CN102295765B - 生物质肌酐催化共缩聚法合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸 - Google Patents

生物质肌酐催化共缩聚法合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸 Download PDF

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CN102295765B
CN102295765B CN2011101811698A CN201110181169A CN102295765B CN 102295765 B CN102295765 B CN 102295765B CN 2011101811698 A CN2011101811698 A CN 2011101811698A CN 201110181169 A CN201110181169 A CN 201110181169A CN 102295765 B CN102295765 B CN 102295765B
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李弘�
张全兴
江伟
潘丙才
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Wuxi South Big Green Environment Friendly Materials Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种生物质肌酐催化乳酸、乙醇酸共缩聚合成医用生物降解材料聚乳酸-乙醇酸的工艺方法。本发明以人体内精氨酸代谢生成物肌酐为催化剂、工业级乳酸(LA,85%水溶液)和乙醇酸(GA,95%)为共聚单体、经本体无溶剂二阶共缩聚,得到高度生物安全性医用降解性聚乳酸-乙醇酸。本发明特点:采用绿色工艺、原料成本低廉、操作简便、易于工业化实施;催化剂肌酐具有高度生物相容性、生物安全性并且无细胞毒性,所合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸不含任何金属及其他有毒残余物;所合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸分子量可在1.8~17.7×104范围调控;所合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸适合用作植入性硬组织修复材料、手术缝合线、靶向及控释药物载体。

Description

生物质肌酐催化共缩聚法合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸
技术领域
本发明属于医用生物降解材料技术领域,涉及用生物质肌酐(人体内精氨酸代谢生成物)为催化剂,以乳酸、乙醇酸为原料经共缩聚反应合成高度生物安全性医用生物降解性聚乳酸-乙醇酸(乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物)的工艺方法。
背景技术
[0002] 聚乳酸-乙醇酸PLGA是一种重要的医用生物降解材料,具有良好的生物相容性、生物可吸收性及生物降解性。由于聚乳酸-乙醇酸是由乳酸和乙醇酸共聚制成,因此兼有两种均聚物聚酯材料(聚乳酸PLA,聚乙醇酸PGA)的优点。聚乳酸-乙醇酸不仅具有良好的生物相容性,并且其材料强度、降解速率、机械性能等可以通过改变共聚物的组成和分子量来调控,因此是一种有广泛实用价值的医用生物降解材料。聚乳酸-乙醇酸已被被广泛应用于生物医学领域的诸多方面:如植入性硬组织修复材料、手术缝合线、靶向及控释药物载体。应用于生物医学领域的降解材料要求具有高度生物安全性,并不含有任何毒性金属及其他毒性成分。目前商品化的聚乳酸-乙醇酸的生产采用辛酸亚锡催化开环聚合法或氯化亚锡催化缩聚法制备。国内外近期的研究已无疑的证明,二价锡盐(辛酸亚锡、氯化亚锡)具有细胞毒性,由于所用锡盐催化剂在聚合反应后不能彻底从所合成聚合物中去除,因此采用二价锡类为催化剂合成的聚乳酸-乙醇酸用作人类医用材料的安全性问题已引起国内外科学家的普遍质疑。因此,探求高效、无毒、无金属的绿色催化剂用于聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成已成为生物医用降解材料领域挑战性课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有缩聚法合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸使用氯化亚锡为催化剂造成所合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸材料用于人类医用药用领域存在安全性隐患的问题,提供一种生物质肌酐催化直接共缩聚法合成聚乳酸-乙醇酸的工艺方法。
本发明首次研发出一种利用无毒、无金属生物质肌酐(人体内精氨酸代谢生成物)为催化剂,乳酸(LA,85%水溶液)和乙醇酸(GA,95%)为共聚单体经本体共缩聚法合成高度生物安全性生物医用降解材料聚乳酸-乙醇酸的新工艺方法。
本发明所使用的无毒、无金属生物质有机胍化合物——肌酐,其化学名称为:2-氨基-1-甲基-2-咪唑啉-4-酮(英文学名为:2-amino-1-methyl-2-imidazolin-4-one,英文俗名为creatinine,英文缩写为:CR),其分子结构如下:
Figure 2011101811698100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
肌酐(CR)
本发明提供的以肌酐为催化剂进行乳酸、乙醇酸直接共缩聚合成生物医用降解材料聚乳酸-乙醇酸的工艺方法的步骤如下:
第1、寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸OLGA的合成
以摩尔比为1:1的质量含量为85%的工业级乳酸水溶液LA和质量含量为95%的乙醇酸GA为共聚单体,首先合成重均分子量Mw =200~400的寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸(乳酸乙醇酸的低聚物);
工艺条件:在反应釜中装入乳酸和乙醇酸,重复抽真空—充氩气操作三次后,在氩气氛及常压下加热至130~150℃,脱水反应1~3小时;然后将反应釜减压至100 Torr在130~150 ℃下反应1~3小时;最后将反应釜减压至30 Torr在130~150℃下反应1~3小时;
合成反应式:
Figure 768856DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
第2、聚乳酸-乙醇酸PLGA的合成
以第1步合成的寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸LGA为原料、以肌酐为催化剂、在减压下进行本体熔融缩聚,合成得到高度生物安全性的生物医用降解性聚乳酸-乙醇酸;
合成反应工艺条件及操作方法是:向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸、催化剂肌酐,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264,将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至150~190℃反应96~170小时,得到聚乳酸-乙醇酸;
合成反应式:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
本发明方法所合成的聚乳酸-乙醇酸重均分子量为1.8~17.7×104。并且聚合物可按实际要求的分子量在上述分子量范围内通过控制聚合反应时间进行合成。
本发明方法合成的聚乳酸-乙醇酸不含有任何金属及其它有毒成分,可用作植入性硬组织修复材料、手术缝合线、靶向及控释药物载体。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
1. 所用催化剂具有高度生物相容性、生物安全性; 
2. 合成产物聚乳酸-乙醇酸具有优良的生物相容性和生物降解性,不含有任何金属及其他毒性成分。
3. 合成产物聚乳酸-乙醇酸重均分子量可在1.8~17.7×104范围内调控;
4. 采用绿色催化剂和绿色工艺(不使用任何溶剂、无有毒产物生成),合成绿色(高度生物安全性)生物医用降解材料聚乳酸-乙醇酸;
5. 原料成本低廉、工艺操作简便,易于工业化实施。
具体实施方式:
实施例1——寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
在反应釜中装入45g质量含量为85%的工业级乳酸水溶液LA、38g质量含量为95%的乙醇酸GA,重复抽真空——充氩气操作三次后,在氩气氛及常压下加热至130 ℃,脱水反应3小时。然后将反应釜减压至100 Torr在130 ℃下反应3小时。最后将反应釜减压至30 Torr在130 ℃下反应3小时,得到寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸OLGA,重均分子量为220。
实施例2——寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
在反应釜中装入45g质量含量为85%的工业级乳酸水溶液LA、38g质量含量为95%的乙醇酸GA重复抽真空——充氩气操作三次后,在氩气氛及常压下加热至150 ℃,脱水反应1小时。然后将反应釜减压至100 Torr在150 ℃下反应1小时。最后将反应釜减压至30 Torr在150 ℃下反应1小时,得到寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸OLGA,重均分子量为280。
实施例3——寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
在反应釜中装入45g质量含量为85%的工业级乳酸水溶液LA、38g质量含量为95%的乙醇酸GA重复抽真空——充氩气操作三次后,在氩气氛及常压下加热至140 ℃,脱水反应2小时。然后将反应釜减压至100 Torr在140 ℃下反应2小时。最后将反应釜减压至30 Torr在140 ℃下反应2小时,得到寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸OLGA,重均分子量为400。
实施例4——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264,将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至190℃反应40小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率85.9%,聚合物重均分子量为1.83×104
实施例5——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至170℃反应48小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率85.0%,聚合物重均分子量为1.86×104
实施例6——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至150℃反应54小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率87.4%,聚合物重均分子量为1.80×104
实施例7——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至190℃反应124小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率85.1%,聚合物重均分子量为7.12×104
实施例8——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸、70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至170℃反应132小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率85.6%,聚合物重均分子量为7.08×104
实施例9——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至150℃反应150小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率86.2%,聚合物重均分子量为7.07×104
实施例10——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至190℃反应154小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率84.7%,聚合物重均分子量为17.7×104
实施例11——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至170℃反应160小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率84.5%,聚合物重均分子量为17.3×104
实施例12——聚乳酸-乙醇酸的合成
向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸70g、催化剂肌酐265mg,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264。将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至150℃反应169小时。停止反应后,将反应釜冷至室温,将聚合物用丙酮溶解,倒入0 ℃的乙醇中,减压过滤。所得产品在50 ℃下真空干燥36小时,得到白色固体,即得聚乳酸-乙醇酸,产率84.9%,聚合物重均分子量为17.0×104

Claims (2)

1.一种肌酐催化乳酸、乙醇酸共缩聚合成医用生物降解材料聚乳酸-乙醇酸的工艺方法,其特征在于该方法以人体内精氨酸代谢生成物肌酐CR为催化剂、工业级乳酸和乙醇酸为共聚单体、经本体无溶剂二阶共缩聚,得到高度生物安全性医用降解性聚乳酸-乙醇酸,具体合成步骤包括:
第1、寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸OLGA的合成
以摩尔比为1:1的工业级质量含量为85%的乳酸水溶液LA和质量含量为95%的乙醇酸GA为共聚单体,首先合成重均分子量Mw =200~400的寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸;
工艺条件:在反应釜中装入乳酸和乙醇酸,重复抽真空—充氩气操作三次后,在氩气氛及常压下加热至130~150℃,脱水反应1~3小时;然后将反应釜减压至100 Torr在130~150 ℃下反应1~3小时;最后将反应釜减压至30 Torr在130~150℃下反应1~3小时;
合成反应式:
第2、聚乳酸-乙醇酸PLGA的合成
以第1步合成的寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸OLGA为原料、以肌酐为催化剂、在减压下进行本体熔融缩聚,合成得到高度生物安全性的生物医用降解性聚乳酸-乙醇酸;
合成反应工艺条件及操作方法是:向反应釜加入寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸、催化剂肌酐,控制寡聚乳酸-乙醇酸与肌酐的质量比为264,将反应釜减压至10 Torr,升温至150~190℃反应96~170小时,得到聚乳酸-乙醇酸;
合成反应式:
Figure 885418DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所合成的聚乳酸-乙醇酸重均分子量为1.8~17.7×104,并且聚合物可按实际要求的分子量在上述分子量范围内通过控制聚合反应时间进行合成。
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