CN115589821A - Device and method for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by rice canopy to utilization rate of additional fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer - Google Patents
Device and method for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by rice canopy to utilization rate of additional fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 25
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
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- VRZJGENLTNRAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]iminonaphthalen-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1 VRZJGENLTNRAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-OUBTZVSYSA-N Ammonia-15N Chemical compound [15NH3] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
A device and a method for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by a rice canopy to the utilization rate of a top dressing nitrogen fertilizer in a field comprise two groups of rice planting micro-areas, wherein each micro-area is provided with a tubular structure with two open ends, one end of the tubular structure is inserted into surface soil, rice grows in the tubular structure, and a group of micro-areas A are connected with a transparent cylinder with two open ends on the tubular structure after top dressing; and the other group of micro-areas B are respectively sleeved with a transparent conical isolation bag on each hole of rice plant after topdressing. According to the method, the utilization rate of the fertilizer nitrogen of the rice plants of two groups of research units and the difference between the utilization rates can be accurately quantified, the comprehensive nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of a rice root-canopy system and the contribution of root absorption and canopy absorption to the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate can be accurately quantified, the amount of the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface after the rice canopy absorbs the topdressing fertilizer of the rice field can be obtained, the contribution rate of the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface absorbed by the rice canopy to the rice topdressing nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate can be calculated, and the technical, method and theoretical support can be provided for scientifically and comprehensively evaluating the rice nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research on crop nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in agricultural production, and particularly relates to a device and a method for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by a rice canopy to additional fertilization nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in a field.
Background
The rice is one of three grain crops in China, and 60 percent of people use the riceAs staple food, the rice planting area in China accounts for 31 percent of the national grain planting area, the rice yield accounts for 34 percent of the grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer is an important guarantee for high and stable yield of rice, and the nitrogen application amount of the unit area of the rice field in China is far higher than the average nitrogen application amount of the rice field in the world. According to the rule of nitrogen demand of rice, nitrogen fertilizer is generally applied to rice fields for 2-4 times, including 1 time of base fertilizer and 1-3 times of top dressing, wherein the top dressing generally accounts for 60-70%, the temperature is high during the nitrogen application period of the rice fields, the top dressing method is broadcasting application, and the risk of volatilization and escape of the fertilizer nitrogen from water on the rice fields after the fertilizer is applied is high. Scientific assessment of the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields is one of the most important indexes for measuring economic benefits and environmental effects of different fertilization technical modes, and the direct method for researching the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields is to adopt a field micro-area combined with a stable isotope 15 N tracer technique, at present 15 When the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the rice field is researched by the N tracing method, 15 the N micro-areas are connected with the plants of the surrounding cells into a whole, and the default rice plants absorb fertilizer nitrogen through root systems and neglect possible contribution of the overground part of canopy. However, when the rice is topdressed and fertilized, a canopy with a certain coverage degree is formed in the rice field, for example, when the rice is fertilized for a booting stage and the flower-keeping stage, the rice is sealed, actually, the overground part of the canopy of the rice is an open system, the leaves can exchange with various active nitrides (mainly gaseous ammonia) in the air, when the ammonia concentration in the air is higher than the ammonia compensation point in the leaves, the leaves absorb the ammonia in the air, the research has proved that the ammonia compensation point of the leaves is as low as 0.6-10ppb, the ammonia concentration is far lower than the ammonia concentration of several hundred ppb in the air around the topdressing stage of the rice after the topdressing stage, theoretically, the overground part of the canopy of the rice can be presumed to have the possibility of absorbing fertilizer ammonia volatilized from the water surface after the topdressing stage, and the canopy of the rice can absorb a part of the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface, thereby influencing the evaluation of the actual nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the rice plants.
However, no corresponding method and device are available at present for accurately quantifying the absorption of the overground part of the rice canopy on the volatilized nitrogen after topdressing and the contribution of the canopy absorption on the utilization rate of the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, so that the comprehensive nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the whole root-canopy system of the rice cannot be determined, the respective contributions of the rice root system and the canopy absorption on the fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate cannot be distinguished, and if the contribution of the rice canopy on the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized on the water surface is not clearly absorbed, the screening and evaluation of different fertilization technical modes of the rice field and the formulation of fertilization policies are influenced. Aiming at the defects of the existing water research method, the invention is provided through continuous groping and trial, so that the comprehensive nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of a rice root-crown system is researched in situ in the field, the respective contributions of the root system and the crown absorption to the nitrogen utilization rate of the fertilizer are accurately distinguished, and theoretical and technical supports are provided for perfecting and breaking through the evaluation of the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a device and a method for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by rice canopy to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in field, which can completely evaluate actual utilization rate of the whole root-canopy system of rice to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, determine absorption amount of the rice canopy to the water surface volatile nitrogen after topdressing, accurately quantify respective contribution rate of rice root system absorption and canopy absorption to the rice nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and have important significance for scientifically evaluating sources and contribution rates of different sources of the rice plant nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, guiding reasonable application of the rice field nitrogen fertilizer, formulating scientific and reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management measures and fertilization modes, improving the rice field nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the emission of active nitrogen pollution in the rice field. The method not only can solve the theoretical problem of a method for objectively evaluating the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer for the rice, is beneficial to the improvement and breakthrough of scientific theoretical research, but also can guide the practical production and is used for making or screening a green, efficient and environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer management technical scheme for the rice field.
The technical scheme is as follows: a device for researching contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by a rice canopy to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in a field comprises two groups of rice planting micro-areas, wherein each micro-area is provided with a tubular structure with two open ends, one end of the tubular structure is inserted into surface soil, rice grows in the tubular structure, and a group of micro-areas A are connected with a transparent cylinder with two open ends on the tubular structure after topdressing; and the other group of micro-areas B are respectively sleeved with transparent isolation bags on rice plants in each hole after topdressing.
Preferably, the tubular structure is a white PVC cylinder with the thickness of 1cm, the height of 50cm, the sharp bottom, penetrates through the bottom of the paddy field plough base layer, is inserted into surface soil by 38cm, the upper part of the tubular structure is 12cm higher than the soil surface, and is inserted into the soil layer one week before the test is started.
Preferably, the transparent cylinder is a transparent organic glass cylinder, the diameter of the transparent organic glass cylinder is equal to that of the tubular structure, the height of the transparent organic glass cylinder is 30-60cm, the transparent organic glass cylinder is adjusted according to the height of rice plants during topdressing, and the purpose is to prevent water surface in the A group of micro-areas from volatilizing 15 N-labeled gaseous fertilizer nitrogen and non-volatile nitrogen in water surface of field around micro-area 15 The cross absorption of the rice canopy occurs between the N-labeled gaseous fertilizer nitrogen.
Preferably, the junction of the tubular structure and the transparent cylinder is sealed with a transparent sealing tape.
Preferably, the conical isolation bag is in an inverted triangular conical shape, the two ends of the conical isolation bag are open, the diameter of the bottom opening is 5-6cm, the diameter of the top opening is 20-30cm, the height of the conical isolation bag is 30-60cm, the specification of the conical isolation bag is adjusted according to the size of a rice plant, the conical isolation bag is made of transparent polypropylene BOPP glassfiber, and the purpose is to ensure that a rice canopy in a group B micro-area cannot absorb volatile substances from the water surface of the micro-area 15 N marks fertilizer nitrogen, and simultaneously does not influence the normal growth of rice and the soil-water system in a root system absorption micro-area 15 N marks the nitrogen fertilizer.
Preferably, the inverted triangular pyramid-shaped isolation bag is tied with cotton ropes for each hole of rice plants before installation, and the cotton ropes are removed immediately after the isolation bag is sleeved.
Preferably, the transparent cylinder and the conical isolation bag are installed immediately after top dressing application until NH is in the surface water of the paddy rice planting micro-area 4 + NH of land surface water with concentration and no application of nitrogen fertilizer 4 + Taking down when the concentration is not different.
Preferably, a thermometer is arranged in the planting micro-area.
The device is applied to the field calculation of the utilization rate of the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer by the water surface volatile nitrogen after the rice canopy absorbs the topdressing.
The application method comprises the following steps: two groups of rice planting micro-area rice topdressing adopts stable isotope 15 N marker nitrogen fertilizer, the marker nitrogen fertilizer is urea (CO) ((CO)) 15 NH 2 ) 2 ) Or ammonium sulfate (, ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 )， 15 The N abundance is 10-20atom%; no N is left in the water of the field surface in the micro-areaH 4 + When the detection is carried out, the organic glass cylinder and the isolation bag are taken down; sampling all parts of rice plants in late growth stage or maturity of rice, and determining dry matter weight and nitrogen content of each part of rice plants in two groups of rice planting micro-areas 15 N abundance, obtaining fertilizer nitrogen absorption amount and fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate of rice plants in two groups of micro-areas, wherein the fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate of the rice plants in the micro-area A comprises two sources, namely fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by root systems and volatile fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by canopy layers; the utilization rate of the fertilizer nitrogen of the paddy rice in the micro-area B only has one source, namely the fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by the root system, so that the difference between the two is that the canopy of the paddy rice absorbs the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface, and the respective contribution rates of the root system absorption and the canopy absorption to the utilization rate of the additional fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer of the paddy rice are obtained; the above relates to the calculation formulas (1) to (6):
(1) The fertilizer nitrogen amount absorbed by the rice micro-area plants in the group A = the fertilizer nitrogen amount absorbed by roots from a soil-field surface water system + the fertilizer nitrogen amount volatilized by canopy water surface absorbed from surrounding air;
(2) The nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants in the group B = the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by roots from a soil-field surface water system
(3) The nitrogen amount of the fertilizer volatilized from the water surface absorbed by the rice canopy = the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants of the group A-the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants of the group B
(4)
The nitrogen absorption amount of the fertilizer and the nitrogen utilization rate of the fertilizer of the rice plants in the rice planting micro-area are respectively calculated by adopting the following formulas:
(5)
the sum of the nitrogen absorption of the fertilizer of each part of the rice is the total nitrogen absorption of the fertilizer of the whole rice plant, the total nitrogen concentration of the rice plant is determined by adopting a Kjeldahl method, and the plant sample 15 The N abundance was determined using an isotope mass spectrometer. Not applying in rice field 15 N markOf rice plants with nitrogen fertilizer 15 N abundance as plants 15 The N abundance is the background value, and the difference is 15 Atomic percent (%) of N-labeled sample; the atomic percent of the fertilizer nitrogen is more than (%) that of the fertilizer nitrogen 15 Difference of N abundance from natural abundance 0.366%:
(6)
has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for accurately quantifying the comprehensive utilization rate RE of fertilizer nitrogen of the whole rice root-crown system after rice topdressing under the field in-situ environmental condition r-c Utilization rate RE of fertilizer nitrogen contributed by root system absorption r And contribution RE of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by rice canopy to fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate c The device and the method can accurately distinguish fertilizer nitrogen in a rice root system absorption soil-water system from water surface volatilization nitrogen absorbed by the rice canopy, determine contribution degree of the fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by the rice canopy at different topdressing periods to the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and guide and formulate a proper rice field fertilization strategy. The method can be used for evaluating the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate source and proportion of the rice after topdressing in different growth periods, quantifies the contribution degree of two ways of root absorption and canopy absorption to the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate after topdressing in the rice field, provides theoretical basis and method technical support for scientific and comprehensive evaluation of the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the rice in the rice field, guides the rice to reasonably fertilize to improve the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the rice field, reduces the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of agricultural source active nitrogen to the atmosphere and water, and realizes the win-win green high-efficiency development target of grain safety and environmental quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of two sets of devices for studying the contribution of volatile nitrogen absorbed by rice canopies to the utilization rate of additional fertilizer nitrogen fertilizers;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the isolation bags after the top dressing of the group B paddy rice microcells;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the ambient temperature outside the morning and afternoon, the center of the organic glass cylinder and the temperature inside the inverted triangular conical isolation bag on day 2 after the application of the panicle fertilizer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the study of the absorption capacity of the fertilizer nitrogen of rice plants in two groups of micro-areas after the application of the rice panicle fertilizer under field conditions and the contribution rate of the canopy directly absorbing the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface to the utilization rate of the panicle fertilizer;
the numerical designations in the drawings represent the following: 1. surface soil; 2. water on the surface of the field; 3. planting rice in micro area; 4. a transparent sealing tape; 5. an organic glass cylinder; 6. a rice plant; 7. a thermometer; 8. inverting the triangular conical isolation bag; 9. a field rice plant; 10. a cotton rope.
Detailed Description
The implementation of the invention and the advantageous effects thereof are further described below by means of specific embodiments.
Example 1
By taking the conventional method for researching the utilization rate of the rice top dressing nitrogen fertilizer as a reference, research on the contribution of the volatile nitrogen absorbed by the canopy to the utilization rate of the spike fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer after the rice pregnancy spike fertilizer is applied is carried out.
Transplanting the rice seedlings with the seedling age of 30 days in the last ten days of 6 months into a white PVC micro-area with the diameter of 40cm, burying the lower part of the micro-area into soil by 38cm and exposing the upper part of the micro-area out of the ground by 12cm. The rice base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer are respectively applied in 6 months and 15 days and 7 months and 1 day, and the nitrogen application amount is respectively 103kg N/hm 2 And 81kg N/hm 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is common urea, the ear fertilizer is applied in 8 months and 6 days, and the nitrogen application amount is 81kg N/hm 2 The nitrogen fertilizer variety is 20.15% abundant 15 And N marks urea. The nitrogen fertilizer applied in the micro-area corresponding to the traditional method and the method of the invention is completely consistent.
Traditional assays default to rice plants that absorb fertilizer nitrogen through the root system, ignoring potential contribution from the overground canopy. The method comprises 4 repeated rice micro-areas, wherein rice plants in the micro-areas are connected with plants in surrounding sub-areas into a whole, and volatile in the micro-areas 15 The N-marked gaseous nitrogen fertilizer can be absorbed by the canopy of the rice plant at the periphery of the micro-area, and meanwhile, the volatile nitrogen fertilizer is not generated in the field plot outside the micro-area 15 The N-labeled gaseous nitrogen fertilizer can also be absorbed by the canopy of the plants in the micro-area, and the method results in underestimation of the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the rice plants in the micro-area.
According to the apparatus and method of the present invention, the rice micro-regions are divided into two groups, each group being repeated4 times, one of the two groups of micro-areas (called group A for short) is used for researching the comprehensive utilization rate RE of the rice root-crown system on spike fertilizer nitrogen r-c Immediately connecting a transparent organic glass cylinder with the height of 50cm, the diameter of 40cm and two open ends with a PVC micro-area cylinder in a sealing way after the spike fertilizer is applied, and suspending a thermometer in the center of the organic glass cylinder; and the other group (called group B for short) is used for researching the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of the rice root system to the spike fertilizer, after the spike fertilizer is applied, each hole of rice is immediately sleeved into an inverted triangular conical polypropylene glass paper isolation bag with the bottom diameter of 6cm, the top diameter of 30cm and the height of 60cm, a thermometer is hung in the center of the isolation bag, and the external environment and the air temperatures in the organic glass cylinder and the conical isolation bag are recorded in the morning and the afternoon every day.
Sampling the water on the surface of the micro-area field 5 days after the spike fertilizer is applied, and detecting NH of the water 4 + The concentration is 2 mL each time, and the concentration is measured by an indophenol blue colorimetric method. 8 months and 13 days, NH in water of paddy field surface in each micro-area 4 + NH of land surface water with concentration and no application of nitrogen fertilizer 4 + The concentration is not different, and a transparent organic glass cylinder above the A group of micro-areas and a conical isolation bag outside each hole of rice plants in the B group of micro-areas are removed.
Sampling rice plants in all micro-areas in a rice grouting period, harvesting overground parts of rice close to soil, separating straws from grains, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for half an hour, and drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the drying weight of the rice straws and the grains in each micro-area; taking out 0-20cm of soil in all micro-areas, placing the soil in each micro-area separately, picking out all rice root systems in a soil layer, drying to constant weight at 70 ℃, determining the drying weight, grinding rice seeds, straws and root systems in each micro-area, determining the nitrogen content of each part of the rice plant by adopting a Kjeldahl method, and determining the nitrogen content of each part of the rice plant by adopting an isotope mass spectrometer 15 The N abundance.
Calculating the nitrogen absorption amount of the fertilizer of the rice micro-area plants in the group A, the nitrogen absorption amount of the fertilizer of the rice micro-area plants in the group B, the water surface volatile fertilizer nitrogen absorption amount of the rice canopy, the nitrogen utilization rate of the fertilizer of the rice micro-area plants in the group A, the nitrogen utilization rate of the fertilizer of the rice micro-area plants in the group B, the contribution rate of the fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by the root system to the utilization rate of the spike fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer, and the contribution rate of the water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by the rice canopy to the utilization rate of the spike fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer according to the following formulas (1) - (6). And (3) calculating the fertilizer nitrogen absorption amount and the topdressing utilization rate of the rice plants in the micro-area planted by the traditional method according to the formulas (5) to (6), wherein the fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate of the rice plants in the micro-area planted by the traditional method, namely the percentage of the fertilizer nitrogen absorption amount of the plants in the micro-area to the fertilizer nitrogen application amount is calculated, and the mutual absorption of the micro-area rice canopy and the micro-area outer rice canopy to the volatile nitrogen is not considered.
(1) The nitrogen amount of fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants in the group A = the nitrogen amount of fertilizer absorbed by roots from a soil-field surface water system + the nitrogen amount of fertilizer volatilized from water surface absorbed by canopy from air;
(2) The nitrogen amount of fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants in the group B = the nitrogen amount of fertilizer absorbed by root systems from soil-field surface water systems
(3) The nitrogen amount of the fertilizer volatilized from the water surface absorbed by the rice canopy = the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants of the group A-the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants of the group B
(4)
(5)
(6)
The method provided by the invention is feasible for researching the contribution of the rice canopy absorbing water surface volatile nitrogen to the utilization rate of the additional fertilization nitrogen fertilizer in the field in situ, the temperature of the transparent organic glass and the conical isolation bag is consistent with the environmental temperature during the monitoring period (figure 3), the growth of rice is not influenced, and the repeatability of the result is good. FIG. 4 is the experimental result of this research example, and the result shows that the comprehensive nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio RE of the rice root-crown system after applying the rice spike fertilizer r-c The utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer RE is obviously higher than the absorption rate of the root system r Root absorption is the main way for rice to absorb nitrogen fertilizer, but secondary absorption of nitrogen in volatile fertilizer by the canopy contributes to the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer for plants. In thatIn the research example, the utilization rate of the panicle fertilizer of the rice measured by the traditional method is 56.5%, wherein the utilization rate comprises fertilizer nitrogen in a soil-field surface water system absorbed by root systems and a small part of fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface of the micro-area absorbed by rice canopies in the micro-area, but the volatile fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by the rice canopies outside the micro-area cannot be obtained. The comprehensive recovery rate of the fertilizer nitrogen of the rice root system and the rice canopy after the rice spike fertilizer is applied, which is determined by adopting the method and the device, is 63.6 percent, wherein the comprehensive recovery rate comprises two parts, namely 87 percent of the fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by the rice root system and 13 percent of the fertilizer nitrogen directly absorbed by the rice canopy. The researches provide new introduction and research points for deeply understanding theories and research methods for the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer of the rice and establishing related measures for improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The device for researching the contribution of water surface volatile nitrogen absorbed by the rice canopy to the utilization rate of the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is characterized by comprising two groups of rice planting micro-areas (3), wherein each micro-area is provided with a tubular structure with two open ends, one end of each tubular structure is inserted into surface soil (1), rice grows in the tubular structure, and a group of micro-areas A are connected with a transparent cylinder with two open ends on the tubular structure after topdressing; and another group of micro-areas B are respectively sleeved with transparent isolation bags on rice plants in each hole after topdressing.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tubular structure is a white PVC cylinder with a thickness of 1cm, a height of 50cm, a sharp bottom, penetrates the paddy field subsoil, is inserted into the topsoil by 38cm, has an upper portion 12cm above the soil surface, and is inserted into the soil one week before the start of the test.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent cylinder is a transparent plexiglas cylinder (5) of equal diameter and height of 30-60cm with respect to the tubular structure, which is adjusted according to the height of the rice plant (6) during top dressing.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the junction of the tubular structure and the transparent cylinder is sealed with a transparent sealing tape (4).
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the isolation bag is an inverted triangular pyramid isolation bag (8) which is open at two ends, 5-6cm in diameter at the bottom, 20-30cm in diameter at the top and 30-60cm in height, is adjusted according to the size of a rice plant and is made of transparent polypropylene BOPP cellophane.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inverted triangular pyramidal isolation bag (8) is tied with cotton string (10) for each hole of rice plant before installation and is removed immediately after being inserted into the isolation bag.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent cylinder and the conical isolation bag are installed immediately after the top dressing application to NH in the surface water (2) of the paddy rice planting micro-area 4 + No-nitrogen fertilizer-application blank land water NH 4 + Taking down when the concentration is not different.
8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a thermometer (7) is provided in the planting micro-area.
9. Use of the device of any one of claims 1-8 in field calculations of the utilization rate of top dressing nitrogen fertilizer by water surface nitrogen after top dressing absorption by rice canopies.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the two groups of rice planting micro-areas are topdressed with stable isotope 15 N marker nitrogen fertilizer, the marker nitrogen fertilizer is urea (CO: (CO) (R)) 15 NH 2 ) 2 ) Or ammonium sulfate (, ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 )， 15 The abundance of N is 10-20atom%; when no NH is contained in the water of the surface of the field in the micro-area 4 + When the detection is carried out, the organic glass cylinder and the isolation bag are taken down; sampling all parts of rice plants in late growth stage or maturity of rice, and determining dry matter weight and nitrogen content of each part of rice plants in two groups of rice planting micro-areas 15 N abundance, obtaining fertilizer nitrogen absorption amount and fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate of rice plants in two groups of micro-areas, wherein the fertilizer nitrogen utilization rate of the rice plants in the micro-area A comprises two sources, namely fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by root systems and volatile fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by canopy layers; the utilization rate of the fertilizer nitrogen of the paddy rice in the micro-area B only has one source, namely the fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by the root system, so that the difference between the two is that the canopy of the paddy rice absorbs the fertilizer nitrogen volatilized from the water surface, and the respective contribution rates of the root system absorption and the canopy absorption to the utilization rate of the additional fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer of the paddy rice are obtained; the above relates to the calculation formulas (1) to (6):
(1) The fertilizer nitrogen amount absorbed by the rice micro-area plants in the group A = the fertilizer nitrogen amount absorbed by roots from a soil-field surface water system + the fertilizer nitrogen amount volatilized from water surface absorbed by a canopy from air;
(2) The nitrogen amount of fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants in the group B = the nitrogen amount of fertilizer absorbed by root systems from a soil-field surface water system;
(3) The nitrogen amount of the fertilizer volatilized from the water surface absorbed by the rice canopy = the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants of the group A-the nitrogen amount of the fertilizer absorbed by the rice micro-area plants of the group B;
(4)
the nitrogen absorption amount of the fertilizer and the nitrogen utilization rate of the fertilizer of the rice plants in the rice planting micro-area are respectively calculated by adopting the following formulas: (5)
The sum of the nitrogen absorption of the fertilizer of each part of the rice is the total nitrogen absorption of the fertilizer of the whole rice plant, the total nitrogen concentration of the rice plant is determined by adopting a Kjeldahl method, and the plant sample 15 N abundance adoptedIsotope mass spectrometer determination. Not applying in rice field 15 Of rice plants with N-labeled nitrogen fertilizer 15 N abundance as plants 15 The N abundance is the background value, and the difference is 15 Atomic percent (%) of N-labeled sample; the atomic percentage of fertilizer nitrogen exceeding (%) is that of fertilizer nitrogen 15 Difference of N abundance from natural abundance 0.366%:
(6)
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| CN102318466A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2012-01-18 | 南京农业大学 | Rice nitrogen topdressing regulation and control method based on nitrogen spectral index method |
| CN106941843A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-07-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice high yield diagnosis nitrogen fertilizer application method based on soil productivity and canopy spectra |
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| CN215530257U (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-01-18 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Device for researching absorption of atmospheric active nitrogen by rice plants |
| CN216961053U (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-07-15 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Visual pollen isolation bag |
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| CN102279179A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-12-14 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Device for researching crop canopy ammonia exchange in situ at farmland and monitoring method |
| CN102318466A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2012-01-18 | 南京农业大学 | Rice nitrogen topdressing regulation and control method based on nitrogen spectral index method |
| CN106941843A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-07-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice high yield diagnosis nitrogen fertilizer application method based on soil productivity and canopy spectra |
| CN107646270A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-02 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method for reducing double-ridged horn nitrogen volatilization loss |
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