CN102269876B - System for generating vector beam by using Wollaston prism combined beam - Google Patents
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- CN102269876B CN102269876B CN201110240488.1A CN201110240488A CN102269876B CN 102269876 B CN102269876 B CN 102269876B CN 201110240488 A CN201110240488 A CN 201110240488A CN 102269876 B CN102269876 B CN 102269876B
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for generating a vector beam by using a Wollaston prism combined beam and belongs to the technical field of photo electricity. The invention consists of a laser, a polarizer, a first beam expander, a one-fork three-fork binary amplitude grating, a second beam expander, a diaphragm, a focusing lens, an one half wave plate, the Wollaston prism, a quarter wavelength plate, an analyzer and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera. The system can efficiently, stably and simply generate the high-purity random vector beam; and two beams of circular polarization spiral beams with opposite polarization rotation directions and opposite spiral phases are combined into one beam by using the Wollaston prism as the core element. The generated vector beam has special characteristics; and the system in the invention has a wide application prospect in the field of micro-nanometer optical and optical communication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system of utilizing wollaston prism to close bundle generating vector beam, belong to field of photoelectric technology.
Background technology
Polarization is one of critical nature of light, and linearly polarized light, elliptic polarization is the known light field form of people only, and they have been widely applied to a lot of fields.The common feature of linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light is that the polarization state of each point in corrugated is all identical.In recent years, people find that by research some polarization states have prior value by the light beam of specific rule non-uniform Distribution in many applications.The polarization state of this novel light beam each point in corrugated is not identical, is difficult to characterize by traditional scalar method, and characterizing method is that the vector that provides polarization state distributes preferably, and therefore this class light is also referred to as vector beam.Radial polarized light beam (polarization Topological Numbers is 1) in vector beam be polarization state by radially-arranged axisymmetric vectoring light beam, be most typical, most widely used a kind of vector beam.Research is found, the focal beam spot of radial polarized light beam after high numerical aperture lens focuses on can exceed diffraction limit, and there is the special character such as very strong longitudinal electric field at focus place, it is had broad application prospects in micronano optical field, in addition, high-order vector beam also has important application prospect aspect communication and optical acquisition.
The generation method of vector beam is one of study hotspot both domestic and external.The generation method of vector beam is mainly divided into two large classes, i.e. generation method in generation method and chamber outside chamber.Outside the chamber of having reported in recent years, method mainly comprises: 1) make the orthogonal TEM of two bundle polarization states
01and TEM
10linear polarization Hermite-Gaussian (HG) light beam coherence stack generate single order vector beam; 2) utilize left-handed and right-hand circular polarization Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) light beam or Bessel-Gaussian (BG) the light beam coherence stack generating vector beam that two bundle helical phases are contrary; 3) outside chamber, place a space polarization device (for example combining half-wave plate, twisted nematic liquid crystal device and sub-wave length grating etc.) and produce vector beam; In chamber, generation method mainly refers to insert the method for polarization mode selector (such as Brewster axial cone mirror, photon crystal grating mirror etc.) generation vector beam in laser cavity.
Outside the chamber of above-mentioned employing space polarization device, in method of formation and chamber, the method for generating vector beam all needs to use the optical component of some special processing, and the difficulty of processing of these devices is larger, makes practical application increase difficulty; Utilize the method for the relevant synthetic generating vector beam of two-beam mostly need use the beam merging apparatus that is similar to Mach Zehnder interference instrument form and adopt, affected the stability of synthetic light beam.For the problems referred to above, we have designed the optical system of the synthetic generating vector beam of a kind of novel light beam, and this system is made up of conventional optical element, simple in structure, and good stability is easy to regulate, and can in compared with broadband, generate various vector beams.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of stable, simple in structure, system that can generate various vector beams in broadband.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical proposals:
The inventive system comprises compound binary amplitude grating, the second beam expander, diaphragm, condenser lens, 1/2nd wave plates, wollaston prism, quarter-wave plate, analyzer, the CCD camera of laser instrument, the polarizer, the first beam expander, a fork trident.
Described Laser Output Beam is Gaussian beam; The described polarizer plays folk prescription and is placed in after laser instrument to being 0 °, is the linearly polarized light of 0 ° for incident light being changed into polarization direction; The first described beam expander is placed in after the polarizer, expands for the light beam to incident; The compound binary amplitude grating of a described fork trident is placed in after the first beam expander, in obtain ± m rank, the position of ± 1 order diffraction light Laguerre Gaussian beam; The second described beam expander is inverted in after the compound binary amplitude grating of a fork trident, for increasing the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction; Described diaphragm is placed in after the second beam expander, for leaching+1 grade and-1 order diffraction light; Described condenser lens is placed in after diaphragm, and for two-beam is assembled, and the position of removable condenser lens is controlled the angle after two-beam is assembled and makes it equal the angle of departure of wollaston prism; The quick shaft direction of 1/2nd described wave plates is 45 °, is placed in the light path of light beam after condenser lens, for making the polarization direction half-twist of this branch of polarized light.The angle of departure of described wollaston prism can be by φ=2sin
-1[(n
0-n
e) tan θ] calculate n in formula
0and n
efor the refractive index of ordinary light and the non-ordinary light of wollaston prism birefringece crystal used, θ is the cutting angle of wollaston prism crystal, Jiang Qi center is placed in the joint place of two-beam after condenser lens, for making the orthogonal diffraction combiner in two bundle polarization directions become light beam; The quick shaft direction of described quarter-wave plate is 45 °, it is placed in after wollaston prism, for making the two orthogonal linear polarization diffraction light changes in bundle polarization direction that close bundle be changed to the contrary circularly polarized light of two bundle rotation directions, thereby make its theory that meets relevant resultant vector light beam obtain the vector beam on m rank; Described analyzer is placed in after quarter-wave plate, for detection of the exponent number of the vector beam obtaining; Described CCD camera is placed in after analyzer, for observing the vector beam of generation.
The concrete steps of the method for generating vector beam provided by the invention are:
Be transformed to the linearly polarized light of 0 ° of polarization through the polarizer of 0 ° of placement from the Gaussian beam of laser emitting, expand through the first beam expander, incide on the compound binary amplitude grating of a fork trident, rotation binary amplitude grating makes it ± and 1 order diffraction light is ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam, the diffraction light producing increases the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction through inverted second beam expander, utilize diaphragm that+1 grade is leached with-1 order diffraction light, the light beam leaching is assembled two-beam through a condenser lens again, in the light path of light beam, place therein a quick shaft direction and be 1/2nd wave plates of 45 °, make the polarization direction half-twist of this branch of polarized light, after the two orthogonal diffraction light line focus lens focus in bundle polarization directions, be intersected in the center of wollaston prism with the angle of departure of wollaston prism, two-beam closes Shu Chengwei light beam afterwards, closing light after bundle, vertically to see through a quick shaft direction be after the quarter-wave plate of 45 °, make the two orthogonal linear polarization diffraction light changes in bundle polarization direction that close bundle be changed to the contrary circularly polarized light of two bundle rotation directions, thereby obtain the vector beam on m rank, the vector beam that finally utilizes analyzer and CCD camera observation station to generate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. can generate the vector beam of arbitrary order.
2. in system, do not use reflection device, improved the stability of closing bundle.
3. system architecture is simple, can be in compared with broadband resultant vector light beam, formation efficiency is also higher, is easy to regulate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention; In figure, 1-laser instrument, the 2-polarizer, 3-the first beam expander, 4-mono-pitches the compound binary amplitude grating of trident, 5-the second beam expander, 6-diaphragm, 7-condenser lens, 8-1/2nd wave plates, 9-wollaston prism, 10-quarter-wave plate, 11-analyzer, 12-CCD camera.
Fig. 2 is that the compound binary amplitude grating of the fork trident that uses in the present invention generates the schematic diagram of the Laguerre Gaussian beam array of 3 × 3 under the irradiation of fundamental-mode gaussian beam; In figure, fundamental-mode gaussian beam generates in the horizontal direction LG after the compound binary amplitude grating of a fork trident
01and LG
0-1light beam, vertical direction generates LG
03and LG
0-3light beam, diagonal generates LG
02and LG
0-2light beam and LG
04and LG
0-4light beam.
Fig. 3 is the result figure that adopts Fig. 1 system to test; In figure, laterally 1 to the 4 rank vector beam for generating, row are to being respectively while not adding analyzer, and the experimental result of CCD camera shooting when adding analyzer and rotate 0 °, 45 °, 90 °.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive system comprises compound binary amplitude grating (4), the second beam expander (5), diaphragm (6), condenser lens (7), 1/2nd wave plates (8), wollaston prism (9), quarter-wave plate (10), analyzer (11) and the CCD camera (12) of laser instrument (1), the polarizer (2), the first beam expander (3), a fork trident.From the Gaussian beam of laser instrument (1) outgoing through folk prescription to being to be transformed to 0 ° of linearly polarized light after the polarizer (2) of 0 °, expand through the first beam expander (3), impinge perpendicularly on the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of a fork trident, generate the Laguerre Gaussian beam array of 3 × 3, as shown in Figure 2, horizontal direction is LG
01and LG
0-1light beam, vertical direction is LG
03and LG
0-3light beam, diagonal is LG
02and LG
0-2light beam and LG
04and LG
0-4light beam, rotating grating makes it ± and 1 order diffraction light is ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam, the diffraction light producing increases the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction through inverted second beam expander (5), utilize diaphragm (6) that+1 grade is leached with-1 order diffraction light, the light beam leaching is assembled two-beam through a condenser lens (7) again, in the light path of light beam, place therein a quick shaft direction and be 1/2nd wave plates (8) of 45 °, make the polarization direction half-twist of this branch of polarized light, regulate the position of condenser lens (7), after being focused on, the orthogonal diffraction light line focus lens (7) in two bundle polarization directions are intersected in the center of wollaston prism (9) with the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9), the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9) can be by φ=2sin
-1[(n
0-n
e) tan θ] calculate n in formula
0and n
efor the ordinary light of wollaston prism (9) birefringece crystal used and the refractive index of non-ordinary light, θ is the cutting angle of wollaston prism (9) crystal, close Shu Chengwei light beam according to the character two-beam of wollaston prism (9) afterwards, closing light after bundle, vertically to see through a quick shaft direction be after the quarter-wave plate (10) of 45 °, make the two orthogonal linear polarization diffraction light changes in bundle polarization direction that close bundle be changed to the contrary circularly polarized light of two bundle rotation directions, thereby make its theory that meets relevant resultant vector light beam obtain the vector beam on m rank, the vector beam that finally utilizes analyzer (11) and CCD camera (12) observation station to generate, experimental result as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (4)
1. a system of utilizing wollaston prism to close bundle generating vector beam, comprise laser instrument (1), the polarizer (2), the first beam expander (3), the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of one fork trident, the second beam expander (5), diaphragm (6), condenser lens (7), / 2nd wave plates (8), wollaston prism (9), quarter-wave plate (10), analyzer (11) and CCD camera (12), it is characterized in that: the Gaussian beam vertical incidence of laser instrument (1) output has seen through folk prescription to after being the polarizer (2) of 0 °, expand through the first beam expander (3), incide on the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of a fork trident, the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of rotation one fork trident makes it ± and 1 order diffraction light is ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam, the diffraction light producing increases the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction through inverted second beam expander (5), utilize diaphragm (6) that+1 grade is leached with-1 order diffraction light, the light beam leaching is assembled two-beam through a condenser lens (7) again, in the light path of light beam, place therein a quick shaft direction and be 1/2nd wave plates (8) of 45 °, make the polarization direction half-twist of this branch of polarized light, after focusing on, the two orthogonal diffraction light line focus lens (7) in bundle polarization direction are intersected in the center of wollaston prism (9) with the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9), two-beam closes Shu Chengwei light beam afterwards, closing light after bundle, vertically to see through a quick shaft direction be to obtain m rank vector beam after the quarter-wave plate (10) of 45 °, the vector beam that finally utilizes analyzer (11) and CCD camera (12) observation station to generate.
2. the system of utilizing wollaston prism to close bundle generating vector beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: system has been used the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of one one fork trident, under the irradiation of fundamental-mode gaussian beam, can generate the Laguerre Gaussian beam array of 3 × 3, generate in the horizontal direction LG
01and LG
0-1light beam, vertical direction generates LG
03and LG
0-3light beam, diagonal generates LG
02and LG
0-2light beam and LG
04and LG
0-4light beam, we can close Shu Shengcheng 4 by these 4 pairs of Laguerre Gaussian beams and restraint high-order vector beam.
3. the system of utilizing wollaston prism to close bundle generating vector beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: system has adopted inverted the second beam expander (5), this beam-expanding system has two effects, the one, the light field of the compound binary amplitude grating (4) through a fork trident is carried out to Fourier transform, another effect is the angle of+1 grade of expansion and-1 order diffraction, is convenient to like this us 1/2nd wave plates (8) are placed in one of them order of diffraction.After grating+angle of 1 grade and-1 order diffraction light beam can be by θ=2sin
-1(λ/d) calculate.Wherein λ is wavelength, and d is grating constant.Expand as original M doubly through inverted the second beam expander+1 grade with the angle of-1 order diffraction light beam, M is the multiplying power that expands of beam expander.
4. the system of utilizing wollaston prism to close bundle generating vector beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wollaston prism (9) is a kind of polarization splitting prism, while being inverted use according to light path principle of reversibility, can be by a branch of p polarized light and a branch of s polarization combiner, condition is that the angle of p polarized light and s polarized light is the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9), and the angle of departure can be by φ=2sin
-1[(n
0-n
e) tan θ] calculate n in formula
0and n
efor the ordinary light of wollaston prism (9) birefringece crystal used and the refractive index of non-ordinary light, θ is the cutting angle of wollaston prism (9) crystal, therefore wollaston prism (9) is placed near the focus of condenser lens (7), mobile focusing lens (7) can be controlled the angle of convergent beam, finely tunes its position and allows the intersection point of converging light just in time be positioned at the center of wollaston prism (9).
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| CN103344199B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Square-wave frequency modulation realizes the method for space angle measurement |
| CN103713443A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 中山大学 | Demodulation device based on orbital angular momentum of light beams |
| CN105355217B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-11-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The parallel Written Device of dual-beam based on condenser lens axial chromatic aberration |
| CN105607266B (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2017-11-14 | 北京理工大学 | The generation method and device of trivector light beam |
| CN108363258B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2021-05-04 | 东南大学 | Device and method for generating ultraviolet band vector light beam |
| CN109613710B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-07-28 | 南开大学 | Integrated vector light field generator |
| CN110031982B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-05-25 | 济南大学 | Method and device for generating square array vector light beam by using two-dimensional grating and prism |
| CN110323663B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-04-03 | 江苏师范大学 | Device and method for generating vector ultrashort laser pulse of intermediate infrared band |
| CN115047639B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-07-18 | 浙江理工大学 | System capable of realizing photon spin-orbital angular momentum longitudinal transmission separation |
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