CN102302098B - Compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting immunity and growth of rice field eel - Google Patents
Compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting immunity and growth of rice field eel Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种促免疫、生长的饲料添加剂，具体而言，涉及一种用于黄鳝养殖中的促生长、免疫的复方中草药饲料添加剂。 The invention relates to a feed additive for promoting immunity and growth, in particular to a compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting growth and immunity in paddy field eel breeding.
背景技术 Background technique
黄鳝是我国重要的特种水产养殖品种之一，其营养丰富、肉质鲜美，深受消费者的喜爱。目前，黄鳝养殖规模不断的扩大。然而，由于高密度养殖、消毒剂和药物的滥用以及不适当的管理方法等，养殖水体的污染程度不断加剧，养殖环境日益恶化，致使黄鳝生长受到诸多环境因子的胁迫，导致黄鳝生长减慢、病害滋生日益严重，严重影响了黄鳝养殖经济效益。黄鳝人工配合饲料主要参考鳗鲡饲料配方，饲料系数高，黄鳝喜食性差，不能完全替代生物活饵料，目前主要以生物活饵料搭配人工配合饲料投喂。中草药取自天然动植物产品，保持了其天然的成分、结构和生物活性，作为饲料添加剂，不仅有补充营养、促进生长、增强机体免疫力、提高抗病力的作用，同时还具有低毒、低残留、耐药性不显著等优点，日益广泛的应用于水产养殖中，而且由于一些中草药具有特定香味等特点，对鱼类有一定诱食效果。目前，尽管中草药饲料添加剂产品研究已取得一定的进展，且在一定范围内对水产动物生长及疾病的控制具有良好的效果。但迄今为止，少见专门用于增强黄鳝免疫及生长效果稳定的中草药制剂。 Rice field eel is one of the important special aquaculture species in my country. It is rich in nutrition and delicious in meat quality, and is deeply loved by consumers. At present, the scale of rice field eel farming continues to expand. However, due to high-density breeding, abuse of disinfectants and drugs, and inappropriate management methods, the pollution of the aquaculture water body is increasing, and the aquaculture environment is deteriorating. The breeding of diseases is becoming more and more serious, which has seriously affected the economic benefits of eel farming. The artificial compound feed for rice field eel mainly refers to the formula of eel feed, which has a high feed coefficient and poor food preference, and cannot completely replace live biological bait. Chinese herbal medicine is taken from natural animal and plant products, which maintains its natural composition, structure and biological activity. As a feed additive, it not only has the functions of supplementing nutrition, promoting growth, enhancing body immunity and improving disease resistance, but also has low toxicity, With the advantages of low residue and insignificant drug resistance, it is increasingly widely used in aquaculture, and because some Chinese herbal medicines have specific fragrance and other characteristics, they have a certain food-attracting effect on fish. At present, although the research on Chinese herbal medicine feed additive products has made some progress, and within a certain range, it has a good effect on the growth and disease control of aquatic animals. But so far, there are few Chinese herbal medicine preparations specially used to enhance the immunity and stable growth of rice field eel.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种来源广泛、成本低廉、添加量小、使用方便、能提高黄鳝机体的免疫力和促进其生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive with wide sources, low cost, small addition amount, convenient use, which can improve the immunity of rice field eel body and promote its growth.
本发明提供的技术方案是：一种用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂，其特征在于：按重量计，其原料组成为： The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting the immunity and growth of rice field eels, characterized in that: by weight, its raw materials are composed of:
杜仲 5-15份 Eucommia 5-15 servings
山楂 10-20 份 Hawthorn 10-20 servings
白术 5-15份 Atractylodes macrocephala 5-15 servings
当归 5-15 份 Angelica 5-15 servings
三黄粉 0.5份 Three yellow powder 0.5 part
小茴香 5-15 份 Cumin 5-15 parts
肉桂 5-15份。 Cinnamon 5-15 servings.
优选地，所述的用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂，按重量计，其原料组成为： Preferably, the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting the immunity and growth of rice field eel, by weight, its raw material composition is:
杜仲 8-12份 Eucommia 8-12 servings
山楂 12-18 份 Hawthorn 12-18 servings
白术 8-12份 Atractylodes macrocephala 8-12 servings
当归 8-12份 Angelica 8-12 servings
三黄粉 0.5份 Three yellow powder 0.5 part
小茴香 7-13份 Cumin 7-13 parts
肉桂 7-13份。 Cinnamon 7-13 servings.
更为优选地，所述的用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂，按重量计，其原料组成为： More preferably, the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting the immunity and growth of rice field eel, by weight, its raw material composition is:
杜仲 10份 Eucommia 10 servings
山楂 15 份 Hawthorn 15 parts
白术 10份 Atractylodes macrocephala 10 parts
当归 10份 Angelica 10 servings
三黄粉 0.5份 Three yellow powder 0.5 parts
小茴香 10份 Cumin 10 parts
肉桂 10份。 Cinnamon 10 servings.
所述三黄粉为大黄、黄柏、黄芩的混合物，以重量计，大黄：黄柏：黄芩优选5：3：2。 The three yellow powder is a mixture of rhubarb, phellodendron and scutellaria baicalensis, preferably 5:3:2 of rhubarb: phellodendron: scutellaria baicalensis by weight.
本发明还提供一种饲料，该饲料中含0.5-1.5%所述的用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂；优选地，该饲料中含1% 所述的用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂。 The present invention also provides a feed, which contains 0.5-1.5% of the compound Chinese herbal feed additive for promoting the immunity and growth of rice field eel; preferably, the feed contains 1% of the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting the immunity and growth of rice field eel Growing Compound Chinese Herbal Feed Additive.
本发明用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂制备方法简单，将所述的杜仲、山楂、白术、当归、三黄粉、小茴香、肉桂经粉碎后过80目筛网，取筛下物均匀混合即可。 The preparation method of the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting the immunity and growth of rice field eels is simple. The eucommia, hawthorn, Atractylodes macrocephala, angelica, three yellow powder, fennel and cinnamon are crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the under-sieve is taken Mix evenly and serve.
本发明具有如下优点：（1）本发明含有杜仲、山楂、白术、当归、三黄粉、小茴香、肉桂中药成分，各组分搭配合理，兼有药物、营养及诱食性三种属性，既能明显提高黄鳝机体的免疫力，又能促进其生长。（2）作为饲料添加剂在黄鳝饲料中使用，添加量仅为0。5-1.5%，使用量少，费用低，效益明显。（3）本发明能改善饲料适口性，对黄鳝具有良好的诱食效果。 (4)本发明所用原料来源广泛，价格低廉，生产工艺简单。 The present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention contains Eucommia ulmoides, hawthorn, Atractylodes macrocephala, angelica, three yellow powder, cumin, and cinnamon. Significantly improve the immunity of the eel body, but also promote its growth. (2) Used as a feed additive in eel feed, the added amount is only 0.5-1.5%, the usage is small, the cost is low, and the benefit is obvious. (3) The present invention can improve the palatability of the feed, and has a good food-attracting effect on rice field eels. (4) The raw material source used in the present invention is extensive, and price is cheap, and production process is simple.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施实例1：Implementation example 1:
制备本发明用于促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂，表1列出了三种配方，配方中各原料按重量份计算，三黄粉中，以重量计，大黄：黄柏：黄芩为5：3：2。 Prepare the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive that the present invention is used for promoting rice field eel immunity, growth, and table 1 has listed three kinds of formulas, and each raw material in the formula is calculated by weight, and in three yellow powder, by weight, rhubarb: Cortex Phellodendri: Scutellaria baicalensis is 5: 3:2.
表1 Table 1
本发明促黄鳝免疫、生长的复方中草药饲料添加剂的制备方法简单，即：将配方中7种原料组分粉碎后过80目筛网，取筛下物混匀即可。 The preparation method of the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for promoting immunity and growth of rice field eel of the invention is simple, that is, the seven raw material components in the formula are crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and the under-sieve is taken and mixed evenly.
实施例2：饲养实验Embodiment 2: feeding experiment
实验设对照组、实验组两个处理组，每组3个重复。将实施例1中的按配方1制得的复方中草药饲料添加剂按1%的质量比添加在基础饲料中，制成黄鳝粉状饲料，作为实验组饲料。对照组饲料为基础饲料。 The experiment consisted of two treatment groups, the control group and the experimental group, with 3 repetitions in each group. The compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive prepared according to Formula 1 in Example 1 was added to the basic feed at a mass ratio of 1% to make rice field eel powder feed, which was used as the feed for the experimental group. The diet of the control group was the basal diet.
基础饲料为市场上普通的鱼（黄鳝）饲料，也可以是表2配方的饲料，表2中，各组分按重量份计算。 The basic feed is the common fish (eel) feed on the market, and it can also be the feed formulated in Table 2. In Table 2, each component is calculated by weight.
表2 Table 2
养殖实验在3m2网箱中进行，每个网箱中放养60尾体重为20-30g的黄鳝。每天投喂1次（时间：18时30分左右），每天按体重的2%～3%投喂，投饵时将粉状饵料加水调制成软性湿团置于饲料盘上，置于网箱内水花生丛中。实验期间，每天监测养殖区域的水温，记录摄食量等详细记录养殖管理中的情况。实验持续10周，具体实验结果如下： The breeding experiment was carried out in 3m 2 net cages, and 60 rice field eels weighing 20-30g were stocked in each net cage. Feed once a day (time: around 18:30), and feed 2% to 3% of the body weight every day. When feeding, add water to the powdery bait to make a soft wet ball, put it on the feed pan, and put it on the net. Water in the box is among the peanut bushes. During the experiment, the water temperature in the breeding area was monitored every day, and the food intake was recorded in detail to record the situation in the breeding management. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, and the specific experimental results are as follows:
表3 黄鳝生长、饲料系数影响 Table 3 Effect of eel growth and feed coefficient
注：同列小写字母不同表示差异显著（p<0.05），下同。 Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p<0.05), the same below.
表4 黄鳝前肠胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性 Table 4 Activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in the foregut of rice field eel
表5 黄鳝血液免疫指标 Table 5 Blood immune indexes of rice field eel
现场投喂观察表明，添加本发明复方中草药饲料添加剂的饲料诱食效果优于对照组，摄食完成时间缩短5-10分钟。 On-the-spot feeding observation shows that the feeding effect of the feed added with the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention is better than that of the control group, and the feeding completion time is shortened by 5-10 minutes.
实验数据表明：对照组和实验组黄鳝成活率差异不显著，与对照组相比，投喂添加本发明中草药制剂黄鳝增重率提高了22.63%，饲料系数下降了9.82%。对黄鳝的生长有明显促进效果。按目前黄鳝市场价格50元/公斤计算，中草药每公斤添加成本为0.17元，投喂每公斤中草药饲料使黄鳝多收入4元，效益为3.83元/公斤。 The experimental data showed that the difference in survival rate between the control group and the experimental group was not significant. Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate of the rice field eel fed with the Chinese herbal preparation of the present invention increased by 22.63%, and the feed coefficient decreased by 9.82%. It has obvious promoting effect on the growth of rice field eel. According to the current market price of rice field eel at 50 yuan/kg, the cost of adding Chinese herbal medicine per kilogram is 0.17 yuan, and feeding each kilogram of Chinese herbal medicine feed will increase the income of ricefield eel by 4 yuan, and the benefit is 3.83 yuan/kg.
黄鳝摄食添加本发明复方中草药饲料添加剂的饲料后，前肠胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组。 After rice field eel ingested the feed added with the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention, the activities of foregut trypsin, lipase and amylase were significantly higher than those of the control group.
黄鳝摄食添加本发明复方中草药饲料添加剂的饲料后，红细胞数量、总蛋白含量、补体C4含量均显著提高；与对照组相比，实验组溶菌酶活力显著提高，超氧化物歧化酶活力有一定程度地升高，显著增强了黄鳝的免疫力。 After rice field eel ingested the feed added with the compound Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention, the number of red blood cells, total protein content, and complement C4 content all significantly increased; compared with the control group, the activity of lysozyme in the experimental group was significantly improved, and the activity of superoxide dismutase had a certain degree Elevated ground, significantly enhanced the immunity of rice field eels.
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| CN102870986B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Feed for delaying sex reversal time of finless eels and preparation and implementation methods of feed |
| CN103340297A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-10-09 | 杨成胜 | Ricefield eel fodder additive |
| CN103416609A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-12-04 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Dentex tumifrons feed |
| CN103392647A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-20 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Method for scientifically and precisely breeding rice field eels |
| CN103636946B (en) * | 2013-12-08 | 2015-06-10 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | Preparation method and application of Chinese herbal medicine immunological enhancer for finless eel |
| CN104489309A (en) * | 2014-11-30 | 2015-04-08 | 王旭 | Feed capable of increasing growth speed of rice field eels |
| CN105146183A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-16 | 安徽宏亮饲料科技有限公司 | Complete compound feed for eel aquaculture |
| CN105248326A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-20 | 全椒县花溪湖特种水产合作社 | Excellent eel culturing method |
| CN105360604A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-02 | 明光市永言水产(集团)有限公司 | Feed-inducing young eel fodder and preparing method thereof |
| CN105360602A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-02 | 明光市永言水产(集团)有限公司 | Feed for increasing survival rate of young eels and preparation method thereof |
| CN105360706A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-03-02 | 明光市永言水产(集团)有限公司 | Nutrient fodder capable of improving appetite of finless eels and preparing method of nutrient fodder |
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