CN102300708A - 用于制备复合板的甘油三酯组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

用于制备复合板的甘油三酯组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN102300708A
CN102300708A CN2010800055235A CN201080005523A CN102300708A CN 102300708 A CN102300708 A CN 102300708A CN 2010800055235 A CN2010800055235 A CN 2010800055235A CN 201080005523 A CN201080005523 A CN 201080005523A CN 102300708 A CN102300708 A CN 102300708A
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S·J·万特林
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Hexion Research Belgium SA
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Abstract

使用具有包括具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯的配制剂的防湿性添加剂制备复合板。该水乳液可以在足以至少部分地皂化该甘油三酯的条件下通过使添加剂配制剂的组分分散而制备。该防潮性添加剂可以赋予用其制备的复合板吸湿性和厚度溶胀。

Description

用于制备复合板的甘油三酯组合物及其应用
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及用于制备复合板的添加剂。本发明特别涉及用于赋予复合板防吸湿性和防溶胀的添加剂。
背景技术
复合板材，现有技术中还已知为复合板，可以由木材制成并且具有天然木材的特性。当制备复合板时，例如中密度纤维(MDF)板或颗粒板，首先将木材碾磨成期望尺寸的木屑。然后在共混器中使木屑与粘合剂混合直到混合均匀。
然后将该均匀的混合物挤出或塑成期望的形状。复合板可以用聚氯乙烯(PVC)、蜜胺、金属、箔、浸渍纸、经染色和密封的木饰板、或者用聚酯覆盖以装饰复合板并使其耐磨损，并且还提供其他的性质。在一些应用中，硬化的复合板之后切割成期望的形状和尺寸，并且然后进一步通过切割、钻孔或边缘加工以制造成部件。复合板可以用作箱柜，模塑物，储物单元，桌子或其他产品。
最近十年间，定向刨花板(OSB)，另一种形式的复合板，在住宅建筑工业中成为特别重要的木制品。自从1978年OSB出现以来，它成为最快速增长的木材基复合产品。OSB最初用作结构板，而结构板过去由软木胶合板主宰。
仍然是另一种形式的复合板是所谓的“石膏板”。常规的石膏墙板或石膏干墙典型地由放置在两层纸之间的石膏灰泥浆料制造。更特别地，在常规的方法中，将石膏的湿浆料倾倒在两层纸之间的传送带上，并且允许该浆料放置一段时间。在石膏墙板中，两层纸容纳着浆料并且提供了安装和使用中要求的拉伸强度。石膏板复合板除了石膏之外还可以包括纤维素和其他材料。
现有技术中期望的是能够制造提高所有这些板的防湿性的复合板。
发明概述
一方面，本发明为使用用于制备复合板的防湿性添加剂制备的复合板，该防湿性添加剂包括具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。
另一方面，本发明为制备复合板的方法，其包括将用于制备复合板的防湿性添加剂引入湿板制备工艺中，该防湿性添加剂包括具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。
还另一方面，本发明为用于制备复合板的防湿性添加剂，该防湿性添加剂包括具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。
本发明的另一方面为包括乳液的防湿性添加剂，其中使用包括如下的配制剂制备乳液：具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯；烃蜡；线性C12到C22的脂肪酸；以及选自胺、无机碱和它们的混合物的一种或多种化合物。该乳液在足以将乳液组分分散和至少部分地皂化甘油三酯的条件下制备。
优选的实施方案的描述
本发明的一个实施方案为使用用于制备复合板的防湿性添加剂制备的复合板，该防湿性添加剂包括具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。三酰基甘油(也称为甘油三酯)在化学上定义为脂肪酸的甘油酯。用于本发明的甘油三酯包括但不限于菜籽油、鲱鱼油、玉米油、橄榄油、可可油、大豆油、亚麻籽油、棉籽油、猪油、羊脂、花生油、马油、牛脂、棕榈油、黄油、棕榈仁油以及椰子油。可以使用任何甘油三酯，只要其分别具有至少150和35的皂化值和碘值。
当甘油三酯具有太高的不饱和度时，它们可以任何本领域普通技术人员已知的方法处理以降低不饱和度的程度。例如，甘油三酯可以进行一定程度的氢化。
在一些实施方案中，可能希望的是碘值可以大于35。例如，在一些实施方案中，碘值可以大于大约45。在另一个实施方案中，碘值可以大于大约55。在一些实施方案中，碘值为大约50到大约56。
在一些实施方案中，甘油三酯的皂化值大于150。例如，在一些实施方案中皂化值大于大约170。在其他的实施方案中，皂化值为大约170到260，且还在其他的实施方案中，皂化值为大约185到大约200。
甘油三酯的碘值可以用以下方式测定。将卤素作用于样品时，测量甘油三酯样品吸收的卤素的量。然后，将吸收的卤素的量转化为碘并且以克/100g样品表示。碘值为100克脂肪吸收的碘的克数，且样品中脂肪酸的不饱和度随着碘值而增加。制备氯仿或四氯化碳溶液作为样品，且将碘和氯化汞的醇溶液以及氯化碘的冰醋酸溶液添加到样品中。样品进行静置之后，留下的没有引起任何反应的碘用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定，由此计算吸收的碘量。与已知测量碘值的标准方法相符的任何测定碘值的方法都可以实际用于本发明。
皂化值为皂化1g样品所需要的氢氧化钾(KOH)的毫克数且其对应着酸酯和酯值的总和。当在本发明的实践中测量皂化值时，样品可以用大约0.5N的醇溶液中的氢氧化钾皂化，且之后过量的氢氧化钾可以用0.5N的盐酸滴定。化合物的皂化值随着化合物中的酯基团的增加而增加。与已知测量皂化值的标准方法相符的任何测定皂化值的方法都可以实际用于本发明。
在本发明的实践中，在一个实施方案中，包含甘油三酯的防潮性添加剂可以是水性乳液的形式。该乳液可以包括除了水和甘油三酯之外的其它组分。该附加的组分可以包括但不限于：烃蜡，线性C12到C22的脂肪酸，无机碱，胺和它们的混合物。
当使用烃蜡时，其可以选自任何具有大约120°F(48.9℃)到大约150°F(65.6℃)的熔点的商业上已知的烃蜡。在一些实施方胺中，该蜡具有大约135°F(57.2℃)到大约145°F(62.8℃)的熔点。这种蜡典型的有低的挥发性，在标准热重分析期间表现出小于约10％的重量损失。同样，这些蜡的油含量可以典型的小于大约1％重量。这些蜡有相对高的分子量，具有大约36个或更多个碳原子(C36或更高)的平均链长。该烃蜡组分可以包含任何已知用于制备复合板的乳液领域中的蜡。
可以用于本发明的线性C12到C22的脂肪酸包括但不限于月桂酸，棕榈酸，硬脂酸，山萮酸，油酸，亚油酸，亚麻酸以及它们的混合物。对于该应用目的，用于描述脂肪酸的“线性”一词表示脂肪酸的碳链是基本上线性的，其在碳链中具有少于5％的非α碳原子被甲基或高级烷基取代。
该酸可以是饱和的、不饱和的或多不饱和的。
水性乳液可以任选包括无机碱化合物。该无机碱化合物可以选自氢氧化钠，氢氧化钾，氢氧化铯，氢氧化锂，氢氧化铵以及它们的混合物。任何可在水中以足以促进甘油三酯皂化的浓度充分溶解的无机胺均可用于本发明的实施方案中。
水性乳液可以任选包括胺。对于该应用目的，胺一词包括任何具有胺基团的化合物。在一个实施方胺中，该胺为链烷醇胺。可以用于本发明的链烷醇胺包括但不限于二乙醇胺，三乙醇胺以及它们的混合物。任何可在水中以足以促进甘油三酯皂化的浓度充分溶解的胺均可用于本发明的实施方案中。例如可以将吗啉用作胺。
虽然不希望被任何理论所束缚，可以相信的是本发明的乳液导致表面活性剂体系和亲水性在纤维素/树脂/蜡体系或石膏/木材纤维体系内稳定化，且随着它们的脱水，提供了防湿屏障。这些乳液于是可以赋予用其制备的复合板一种或多种期望的性质，例如高的流动性，泡沫负载性(foam support)，粘合性，强度，稳定性，低pH值和低吸湿性。
用于本发明的乳液可以包括列出的某浓度范围内的组分。甘油三酯可以以乳液的大约10重量％到大约50重量％的浓度存在。当乳液不用烃蜡制备时，甘油三酯可以以乳液的大约30重量％到大约50重量％的浓度存在。
烃蜡可以以大约0重量％到大约25重量％的浓度存在。在本发明的一些实施方案中，当使用烃蜡时，其以大约0.5到20重量％的浓度存在。在本发明其他的实施方案中，当使用烃蜡时，其以大约5到20重量％的浓度存在。
线性C12到C22的脂肪酸可以以大约0.5重量％到大约3重量％的浓度存在。在一些实施方案中，脂肪酸以大约0.5到大约2重量％的浓度存在。还在其他的实施方案中，脂肪酸以大约1到大约1.5重量％的浓度存在。
胺可以以大约0重量％到大约3.0重量％的浓度存在。在一些实施方案中，胺以大约0.5到2重量％的浓度存在。还在其他的实施方案中，胺以大约1到大约1.5重量％的浓度存在。
无机碱可以以大约0重量％到大约6.0重量％的浓度存在。在一些实施方案中，无机碱以大约0.5到大约4重量％的浓度存在。还在其他的实施方案中，无机碱以大约1到大约3重量％的浓度存在。
在一些实施方案中，以水性乳液的形式的本申请的防湿性添加剂，此外，可以包括其他的组分，例如表面活性剂、气味剂、杀生物剂(杀细菌剂和杀真菌剂)、稳定剂以及类似组分。
乳液可以使用任何制备用于复合板的制备的添加剂的本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。例如，乳液的组分可以在容器中加热并且使用合适的搅拌手段搅拌。在一个实施方案中，容器的内容物可以通过均质机循环。在另一个实施方案中，内容物使用高速混合器搅拌。
不论使用何种方法，乳液在充分允许甘油三酯皂化的温度下制备。例如，在一些实施方案中，乳液在大约110°F到大约200°F的温度下制备。在其他的实施方案中，使用大约120°F到大约180°F的温度。还在另一个实施方案中，使用大约130°F到大约160°F的温度。
本发明的方法实际上可以制作使用湿法并混以纤维素来制备的复合板。纤维素可以是木材的形式或者其可以是其他来源或是经处理的。纤维素的示例性形式包括但不限于木材纤维，木材薄片，木材刨花，木屑，木材颗粒，回收的木材或纸纤维，以及类似物。示例性的复合板包括但不限于纸盒，定向刨花板，胶合板，中密度颗粒板以及类似物。
本发明的方法包括将防湿性添加剂引入到复合添加剂中。对于该应用目的，“湿”一词表示液态或蒸汽形式的水。
防湿性添加剂可以是乳液的形式。作为该形式，其可以在压制和干燥前添加到任何用于制备板材的原材料中。例如，在定向刨花板的加工中，木材刨花与树脂和本发明的乳液组合。木材、树脂和乳液混合并且在载体材料上成型以形成预制体。然后该预制体经受热和压力以形成定向刨花板。
乳液可以直接添加到木材中。该乳液可以添加到粘合剂中。乳液可以与粘合剂和木材一起进料到混合器中。该乳液可以以任何导致乳液相对均一地遍布在复合板中的方法添加到板材中。
本发明的乳液可以以大约0.1到大约5重量％的重量浓度添加到复合板组合物中。在一些实施方案中，本发明的乳液可以以大约0.5到大约3重量％的重量浓度添加到复合板组合物中。还在其他的实施方案中，本发明的乳液可以以大约1到大约2重量％的重量浓度添加到复合板组合物中。
实施例
提供以下实施例用于阐明本发明。这些实施例并不意在限制本发明的范围且它们不应当解释为此。除非另有说明，否则量均为重量份或重量百分数。
实施例1
使用表1所示的配制剂制备第一乳液。该乳液使用均质机制备。显示的组分可商购获得且可以包含少量溶剂。
实施例2
使用表1所示的配制剂制备第二乳液。该乳液使用均质机制备。通过常规的热压方法使用表1的乳液制造定向刨花板。使木材刨花与聚亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(pMDI)树脂以及大约1重量％的本发明的乳液在混合器内组合/混合。一旦与树脂和表1实施例2所指定的乳液混合，混合物就在载体材料上成型以制作定向刨花板预制体。然后将该预制体放置在热压机的隔板上，在那里通过应用高于大气压的压力和大于室温的温度制备终产品。Tung Chiu的U.S.Pat.No.4,433,120进一步描述了该热压方法，其内容通过参考全部并入本发明中。由终产品切割出12英寸×12英寸的板并且根据ASTM-D-1037-99测试密度、板间强度、吸湿性和厚度溶胀。测试结果示于表2中。
实施例3
使用表1所示的配制剂制备第三乳液。该乳液使用均质机制备。以与实施例2基本相同的方法制备定向刨花板，除了使用如表1的实施例3所指定的乳液。由终产品切割出12英寸×12英寸的板并且根据ASTM-D-1037-99测试密度、板间强度、吸湿性和厚度溶胀。测试结果示于表2中。
对比实施例4
使用表1所示的配制剂制备第四乳液。该乳液使用均质机制备。以与实施例2基本相同的方法制备定向刨花板，除了使用如表1的实施例4所指定的乳液。由终产品切割出12英寸×12英寸的板并且根据ASTM-D-1037-99测试密度、板间强度、吸湿性和厚度溶胀。测试结果示于表2中。
表1
  实施例#   1   2   3   对比实施例4
  牛脂   43   33   20   0
  烃蜡   0   10   20   47
  硬脂酸   1.5   1.5   1.5   1.7
  三乙基胺   1.3   1.3   1.3   1.4
  KOH   0.5   0   0   0
  水   53.7   54.2   57.2   49.9
表2
Figure BDA0000078777470000081
*注：因为在一些配制剂的组分中存在溶剂，因此固体含量根据配制剂略有变化。
实施例的讨论
使用本发明的两种配制剂制备定向刨花板并与使用常规的防湿性添加剂制备的板材相对比。从表2中可以看出，尽管具有大约9％和12％的少量固体，实施例还是具有与对比实施例相似的物理性质。尽管实施例3具有比对比实施例明显低的密度，但是其也具有良好的物理性质。由于这一领域竞争非常激烈，原料成本的降低可能是非常有意义的。

Claims (20)

1.使用用于制备复合板的防潮性添加剂制备的复合板，该防潮性添加剂包含具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。
2.权利要求1的复合板，其中防潮性添加剂还另外包含烃蜡。
3.权利要求1的复合板，其中防潮性添加剂还另外包含线性C12到C22的脂肪酸。
4.权利要求1的复合板，其中防潮性添加剂还另外包含选自胺、无机碱以及它们的混合物的一种或多种化合物。
5.权利要求1的复合板，其中该复合板是纸盒、定向刨花板、胶合板、石膏板或中密度颗粒板。
6.权利要求1的复合板，其中该复合板使用选自木材纤维、木材薄片、木材刨花，木屑、木材颗粒、再循环的木材、再循环的纸纤维以及它们的混合物的纤维素制备。
7.用于制备复合板的方法，其包括在湿板制备工艺中，将用于制备复合板的防潮性添加剂引入复合板中，该防潮性添加剂包含具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。
8.权利要求7的方法，其中防潮性添加剂是水乳液。
9.权利要求8的方法，其中通过将防潮性添加剂施加于用来制造复合板的纤维素组分而将防潮性添加剂引入到复合板中。
10.用于制备复合板的防潮性添加剂，其包含具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯。
11.权利要求10的防潮性添加剂，其中该防潮性添加剂是乳液的形式。
12.权利要求11的防潮性添加剂，其中该防潮性添加剂进一步包含线性C12到C22的脂肪酸；以及选自胺、无机碱以及它们的混合物的一种或多种化合物。
13.权利要求12的防潮性添加剂，其中该防潮性添加剂进一步包含烃蜡。
14.权利要求11的防潮性添加剂，其中该乳液使用均质机制备。
15.权利要求11的防潮性添加剂，其中将该乳液加热到足以至少部分地皂化甘油三酯的温度。
16.权利要求11的防潮性添加剂，其中足以至少部分地皂化甘油三酯的温度为大约110°F到大约200°F。
17.权利要求10的防潮性添加剂，其另外包含选自表面活性剂、气味剂、杀生物剂(杀细菌剂和杀真菌剂)、稳定剂以及它们的混合物的组分。
18.包含乳液的防潮性添加剂，其中：使用包含下列的配制剂制备所述乳液：
具有至少150的皂化值和至少35的碘值的甘油三酯；
烃蜡；
线性C12到C22的脂肪酸；以及
选自胺、无机碱以及它们的混合物的一种或多种化合物；并且该乳液在足以使配制剂中的组分分散且至少部分地皂化甘油三酯的条件下制备。
19.权利要求18的防潮性添加剂，其中该配制剂另外包含选自表面活性剂、气味剂、杀生物剂(杀细菌剂和杀真菌剂)、稳定剂以及它们的混合物的组分。
20.权利要求18的防潮性添加剂，其中乳液使用均质机分散。
CN2010800055235A 2009-01-27 2010-01-14 用于制备复合板的甘油三酯组合物及其应用 Pending CN102300708A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20111228