CN102279179B - Device for researching crop canopy ammonia exchange in situ at farmland and monitoring method - Google Patents
Device for researching crop canopy ammonia exchange in situ at farmland and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102279179B CN102279179B CN 201110081533 CN201110081533A CN102279179B CN 102279179 B CN102279179 B CN 102279179B CN 201110081533 CN201110081533 CN 201110081533 CN 201110081533 A CN201110081533 A CN 201110081533A CN 102279179 B CN102279179 B CN 102279179B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for researching crop canopy ammonia exchange in situ at a farmland and a monitoring method. The device comprises an air-proof cultivation cover and a dilute acid carrier, wherein an air inlet pipe is arranged on the side wall, close to the zero depth, of the cultivation cover; an air exhaust hole is formed in the top of the cultivation cover; the air exhaust hole is connected with a vacuum pump; and brackets for fixing the dilute acid carrier are arranged at the ends, close to the zero depth and the air exhaust hole, in the cultivation cover respectively. The diameter and the height of a growth box of the device can be adjusted according to the size and the height of a monitored plant; and dilute acid for soaking sponge can be phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. By the device and the monitoring method, canopy ammonia exchange of farmland crops in a vigorous growing stage (particularly after fertilization) and ammonia emission of the farmland crops in a growing later stage can be researched; during monitoring, humiture in the cover is almost the same as the humiture in a natural environment, so mists in the cover are avoided and influence on growth of rice can be prevented; therefore, the repeatability of rice is high and the variation coefficient is generally less than or equal to 10 percent; and the device is easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant canopy ammonia exchange monitoring technical field in the agricultural production, be specifically related to a kind of device and monitoring method of field original position research crop canopies ammonia exchange.
Background technology
Along with world economy and explosive growth of population; Artificial active nitrogen discharging is sharply risen; The agricultural production activity causes a large amount of ammonia to get into atmosphere; The rising of ammonia concentration has caused a series of ecological environment problem, reduces and greenhouse effect like body eutrophication, alga eruption, soil acidification, bio-diversity.The farmland is an important emission source of ammonia in the atmosphere, and ammonia volatilization is that chemical fertilizer applies important lost approach behind the farmland, and gaseous ammonia also can be used as the nitrogen nutrition of plant simultaneously; Plant canopy occupies core status in the biological earth circulation of ammonia, it can absorb airborne ammonia, also can in air, discharge ammonia; It is an important terminal of gaseous ammonia; Yet, can exchange by in-situ monitoring canopy ammonia in the field in the international and domestic method that does not also have to be fit to, this has not only hindered the scientific evaluation of chemical fertilizer loss and farmland atmosphere pollution; Also have influence on the formulation of the relevant agronomic measures of energy-saving and emission-reduction and high-yield and high-efficiency; Various circles of society generally pay attention to and in the effort solution, therefore, the exchange of in-situ monitoring field-crop canopy ammonia seems particularly important in the field to adopt reasonable method though these problems have obtained.
The method of present existing research canopy ammonia exchange comprises: (1) leaf chamber method; Promptly place plant leaf blade in the very little chamber; The people is the factor of controling environment; Judge blade ammonia exchange capacity through the variation of ammonia concentration, this mechanism and influence factor for research ammonia exchange is suitable, but to apply fertilizer especially that the ammonia exchange of field-crop studies be helpless for being grown in plant in the physical environment; (2) micrometeorology method; It is the external farmland emission intensity research method that adopts usually; But this method all has very strict requirement to the stability of meteorological condition, the homogeneity and the mensuration area (greater than 1 hectare) of surrounding environment, and instrument and equipment is expensive, and of paramount importance is the emission intensity amount that the micrometeorology method can only be measured total system; Can not distinguish the contribution of soil and canopy, still be black box for the ammonia exchange capacity of canopy; (3) confined chamber method; The ammonia loss by volatilization research of present domestic farmland adopts this method, but present confined chamber is very little, can not be included canopy; What in fact measure is the emission intensity on agricultural land soil surface, powerless equally for the farmland emission intensity research evaluation that canopy is participated in.Therefore, existent method or can't study the ammonia exchange of canopy separately, or can not original position carry out in the field.Defective to existent method exists through constantly groping and attempting, proposes and should invent, and makes the field original position research of crop canopies ammonia exchange be achieved.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that is solved: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device and monitoring method of studying the exchange of plant canopy ammonia, be particularly useful for field-crop canopy ammonia exchange monitoring.
Technical scheme:For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following: the device of field original position research crop canopies ammonia exchange; Comprise airtight culture hood and diluted acid carrier, culture hood is provided with draft tube near the sidewall on the face of land, and the culture hood top is provided with vent port; Vent port is connected with vacuum pump, the interior support that is used for fixing the diluted acid carrier that is respectively equipped with near face of land end with near the exhaust nose end of culture hood.Lateral wall is provided with thermometer and hygrometer in the said culture hood.Said diluted acid carrier is a sponge.The size of said diluted acid carrier is identical with the cross-sectional area of culture hood.The connecting pipe of said vent port and vacuum pump is provided with flowmeter.Said diluted acid is orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or oxalic acid.Said culture hood lower end is PVC, and the upper end is a transparent organic glass, and the two seals with gummed paper when measuring the ammonia exchange.Said diluted acid carrier and plant contact part are isolated by vinyon.
The monitoring method of the device of field original position research crop canopies ammonia exchange, step is: when carrying out ammonia exchange monitoring in certain stage of plant growth, with the preprepared carrier that is soaked with diluted acid; Be placed on respectively on the lower bracket of A group culture hood on the upper bracket with the culture hood of B group, the plant of A group is in the middle of carrier, and contact portion is isolated with vinyon; Then the open vacuum pump is bled; Humiture inside and outside the maintenance growth is approaching and guarantee that no fog produces in the growth, sets up the time of bleeding according to the research needs, after the end of bleeding; Take off culture hood; Two groups carriers are extracted through the deionized water concussion, adopt the ammonia amount of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and indophenol blue colorimetric method for determining absorption, can draw canopy ammonia exchange capacity in this time period.
Beneficial effect:
The device and the monitoring method of the research plant canopy ammonia exchange that the inventor proposes; Make the field original position research of crop canopies ammonia exchange be achieved, overcome micrometeorology method and confined chamber method and can not distinguish this shortcoming of the contribution of plant canopy in the emission intensity of farmland.
The diameter of the growth among the present invention can and highly be adjusted according to the size of monitoring plant with height, and the diluted acid that soaks into sponge can be orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid.The present invention not only can study the canopy ammonia exchange of field-crop growth animated period (especially fertilising back), can also study the emission intensity in plant growth later stage.No significant difference in interior humiture of cover and the physical environment does not have fog basically and produces during the monitoring in the cover, does not influence paddy growth, result's good reproducibility, and the coefficient of variation generally is no more than 10%, and device is operation easily.
Use this systems approach to carry out study on monitoring widely, propose the agronomic measures of the agriculture atmosphere-water pollution of practicable minimizing, increase fertilizer efficiency on this basis, serve modern agricultural development the crops under variety classes and the planting patterns.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is: adopt the present invention to monitor the absorption synoptic diagram of fertilising back, rice field rice canopy to soil table volatilization ammonia.
Fig. 2 is: apparatus of the present invention structural representation, and A is used to monitor the soil surface emission intensity among the figure; B is used for soil-canopy system emission intensity: 1 draft tube; 2 supports; 3 diluted acid carriers; 4 humiture analyzers; 5 flowmeters; 6 vacuum pumps.
Embodiment
Below the beneficial effect introducing realization of the present invention and brought through specific embodiments, but protection domain of the present invention is not constituted any qualification.
Embodiment 1
The device of field original position research crop canopies ammonia exchange; Comprise airtight culture hood and diluted acid carrier 3; Culture hood is provided with draft tube 1 near the sidewall on the face of land; The culture hood top is provided with vent port, and vent port is connected with vacuum pump 6, the interior support 2 that is used for fixing diluted acid carrier 3 that is respectively equipped with near face of land end with near the exhaust nose end of culture hood.Lateral wall is provided with thermometer and hygrometer in the culture hood.The diluted acid carrier is a sponge.The size of diluted acid carrier is identical with the cross-sectional area of culture hood.The connecting pipe of vent port and vacuum pump is provided with flowmeter (5).Diluted acid is orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or oxalic acid.The culture hood lower end is PVC, and the upper end is a transparent organic glass, and the two seals with gummed paper when measuring the ammonia exchange.Diluted acid carrier and plant contact part are isolated by vinyon.
Embodiment 2
The monitoring method of the device of field original position research crop canopies ammonia exchange is when carrying out ammonia exchange monitoring in certain stage of plant growth, with the preprepared carrier that is soaked with diluted acid; Be placed on respectively on the lower bracket of A group culture hood on the upper bracket with the culture hood of B group, the plant of A group is in the middle of carrier, and contact portion is isolated with vinyon; Then the open vacuum pump is bled; Humiture inside and outside the maintenance growth is approaching and guarantee that no fog produces in the growth, sets up the time of bleeding according to the research needs, after the end of bleeding; Take off culture hood; Two groups carriers are extracted through the deionized water concussion, adopt the ammonia amount of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and indophenol blue colorimetric method for determining absorption, can draw canopy ammonia exchange capacity in this time period.
Embodiment 3
Monitoring instance: rice terrace fertilising back rice canopy ammonia exchange study on monitoring
With rice cultivating in the PVC cylinder that diameter is 30cm, placing into the soil in the lower part, bassets in top; It is the air intake opening of 3cm that there is a diameter cylinder top; Be divided into two groups; Wherein one group is used to monitor the soil surface emission intensity, at the embedded stainless steel stent of PVC cylinder, can place the sponge (being called for short the A group) that is adsorbed with diluted acid on it; Another group is used for soil-canopy system emission intensity (being called for short the B group), and the difference of the ammonium amount of the two absorption promptly is the ammonia exchange capacity of canopy, absorbs gaseous ammonia on the occasion of the expression canopy, and negative value is represented canopy discharging ammonia.
The Sheng phase of tillering behind rice transplanting topdresses, and rate of fertilizer application is 6 kg N/ mus, and the periodic monitor rice canopy ammonia every day exchange of fertilising back continues to measure approaching until volatile quantity and background value.Concrete grammar is: (sponge thickness 2cm, diluted acid are sulfuric acid, and concentration is 0.01mol/L with the preprepared sponge that is soaked with diluted acid; Sponge water cut 30%) be placed on respectively on the stainless steel stent of A group on the support with the growth top of B group, the plant of A group is in the middle of sponge, and contact portion is isolated with vinyon; There is the circular organic glass growth of a gas outlet to cover on PVC cylinder top at the top then; The growth height is 100cm, and the humiture analyzer is housed inside and outside it, and growth is identical with PVC drum diameter; With being about to two parts through the gummed paper sealing; Then the open vacuum pump is bled, the valve control through flowmeter keep inside and outside the growth humiture near and guarantee that no fog produces in the growth, each growth extraction flow was 30 L/min during this tested.
Set up the time of bleeding according to the research needs, suitably shorten when the temperature high humility is big and bleed the time, paddy rice is selected half an hour; Close vacuum pump afterwards, take off growth, two groups sponge is taken back the laboratory; Sponge is extracted through the deionized water concussion; Adopt the ammonia amount of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and indophenol blue colorimetric method for determining sponge absorption,, can draw canopy ammonia exchange capacity in this time period through calculating.The difference of the ammonia amount that soil and soil-canopy system is adsorbed promptly is the ammonia exchange capacity of canopy in this time period.
The exchange of in-situ monitoring crop canopies ammonia is feasible to the method that this invention proposes in the field, and no significant difference in humiture and the physical environment does not influence paddy growth in during monitoring, covering, result's good reproducibility, and device is operation easily.Accompanying drawing 1 promptly is the experimental result of this monitoring instance, and after the result showed to topdress in the rice field, under all consistent prerequisite of other conditions, the emission intensity of soil-water-canopy system proved that far below soil-water system emission intensity the ammonia that rice canopy overflows native face has remarkable absorption; The ammonia volatilization of soil-water surface mainly occurred in the week after the fertilising, and peak value appears at the 3rd day after the fertilising, and in this week age, canopy has absorbed 54% of soil-water surface volatilization ammonia.These have given new inspiration and research point of penetration to deeply being familiar with intensification farmland ecosystem loss of nitrogen fertilizer with the relevant resistance control means of formulation.
Claims (1)
1. utilize the method for the device monitoring crop canopies ammonia exchange of field original position research crop canopies ammonia exchange, this device comprises airtight culture hood and diluted acid carrier (3), and culture hood is provided with draft tube (1) near the sidewall on the face of land; The culture hood top is provided with vent port, and vent port is connected with vacuum pump (6), the interior support (2) that is used for fixing diluted acid carrier (3) that is respectively equipped with near face of land end with near the exhaust nose end of culture hood; Lateral wall is provided with thermometer and hygrometer in the said culture hood, and said diluted acid carrier is a sponge, and the size of said diluted acid carrier is identical with the cross-sectional area of culture hood; The connecting pipe of said vent port and vacuum pump is provided with flowmeter (5), and said diluted acid carrier and crop contact portion are isolated by vinyon, and said diluted acid is orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or oxalic acid; Said culture hood lower end is PVC, and the upper end is the transparent organic glass growth, and the two seals with gummed paper when measuring the ammonia exchange; It is characterized in that step is: carry out ammonia when monitoring exchange in certain stage of plant growth, with the preprepared diluted acid carrier that is soaked with diluted acid, be placed on respectively A group culture hood near on the end support of the face of land with the culture hood of B group near on the vent port end support; The crop of A group is in the middle of the diluted acid carrier; Contact portion is isolated with vinyon, and then the open vacuum pump is bled, and the humiture inside and outside the maintenance growth is approaching and guarantee that no fog produces in the growth; Set up the time of bleeding according to the research needs; Bleed after the end, take off culture hood, two groups diluted acid carriers are extracted through the deionized water concussion; Adopt the ammonia amount of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and indophenol blue colorimetric method for determining absorption, can draw canopy ammonia exchange capacity in this time period.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110081533 CN102279179B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Device for researching crop canopy ammonia exchange in situ at farmland and monitoring method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110081533 CN102279179B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Device for researching crop canopy ammonia exchange in situ at farmland and monitoring method |
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| CN102279179A CN102279179A (en) | 2011-12-14 |
| CN102279179B true CN102279179B (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103245536A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-14 | 杨铁钊 | Device for collecting ammonia volatilized from plant leaf and detection method of device |
| TWI487481B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-06-11 | Univ Nat Central | System for culturing nannochloropsis oculata |
| CN108896738A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of method that can automatically continuously measure farmland ammonia volatilization |
| CN115589821A (en) * | 2022-09-18 | 2023-01-13 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所（Cn） | Device and method for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by rice canopy to utilization rate of additional fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101907566A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-12-08 | 青岛农业大学 | Method and device for measuring photosynthesis, breath and transpiration of plant canopy or/and breath and evaporation of soil |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101907566A (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-12-08 | 青岛农业大学 | Method and device for measuring photosynthesis, breath and transpiration of plant canopy or/and breath and evaporation of soil |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 徐胜光 等.开花结实期水稻叶际气态氮化物交换的初步研究.《作物学报》.2009,第35卷(第2期),375-380. * |
| 王朝辉 等.植物地上部分的氨挥发及其测定.《第七届全国青年土壤暨第二届全国青年植物营养科学工作者学术讨论会论文集》.2000,第251页第15-35行,图1. * |
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