CN110115142A - A kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data - Google Patents
A kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data Download PDFInfo
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- CN110115142A CN110115142A CN201910340121.3A CN201910340121A CN110115142A CN 110115142 A CN110115142 A CN 110115142A CN 201910340121 A CN201910340121 A CN 201910340121A CN 110115142 A CN110115142 A CN 110115142A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
Abstract
The farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data that the present invention relates to a kind of, comprising: before crop seeding, measure the available nutrient content in the soil sample of target area and remotely-sensed data, terrain data and meteorological data in the crop growth period；Readily available nutrient of soil inverting is carried out, the spatial distribution raster data of readily available nutrient of soil content in the target area before obtaining next season sowing；Fertilising dosage model is established, the spatial distribution raster data for generating the fertilising dosage for the available nutrient that next season sows preceding target area is calculated；Fertilising dosage is classified, and every grade of fertilising dosage is set as definite value；Vector data is converted by the fertilising dosage raster data after classification, is adjusted and cuts according to user arable land boundary, form the application date for every piece of arable land.The present invention carries out the inverting of soil nutrient using remote sensing technology, carries out variable fertilization in conjunction with GIS technology, can save production cost, improve production efficiency, while achieve the purpose that cultivated land protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to remote sensing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data.
Background technique
Currently, it in the variable fertilization technology of crops, is completed generally by Formula fertilization by soil testing, surveys soil and match
Native at high cost, a large amount of manpower and material resources of waste, but also poor in timeliness, meeting are not only surveyed in needs a large amount of support for surveying native data in side's
Increase production cost, it is difficult to a wide range of universal and application.
In recent years, with the development of the space technologies such as satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, Digital Agriculture technology has obtained huge
Promotion, remote sensing technique application also gradually rises in precision agriculture.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to solve the above technical problems, provides a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of farmland variable fertilization side based on remotely-sensed data
Method, comprising:
Before crop seeding, the available nutrient content in the soil sample of target area is measured, in the crop growth period, until
Each remote sensing image for obtaining the target area at crop growth initial stage, growth medium and growth latter stage less, according to described distant
Feel the remotely-sensed data of image capturing target area, while obtaining the terrain data and meteorology of crop growth period region of interest within
Data；
Based on the available nutrient data before the remotely-sensed data, terrain data, meteorological data and the sowing of measurement, soil is carried out
Earth available nutrient inverting obtains the spatial distribution grid number of readily available nutrient of soil content in the target area before sowing in next season
According to；
Fertilising dosage model is established, the spatial distribution raster data of the readily available nutrient of soil obtained according to inverting exists
The spatial distribution raster data for generating the fertilising dosage for the available nutrient that next season sows preceding target area is calculated in GIS；
Fertilising dosage is classified, and determines every grade of fertilising dosage；
Vector data is converted by the fertilising dosage raster data after classification, is adjusted and cuts out according to user arable land boundary
It cuts, forms the application date for every piece of arable land.
Further, the available nutrient includes available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus.
Further, the available nutrient content in the soil sample of target area is measured method particularly includes: in target area
Available nutrient in multiple sampled point acquisition soil sample measurement soil samples is chosen, and is averaged, the obtained average value
Available nutrient content as in the soil sample of target area.
Further, the remotely-sensed data includes vegetation index and leaf area index, and the terrain data is target area
The spatial distribution raster data of the gradient, when the meteorological data includes date, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine
Number, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and humidity.
Further, the spatial distribution raster data of the gradient of target area and acquisition methods are as follows: downloading DEM elevation
Data carry out resampling using GIS, are consistent its resolution ratio with the remote sensing image resolution ratio, and are calculated described
The spatial distribution raster data of the gradient.
Further, radiation calibration is carried out to the remote sensing image before obtaining the remotely-sensed data and atmospheric correction is handled.
Further, the fertilising dosage model are as follows:
Next season fertilising dosage=(crop yield * specific yield absorbs amount of nutrients)-(sows preceding soil next season
Available nutrient content * correction coefficient)/utilization rate of fertilizer, the correction coefficient be blank plot readily available nutrient of soil content with
The ratio of the readily available nutrient of soil content of crops is planted.
Further, the correction coefficient of the available nitrogen is 0.3~0.7, and the correction coefficient of available potassium is 0.5~0.85, is had
The correction coefficient for imitating phosphorus is 0.4~0.5.
Further, the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer is 30%~50%, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is 10%~30%, the utilization rate of potash fertilizer
It is 40%~70%.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention by using remote sensing technology carry out soil nutrient inverting, in conjunction with GIS skill
Art carries out variable fertilization, can save production cost, improve production efficiency, while achieve the purpose that cultivated land protection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Fertilization prescription chart of 2019 village Nian Lujia corn available nitrogens of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the Fertilization prescription chart of 2019 village Nian Lujia corn available phosphorus of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the Fertilization prescription chart of 2019 village Nian Lujia corn available potassiums of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, example is served only for solving
The present invention is released, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data that the present invention provides a kind of, comprising the following steps:
1, before crop seeding, the available nutrient content in the soil sample of target area is measured, in the crop growth period,
Each remote sensing image at least obtaining the target area at crop growth initial stage, growth medium and growth latter stage, according to described
Remote sensing image obtains the remotely-sensed data of target area, while the terrain data for obtaining crop growth period region of interest within is gentle
Image data.Specifically:
Before crop seeding, multiple sampled point acquisition soil samples are chosen in the farmland of target area, sampled point is as far as possible
Area comprising every kind of soil types and topography variation, general identical soil types one sampled point of every 100 mu or so selections,
The latitude coordinates and soil sample number, the soil sample of acquisition for recording each sampled point are taken back laboratory and are chemically examined, and measure in soil
Available nutrient content, the content including available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus, and by the available nitrogen of different sampled points, available potassium and
The content of available phosphorus is averaged to obtain the content of available nitrogen in soil, available potassium and available phosphorus respectively.Local agriculture is investigated simultaneously
The information such as growth cycle, Crops in Applying Fertilizer amount and the crop yield of crop are simultaneously recorded.
Remote sensing image downloading is carried out according to the growth cycle of crops and monitoring range, remote sensing image at least 3 width are protected as far as possible
Card is evenly distributed in crop growth initial stage, growth medium and growth latter stage, and it is fixed radiate to remote sensing image using ENVI5.3
Mark, atmospheric correction processing, and remote sensing image obtains the remote sensing including vegetation index and leaf area index according to treated
Data；
DEM altitude data is downloaded, carries out resampling using GIS, the resolution ratio for being allowed to resolution ratio and remote sensing image keeps one
It causes, the spatial distribution raster data of the gradient of target area is acquired using ArcGIS gradient calculating instrument；
Download the meteorological data of crop growth period region of interest within, including date, mean temperature, maximum temperature, most
Low temperature, sunshine time, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and humidity.
2, it based on the available nutrient data before the remotely-sensed data, terrain data, meteorological data and the sowing of measurement, carries out
Readily available nutrient of soil inverting obtains the spatial distribution grid number of readily available nutrient of soil content in the target area before sowing in next season
According to.
Wherein readily available nutrient of soil inverting carries out inverting (instead using the algorithm that WOFOST model is combined with remotely-sensed data assimilation
For details, reference can be made to paper " Meng Jihua, Cheng Zhiqiang, Wang Yiming, 2018, the soil of WOFOST model and remotely-sensed data assimilation for the algorithm drilled
Earth available nutrient inverting, remote sensing journal, 22 (4): 546-558 ").
3, fertilising dosage model is established, according to the spatial distribution grid number of every kind of available nutrient content of soil that inverting obtains
According to the spatial distribution grid number of the fertilising dosage for every kind of available nutrient for sowing preceding target area calculating generation next season in GIS
According to apply fertilizer dosage model are as follows:
Dosage=(crop yield * specific yield absorbs amount of nutrients)-of applying fertilizer (sows preceding Soil Available next season to support
Divide content * correction coefficient)/utilization rate of fertilizer, the correction coefficient is the readily available nutrient of soil content and plantation in blank plot
The ratio of the readily available nutrient of soil content of crops.Crop yield, that is, crops scheduled production, it should according to a upper season
Yield appropriate adjustment, it is different that Different Crop specific yield absorbs amount of nutrients, utilizes last decade China pertinent literature to summarize, China
Amount of nutrients (kg) reference that staple food crop production 100kg economic flow rate is absorbed see the table below 1.
The amount of nutrients that 1 staple food crop economic flow rate of table is absorbed
Different Crop correction coefficient is different, and there is also differences for same origin difference soil fertility condition, according to rice soil measurement with fertilizer
Apply fertilizer coherent reference file data, and the correction coefficient of Soil Available nitrogen is 0.3~0.7, and the correction coefficient of available phosphorus is 0.4~
0.5, the correction coefficient of available potassium is 0.5~0.85, should be adjusted in conjunction with concrete condition in actual mechanical process.
The utilization rate different zones of fertilizer are different, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer is 30%~50% under normal circumstances, phosphorus
The utilization rate of fertilizer is 10%~30%, and the utilization rate of potash fertilizer is 40%~70%.
4, fertilising dosage is classified, and determines every grade of fertilising dosage.
Classification should gather local actual conditions, be classified fertilising dosage using reclassify tool in GIS, for side
Every grade of dose is set as integer by just dosage.
5, convert vector data for the fertilising dosage raster data after classification, according to user plough boundary be adjusted and
It cuts, forms the application date for every piece of arable land.
6, the raster data after classification is changed into vector format using GIS, is modified in conjunction with actual conditions, adjustment merges
Then the minimum fertilising region of area is cut using user arable land boundary, forms the Fertilization prescription chart for every piece of arable land.
Embodiment 1
The present invention, using method of the invention, finally obtains arable soil by taking the environment in Tongyu County of Jilin Province village Lu Jia farmland as an example
Variable fertilization prescription map.
It is 10,000 mu that the village Lu Jia, which indulges cultivated area, according to the local situation, acquires soil sample, records each sampled point
Latitude coordinates and soil sample number, soil sample is taken back into laboratory and is tested, measures available nitrogen, available potassium in each sample respectively
It with the content of available phosphorus, and is averaged respectively, obtaining Soil Available nitrogen, available potassium, the content of available phosphorus is respectively 57.3,84
And 4.7mg/kg, by the investigation to the village Lu Jia, obtaining the main long-term cropping in the village is corn, and the crop growth period is May
The last ten-days period, former years per unit area yield was 550kg to by the end of September, was respectively as follows: available nitrogen 40%, available phosphorus 20%, available potassium using utilization rate of fertilizer
60%.
Remote sensing image is inquired and downloads, the present embodiment downloads high score No.1 WFV image, and resolution ratio is 16 meters, the image time
Respectively July 15, August 18 days, September 10th radiation calibration is carried out to image using ENVI5.3, atmospheric correction, just penetrates school
Just, geometric correction is handled, and is cut using vector scope；Local DEM altitude data is downloaded, is 16 using GIS resampling
Rice, is then cut using identical vector scope；The meteorological data of Tongyu County in late May, 2018 to late September is downloaded,
Data include date, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine time, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and humidity, benefit
It is arranged and is completed with excel.
By the readily available nutrient of soil content data before the remotely-sensed data, terrain data, meteorological data and the sowing that arrange completion
Inverting is carried out, the spatial distribution raster data of the readily available nutrient of soil before obtaining in May, 2019 sowing.
Fertilising dosage is calculated according to fertilising dosage model:
Dosage=(crop yield * specific yield absorbs amount of nutrients)-of applying fertilizer (sows preceding Soil Available next season to support
Divide * correction coefficient)/utilization rate of fertilizer, plan next year corn target with the communication of peasant household, the village Lu Jia in conjunction with former years per unit area yield situation
Yield is 600kg, according to rice absorbing amount of nutrients, determines available nitrogen, available potassium that every production 100kg corn absorbed, effectively
The content of phosphorus is respectively 2.85kg, 2.2kg, 0.7kg, and the correction coefficient of available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus is 0.65,0.8 and
0.5, which is 40%, potassium utilization rate 60%, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency 20%, according to the readily available nutrient of soil
Spatial distribution raster data and fertilising dosage model available nitrogen, quick-acting is calculated using raster symbol-base device tool in GIS
The amount of application raster data of every kind of fertilizer element of potassium and available phosphorus.
Dose is classified using the reclassify tool in GIS, classification should be in conjunction with local actual conditions, for convenience
Using every grade of dose being set as integer, available nitrogen, available potassium are respectively divided into 5 fertilising grades, and available phosphorus dose is due to becoming
Change very little, therefore is divided into 2 fertilising grades；
It is modified in conjunction with the village Lu Jia practical situations, adjustment merges the minimum fertilising region of area, then utilizes agriculture
Family arable land boundary is cut, and available nitrogen, available potassium and the effective phosphate fertilizer prescription map for every piece of arable land are formed.Wherein Fig. 1, figure
2 and Fig. 3 is respectively the Fertilization prescription chart of 2019 village Nian Lujia corn available nitrogens, available phosphorus and available potassium.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data, which is characterized in that including
Before crop seeding, the available nutrient content measured in the soil sample of target area at least obtains in the crop growth period
Each remote sensing image for taking the target area at crop growth initial stage, growth medium and growth latter stage, according to the remote sensing shadow
As obtaining the remotely-sensed data of target area, while obtaining the terrain data and meteorological number of crop growth period region of interest within
According to；
Based on the available nutrient data before the remotely-sensed data, terrain data, meteorological data and the sowing of measurement, soil speed is carried out
Nutrient inverting is imitated, the spatial distribution raster data of readily available nutrient of soil content in the target area before obtaining next season sowing；
Fertilising dosage model is established, the spatial distribution raster data of the readily available nutrient of soil content obtained according to inverting exists
The spatial distribution raster data for generating the fertilising dosage for the available nutrient that next season sows preceding target area is calculated in GIS；
Fertilising dosage is classified, and determines every grade of fertilising dosage；
Vector data is converted by the fertilising dosage raster data after classification, is adjusted and cuts according to user arable land boundary,
Form the application date for every piece of arable land.
2. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the speed
Imitating nutrient includes available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus.
3. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 2, which is characterized in that measurement mesh
Mark the available nutrient content in regional soil sample method particularly includes: multiple sampled point acquisition soil are chosen in target area
Available nutrient in sample measures soil sample, and be averaged, the obtained average value is in the soil sample of target area
Available nutrient content.
4. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described distant
Sense data include vegetation index and leaf area index, and the terrain data is the spatial distribution grid number of the gradient of target area
According to the meteorological data includes date, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine time, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind
Speed and humidity.
5. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 4, which is characterized in that target area
The acquisition methods of the spatial distribution raster data of the gradient in domain are as follows: downloading DEM altitude data carries out resampling using GIS,
It is consistent its resolution ratio with the remote sensing image resolution ratio, and the spatial distribution raster data of the gradient is calculated.
6. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 1, which is characterized in that obtain institute
Radiation calibration is carried out to the remote sensing image before stating remotely-sensed data and atmospheric correction is handled.
7. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to apply
Fertile dosage model are as follows:
Fertilising dosage=(crop yield * specific yield absorbs amount of nutrients)-(readily available nutrient of soil contains before next season is sowed
Measure * correction coefficient)/utilization rate of fertilizer, the correction coefficient be blank plot readily available nutrient of soil content and planted farming
The ratio of the readily available nutrient of soil content of object.
8. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the speed
The correction coefficient for imitating nitrogen is 0.3~0.7, and the correction coefficient of available potassium is 0.5~0.85, the correction coefficient of available phosphorus is 0.4~
0.5。
9. a kind of farmland variable fertilization method based on remotely-sensed data according to claim 7, which is characterized in that nitrogenous fertilizer
Utilization rate is 30%~50%, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is 10%~30%, and the utilization rate of potash fertilizer is 40%~70%.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN110596008A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-20 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Plot-based soil nutrient digital mapping method for agricultural region of Chinese Hongsheng plain |
| CN111670668A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-18 | 沈阳农业大学 | Accurate topdressing method for agricultural rice unmanned aerial vehicle based on hyperspectral remote sensing prescription chart |
| CN111727443A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-29 | 安徽中科智能感知产业技术研究院有限责任公司 | Soil available nutrient inversion method based on deep neural network |
| CN111754060A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-09 | 广州极飞科技有限公司 | Variable rate fertilization method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112149827A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-29 | 哈尔滨航天恒星数据系统科技有限公司 | System and method for constructing soil quick-acting potassium analysis model based on satellite images |
| CN112470650A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizer preparation method and system |
| CN112903600A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 南京农业大学 | Rice nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method based on multispectral image of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113671154A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 武汉禾大科技有限公司 | Soil testing formula system |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110596008B (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-10-23 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Plot-based soil nutrient digital mapping method for agricultural region of Chinese Hongsheng plain |
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| CN111727443B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-10-31 | 安徽中科智能感知科技股份有限公司 | Soil available nutrient inversion method based on deep neural network |
| CN111727443A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-09-29 | 安徽中科智能感知产业技术研究院有限责任公司 | Soil available nutrient inversion method based on deep neural network |
| CN111670668A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-18 | 沈阳农业大学 | Accurate topdressing method for agricultural rice unmanned aerial vehicle based on hyperspectral remote sensing prescription chart |
| CN112149827A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-29 | 哈尔滨航天恒星数据系统科技有限公司 | System and method for constructing soil quick-acting potassium analysis model based on satellite images |
| CN112470650A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Fertilizer preparation method and system |
| CN112903600A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 南京农业大学 | Rice nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method based on multispectral image of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113671154A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 武汉禾大科技有限公司 | Soil testing formula system |
| CN113744074A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-03 | 北京超图软件股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining disaster reduction and yield preservation measures of agricultural crops |
| CN115606382A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-17 | 上海联适导航技术股份有限公司 | Variable rate fertilization method and system based on Beidou navigation |
| CN115606382B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-10-20 | 上海联适导航技术股份有限公司 | Variable fertilization method and system based on Beidou navigation |
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