XRD diagram of energy disperse spectroscopy in the case where condition 3;
In figure: 1, high purity graphite crucible;2, unmanned working bin;3, roll is solidified;11, nozzle;21, vacuum pump.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated.
A kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of the present invention, the preparation method by by cupro-nickel tin slab in high purity graphite
Vacuum melting is carried out in crucible 1, cleans burner hearth using high-purity argon gas before melting;Then entire high purity graphite crucible 1 is placed in
In the unmanned working bin 2 for being connected with high-purity argon gas being connected with vacuum pump 21, cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal is atomized by metal jet device
Molten drop high speed injection is solidified on roll 3 to side by high speed high-purity argon gas and forms semi-solid-state metal by molten drop
Spray deposition layer, semisolid atomization metal sedimentary obtain dimensional accuracy qualification, the cupro-nickel of dense structure after double roller deforms
Tinfoil paper, if Fig. 3 is process flow diagram of the invention.It is the lower three embodiments methods experiment step of different condition below.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil, preparation step include;
Step 1: before melting, the barotropic gas for the high-purity argon for the use of purity being 99.99% or more cleans burner hearth, has cleaned
After will through elutriation, drying, magnetic separation, classification, treated that cupro-nickel tin slab is fitted into high purity graphite crucible 1 carries out vacuum melting, height
Pure graphite crucible 1 is the crucible of position frequency electric induction furnace, and the smelting temperature in crucible is 1250 DEG C, and continuous heating keeps cupro-nickel tin slab complete
Fine melt chemical solution, at this point, being evacuated to about 1 × 10 in high purity graphite crucible 1-2Pa。
Step 2: high purity graphite crucible 1 is placed in the unmanned working bin 2 equipped with high-purity argon gas, persistently to high-purity stone
Black crucible 1 heats and the cuprum-nickel-stannum solution temperature after vacuum melting is adjusted to 1300 DEG C.At this point, being fixed on high purity graphite crucible
Metal jet device on 1 is drawn the cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal after melting by nozzle 11 from high purity graphite crucible 1, and to solidifying
Gu jet atomization on roll 3, increasing atomizing gas pressure is maintained at 0.5MPa, and the control of metal injection flow quantity is in 150g/min, solidification
Roll 3 is hard alloy roller, and the material of nozzle 11 is high-purity corundum, and nozzle 11 is surrounded by venthole, the height in venthole
Molten metal can be atomized and be adjusted the injection direction of atomization metal liquid by pure argon air-flow, and nozzle 11 can be according to desired foil
Width replaced.
Step 3: being equipped with heating wire in solidification roll 3, will solidify the control of 3 temperature of roll 600 using infrared measurement of temperature
DEG C, the tangential velocity of solidification roll 3 is 10m/s, and roll gap is controlled according to cupro-nickel tinfoil paper thickness requirement at 5 μm, and cupro-nickel solution of tin drips
It is injected on solidification roll 3 and is formed semi-solid-state metal spray deposition layer, semisolid atomization metal sedimentary is in solidification roll 3
It is deformed under the action of tangential velocity and self weight, dimensional accuracy qualification, the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper of dense structure can be obtained.
Step 4: closed preservation after being sliced as required from the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper being sent in the roll gap among solidification roll 3.
Table 2 is the embodiment energy disperse spectroscopy test result.If Fig. 4 is constituent analysis XRD of energy disperse spectroscopy in the case where condition 1
Figure, experimental condition: sample be equal to 7764 standard cursor modes: 5.358 (18 instruct), and 1000 electron-volts of unit.
Table 2: 1 energy disperse spectroscopy test result of embodiment
Chemical component | Mass fraction % | Mass fraction standard deviation % | Atomic fraction % |
Carbon C | 71.451 | 0.437 | 80.175 |
Oxygen O | 13.651 | 0.374 | 11.499 |
Fluorine F | 10.388 | 0.316 | 7.369 |
Copper Cu | 4.510 | 0.189 | 0.957 |
Embodiment 2:
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, and specific step is as follows for the preparation method;
Step 1: before melting, the barotropic gas for the high-purity argon for the use of purity being 99.99% or more cleans burner hearth, has cleaned
After will through elutriation, drying, magnetic separation, classification, treated that cupro-nickel tin slab is fitted into high purity graphite crucible 1 carries out vacuum melting, height
Pure graphite crucible 1 is the crucible of position frequency electric induction furnace, and the smelting temperature in crucible is 1250 DEG C, and continuous heating keeps cupro-nickel tin slab complete
Fine melt chemical solution, at this point, being evacuated to about 1.2 × 10 in high purity graphite crucible 1-2Pa。
Step 2: high purity graphite crucible 1 is placed in the unmanned working bin 2 equipped with high-purity argon gas, persistently to high-purity stone
Black crucible 1 heats and the cuprum-nickel-stannum solution temperature after vacuum melting is adjusted to 1300 DEG C.At this point, being fixed on high purity graphite crucible
Metal jet device on 1 is drawn the cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal after melting by nozzle 11 from high purity graphite crucible 1, and to solidifying
Gu jet atomization on roll 3, increasing atomizing gas pressure is maintained at 0.6MPa, and the control of metal injection flow quantity is in 200g/min, solidification
Roll 3 is hard alloy roller, and the material of nozzle 11 is high-purity corundum, and nozzle 11 is surrounded by venthole, the height in venthole
Molten metal can be atomized and be adjusted the injection direction of atomization metal liquid by pure argon air-flow, and nozzle 11 can be according to desired foil
Width is able to carry out replacement.
Step 3: being equipped with heating wire in solidification roll 3, and the temperature control for solidifying roll 3 is existed using infrared measurement of temperature
700 DEG C, the tangential velocity of solidification roll 3 is 20m/s, and roll gap controls the cupro-nickel between 20 μm according to cupro-nickel tinfoil paper thickness requirement
Solution of tin drop is injected on solidification roll 3 and forms semi-solid-state metal spray deposition layer, and semisolid atomization metal sedimentary exists
It is deformed under the action of solidification 3 tangential velocity of roll and self weight, dimensional accuracy qualification, the cuprum-nickel-stannum of dense structure can be obtained
Foil.
Step 4: closed preservation after being sliced as required from the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper being sent in the roll gap among solidification roll 3.
Table 3 is the embodiment energy disperse spectroscopy test result.If Fig. 5 is constituent analysis XRD of energy disperse spectroscopy in the case where condition 2
Figure, experimental condition: sample be equal to 3782 standard cursor modes: 5.358 (24 instruct), and 1000 electron-volts of unit.
Table 3: 2 energy disperse spectroscopy test result of embodiment
Chemical component | Mass fraction % | Mass fraction standard deviation % | Atomic fraction % |
Carbon C | 59.493 | 0.635 | 75.074 |
Oxygen O | 16.491 | 0.428 | 15.622 |
Fluorine F | 6.001 | 0.331 | 4.787 |
Aluminium Al | 0.212 | 0.032 | 0.119 |
Silicon Si | 0.275 | 0.033 | 0.148 |
Sulphur S | 0.372 | 0.037 | 0.176 |
Chlorine Cl | 0.228 | 0.037 | 0.097 |
Potassium K | 0.297 | 0.046 | 0.115 |
Nickel | 0.666 | 0.111 | 0.172 |
Copper Cu | 14.887 | 0.364 | 3.551 |
Titanium Ti | 1.081 | 0.123 | 0.138 |
Embodiment 3:
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, and specific step is as follows for the preparation method;
Step 1: before melting, the barotropic gas for the high-purity argon for the use of purity being 99.99% or more cleans burner hearth, has cleaned
After will through elutriation, drying, magnetic separation, classification, treated that cupro-nickel tin slab is fitted into high purity graphite crucible 1 carries out vacuum melting, height
Pure graphite crucible 1 is the crucible of position frequency electric induction furnace, and the smelting temperature in crucible is 1250 DEG C, and continuous heating keeps cupro-nickel tin slab complete
Fine melt chemical solution, at this point, being evacuated to about 1.5 × 10 in high purity graphite crucible 1-2Pa。
Step 2: high purity graphite crucible 1 is placed in the unmanned working bin 2 equipped with high-purity argon gas, persistently to high-purity stone
Black crucible 1 heats and the cuprum-nickel-stannum solution temperature after vacuum melting is adjusted to 1300 DEG C.At this point, being fixed on high purity graphite crucible
Metal jet device on 1 is drawn the cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal after melting by nozzle 11 from high purity graphite crucible 1, and to solidifying
Gu jet atomization on roll 3, increasing atomizing gas pressure is maintained at 0.8MPa, and the control of metal injection flow quantity is in 400g/min, solidification
Roll 3 is hard alloy roller, and the material of nozzle 11 is high-purity corundum, and nozzle 11 is surrounded by venthole, the height in venthole
Molten metal can be atomized and be adjusted the injection direction of atomization metal liquid by pure argon air-flow, and nozzle 11 can be according to desired foil
Width replaced.
Step 3: being equipped with heating wire in solidification roll 3, and the temperature control for solidifying roll 3 is existed using infrared measurement of temperature
800 DEG C, the tangential velocity of solidification roll 3 is 25m/s, and roll gap controls the cupro-nickel between 40 μm according to cupro-nickel tinfoil paper thickness requirement
Solution of tin drop is injected on solidification roll 3 and forms semi-solid-state metal spray deposition layer, and semisolid atomization metal sedimentary exists
It is deformed under the action of solidification 3 tangential velocity of roll and self weight, dimensional accuracy qualification, the cuprum-nickel-stannum of dense structure can be obtained
Foil.
Step 4: closed preservation after being sliced as required from the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper being sent in the roll gap among solidification roll 3.
Table 4 is the embodiment energy disperse spectroscopy test result.If Fig. 6 is constituent analysis XRD of energy disperse spectroscopy in the case where condition 3
Figure, experiment condition: sample be equal to 4111 standard cursor modes: 5.358 (18 instruct), and 1000 electron-volts of unit.
Table 4: 3 energy disperse spectroscopy test result of embodiment
Chemical component | Mass fraction % | Mass fraction standard deviation % | Atomic fraction % |
Carbon C | 19.907 | 0.699 | 55.378 |
Oxygen O | 2.158 | 0.299 | 4.507 |
Nickel | 5.412 | 0.314 | 3.080 |
Copper Cu | 68.013 | 0.714 | 35.765 |
Titanium Ti | 4.509 | 0.238 | 1.269 |
The technical effect as brought by 5 traditional handicraft of table and the technology of the present invention technique is found by comparative analysis, of the invention
Technical matters comparison traditional handicraft have with short production cycle, surface quality is more smooth, thickness deviation is small, light leakage rate is low,
Stock utilization is big, thickness can be adjusted freely, surface size width can freely be adjusted according to different spray nozzles size, length can basis
The advantages that needing length to be cut.
Table 5: traditional handicraft and the technology of the present invention technology Contrast on effect
By obtaining Cu-15Ni-8Sn tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage to Cu-15Ni-8Sn Mechanics Performance Testing
Such as table 6, comparison discovery uses the cuprum-nickel-stannum foil dynamic performance obtained of this technology more excellent.
Table 6:Cu-15Ni-8Sn mechanical property
Tensile strength (MPa) | 1020 |
Yield strength (MPa) | 918 |
Elongation percentage (%) | 15 |
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
Step 1: before melting, first cleaning burner hearth, will be through elutriation, drying, magnetic separation, classification treated cuprum-nickel-stannum after the completion of cleaning
Ingot, which is fitted into high purity graphite crucible (1), carries out vacuum melting;
Step 2: by high purity graphite crucible (1) be placed in in unmanned working bin (2), then persistently to high purity graphite crucible (1)
Heating, metal jet device on high purity graphite crucible (1) by nozzle (11) by the cuprum-nickel-stannum molten metal after melting from high-purity
It is drawn in graphite crucible (1), and the jet atomization in solidification roll (3);
Step 3: being equipped with heating wire in solidification roll (3), cupro-nickel solution of tin drop is injected on roll and forms semisolid gold
Belong to spray deposition layer, semisolid atomization metal sedimentary is deformed under the action of roll tangential velocity and self weight, can obtain
To cupro-nickel tinfoil paper, roll gap controls between 5 μm -40 μm according to cupro-nickel tinfoil paper thickness requirement;
Step 4: closed preservation after being sliced as required from the cupro-nickel tinfoil paper being sent in the intermediate roll gap of solidification roll (3).
2. a kind of preparation method of cupro-nickel tinfoil paper according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1, by using
The high-purity argon gas that purity is 99.99% or more cleans burner hearth.
3. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step 1, high purity graphite
Crucible (1) is the crucible of medium-frequency induction furnace, and the smelting temperature in crucible is 1250 DEG C, and continuous heating keeps cupro-nickel tin slab completely molten
Chemical solution, high purity graphite crucible are evacuated to 1 × 10 in (1)-2Pa-1.5×10-2Pa。
4. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in high purity graphite crucible (1)
It is evacuated to 1 × 10-2Pa-1.5×10-2Pa。
5. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: work described in step 2
Storehouse is the unmanned working bin (2) equipped with high-purity argon gas, and unmanned working bin (2) is connected with vacuum pump (21).
6. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: step 2 passes through high purity graphite
For crucible (1) to cupro-nickel solution of tin continuous heating, the cuprum-nickel-stannum solution temperature after making vacuum melting is adjusted to 1300 DEG C.
7. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the atomization air flow in step 2
Pressure is maintained at 0.5Mpa-0.8MPa, and metal injection flow quantity is controlled in 150g/min-400g/min.
8. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the nozzle (11) in step 2
Material be high-purity corundum, nozzle (11) is surrounded by venthole, and the high-purity argon gas air-flow in venthole can be by molten metal
It is atomized and adjusts the injection direction of atomization metal liquid, nozzle (11) can be replaced according to the width of desired foil.
9. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: utilize infrared survey in step 3
The temperature that temperature will solidify roll (3) is controlled at 600 DEG C -800 DEG C, and the tangential velocity of solidification roll (3) is 10m/s-25m/s.
10. a kind of preparation method of copper and tin nickel foil according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the solidification roll (3)
Material be hard alloy roller.
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