CN102269876A - System for generating vector beam by using Wollaston prism combined beam - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for generating a vector beam by using a Wollaston prism combined beam and belongs to the technical field of photo electricity. The invention consists of a laser, a polarizer, a first beam expander, a one-fork three-fork binary amplitude grating, a second beam expander, a diaphragm, a focusing lens, an one half wave plate, the Wollaston prism, a quarter wavelength plate, an analyzer and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera. The system can efficiently, stably and simply generate the high-purity random vector beam; and two beams of circular polarization spiral beams with opposite polarization rotation directions and opposite spiral phases are combined into one beam by using the Wollaston prism as the core element. The generated vector beam has special characteristics; and the system in the invention has a wide application prospect in the field of micro-nanometer optical and optical communication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system that utilizes wollaston prism to close the Shu Shengcheng vector beam, belong to field of photoelectric technology.
Background technology
Polarization is one of critical nature of light, and linearly polarized light, elliptic polarization is the known light field form of people only, and they have been widely applied to a lot of fields.The common feature of linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light is that the polarization state of each point in the corrugated all is identical.In recent years, people have prior value by the light beam of specific rule non-uniform Distribution in many applications by discovering some polarization states.The polarization state of this novel light beam each point in the corrugated is all inequality, is difficult to characterize with traditional scalar method, and characterizing method is the vector distribution that provides polarization state preferably, so this class light is also referred to as vector beam.Radial polarized light beam in the vector beam (polarization topology number be 1) be polarization state by radially-arranged axisymmetric vectoring light beam, be most typical, most widely used a kind of vector beam.Discover, the focal beam spot of radial polarized light beam after high numerical aperture lens focuses on can surpass diffraction limit, and have very strong special nature such as longitudinal electric field at the focus place, it is had broad application prospects in the micronano optical field, in addition, the high-order vector beam also has important application prospects aspect information transmission and the optical acquisition.
The generation method of vector beam is one of domestic and international research focus.The generation method of vector beam mainly is divided into two big classes, i.e. generation method in generation method and the chamber outside the chamber.Method mainly comprises outside the chamber of having reported in recent years: the TEM that 1) makes two bundle polarization state quadratures
01And TEM
10Linear polarization Hermite-Gaussian (HG) light beam coherence stack generate the single order vector beam; 2) utilize opposite left-handed and right-hand circular polarization Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) light beam or Bessel-Gaussian (BG) the light beam coherence stack of two bundle spiral phase places to generate vector beam; 3) place a space polarization device (for example making up half-wave plate, twisted nematic liquid crystal device and sub-wave length grating etc.) outside the chamber and produce vector beam; The generation method mainly refers to insert the method that polarization mode selector (for example Brewster axial cone mirror, photon crystal grating mirror etc.) produces vector beam in the chamber in laser cavity.
The method that generates vector beam in method of formation and the chamber outside the chamber of above-mentioned employing space polarization device all need be used the optical component of some special processing, and the difficulty of processing of these devices is bigger, makes practical application increase difficulty; Utilize the relevant synthetic method that generates vector beam of two-beam need use the beam merging apparatus that is similar to Mach-Zehnder interferometer form mostly and adopt, influenced the stability of synthetic light beam.At the problems referred to above, we have designed the synthetic optical system that generates vector beam of a kind of novel light beam, and this system is made of conventional optical element, and is simple in structure, and good stability is easy to regulate, and can generate multiple vector beam in than broadband.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of stable, simple in structure, system that can in broadband, generate multiple vector beam.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals:
The inventive system comprises compound binary amplitude grating, second beam expander, diaphragm, condenser lens, 1/2nd wave plates, wollaston prism, quarter-wave plate, analyzer, the CCD camera of laser instrument, the polarizer, first beam expander, a fork trident.
Described Laser Output Beam is a Gaussian beam; The described polarizer rise folk prescription to be 0 ° place laser instrument after, being used for changing incident light into polarization direction is 0 ° linearly polarized light; After described first beam expander places the polarizer, be used for the light beam of incident is expanded bundle; After the compound binary amplitude grating of a described fork trident places first beam expander, be used for obtaining ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam in the position of ± 1 order diffraction light; After described second beam expander is inverted in the compound binary amplitude grating of a fork trident, be used to increase the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction; After described diaphragm places second beam expander, be used to leach+1 grade and-1 order diffraction light; After described condenser lens places diaphragm, be used to make two-beam to assemble, and the angle after two-beam is assembled is controlled in the position of removable condenser lens and make it equal the angle of departure of wollaston prism; The quick shaft direction of described 1/2nd wave plates is 45 °, places the light path of a branch of light behind the condenser lens, is used to make the polarization direction half-twist of this a branch of polarized light.The angle of departure of described wollaston prism can be by φ=2sin
-1[(n
0-n
e) tan θ] calculate n in the formula
0And n
eRefractive index for the ordinary light and the non-ordinary light of the used birefringece crystal of wollaston prism, θ is the cutting angle of wollaston prism crystal, its center is placed the joint place of two-beam behind the condenser lens, be used to make the diffraction combiners of two bundle polarization direction quadratures to become a branch of light; The quick shaft direction of described quarter-wave plate is 45 °, after it places wollaston prism, be used to make the linear polarization diffraction light change of the two bundle polarization direction quadratures that close bundle to be changed to the opposite circularly polarized light of two bundle rotation directions, thereby make its theory that meets relevant resultant vector light beam obtain the vector beam on m rank; After described analyzer places quarter-wave plate, be used to detect the exponent number of the vector beam that obtains; After described CCD camera places analyzer, be used to observe the vector beam of generation.
The concrete steps of the method for generation vector beam provided by the invention are:
Be transformed to the linearly polarized light of 0 ° of polarization through the polarizer of 0 ° of placement from the Gaussian beam of laser emitting, expand bundle through first beam expander, incide on the compound binary amplitude grating of a fork trident, rotation binary amplitude grating makes it ± and 1 order diffraction light is ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam, the diffraction light that produces increases the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction through inverted second beam expander, utilize diaphragm that+1 grade is leached with-1 order diffraction light, the light beam that leaches is assembled two-beam through a condenser lens again, place a quick shaft direction therein in the light path of a branch of light and be 45 ° 1/2nd wave plates, make the polarization direction half-twist of this a branch of polarized light, be intersected in the center of wollaston prism after the diffraction light line focus lens focus of two bundle polarization direction quadratures with the angle of departure of wollaston prism, two-beam closes a branch of light of Shu Chengwei afterwards, closing light behind the bundle, vertically to see through a quick shaft direction be behind 45 ° the quarter-wave plate, make the linear polarization diffraction light change of the two bundle polarization direction quadratures that close bundle be changed to the opposite circularly polarized light of two bundle rotation directions, thereby obtain the vector beam on m rank, the vector beam that utilizes analyzer and CCD camera observation station to generate at last.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. can generate the vector beam on any rank.
2. do not use reflection device in the system, improved the stability of closing bundle.
3. system architecture is simple, can be in than broadband the resultant vector light beam, formation efficiency is also higher, is easy to regulate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention; Among the figure, 1-laser instrument, the 2-polarizer, 3-first beam expander, the compound binary amplitude grating of 4-one fork trident, 5-second beam expander, 6-diaphragm, 7-condenser lens, 8-1/2nd wave plates, the 9-wollaston prism, 10-quarter-wave plate, 11-analyzer, 12-CCD camera.
Fig. 2 is that the compound binary amplitude grating of the fork trident that uses among the present invention generates the synoptic diagram of one 3 * 3 Laguerre Gaussian beam array under the irradiation of fundamental-mode gaussian beam; Among the figure, generate LG in the horizontal direction behind the compound binary amplitude grating of fundamental-mode gaussian beam through a fork trident
01And LG
0-1Light beam, vertical direction generates LG
03And LG
0-3Light beam, diagonal generates LG
02And LG
0-2Light beam and LG
04And LG
0-4Light beam.
Fig. 3 is the figure as a result that adopts Fig. 1 system to experimentize; Among the figure, horizontal 1 to 4 rank vector beam for generating, row be to being respectively when not adding analyzer, and add analyzer and the CCD camera is taken during with 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° of its rotations experimental result.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive system comprises compound binary amplitude grating (4), second beam expander (5), diaphragm (6), condenser lens (7), 1/2nd wave plates (8), wollaston prism (9), quarter-wave plate (10), analyzer (11) and the CCD camera (12) of laser instrument (1), the polarizer (2), first beam expander (3), a fork trident.After being 0 ° the polarizer (2), be transformed to 0 ° of linearly polarized light through folk prescription from the Gaussian beam of laser instrument (1) outgoing, expand bundle through first beam expander (3), impinge perpendicularly on the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of a fork trident, generate one 3 * 3 Laguerre Gaussian beam array, as shown in Figure 2, horizontal direction is LG
01And LG
0-1Light beam, vertical direction are LG
03And LG
0-3Light beam, diagonal are LG
02And LG
0-2Light beam and LG
04And LG
0-4Light beam, rotating grating makes it ± and 1 order diffraction light is ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam, the diffraction light that produces increases the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction through inverted second beam expander (5), utilize diaphragm (6) that+1 grade is leached with-1 order diffraction light, the light beam that leaches is assembled two-beam through a condenser lens (7) again, place a quick shaft direction therein in the light path of a branch of light and be 45 ° 1/2nd wave plates (8), make the polarization direction half-twist of this a branch of polarized light, regulate the position of condenser lens (7), be intersected in the center of wollaston prism (9) after the two diffraction light line focus lens (7) of restrainting the polarization direction quadratures are focused on the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9), the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9) can be by φ=2sin
-1[(n
0-n
e) tan θ] calculate n in the formula
0And n
eBe the ordinary light of the used birefringece crystal of wollaston prism (9) and the refractive index of non-ordinary light, θ is the cutting angle of wollaston prism (9) crystal, character two-beam according to wollaston prism (9) closes a branch of light of Shu Chengwei afterwards, closing light behind the bundle, vertically to see through a quick shaft direction be behind 45 ° the quarter-wave plate (10), make the linear polarization diffraction light change of the two bundle polarization direction quadratures that close bundle be changed to the opposite circularly polarized light of two bundle rotation directions, thereby make its theory that meets relevant resultant vector light beam obtain the vector beam on m rank, the vector beam that utilizes analyzer (11) and CCD camera (12) observation station to generate at last, experimental result as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (4)
1. system that utilizes wollaston prism to close the Shu Shengcheng vector beam, comprise laser instrument (1), the polarizer (2), first beam expander (3), the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of one fork trident, second beam expander (5), diaphragm (6), condenser lens (7), / 2nd wave plates (8), wollaston prism (9), quarter-wave plate (10), analyzer (11) and CCD camera (12), it is characterized in that: the Gaussian beam vertical incidence of laser instrument (1) output has seen through folk prescription after being 0 ° the polarizer (2), expand bundle through first beam expander (3), incide on the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of a fork trident, the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of rotation one fork trident makes it ± and 1 order diffraction light is ± m rank Laguerre Gaussian beam, the diffraction light that produces increases the angle of diffraction of each order of diffraction through inverted second beam expander (5), utilize diaphragm (6) that+1 grade is leached with-1 order diffraction light, the light beam that leaches is assembled two-beam through a condenser lens (7) again, place a quick shaft direction therein in the light path of a branch of light and be 45 ° 1/2nd wave plates (8), make the polarization direction half-twist of this a branch of polarized light, the diffraction light line focus lens (7) of two bundle polarization direction quadratures focus on the back is intersected in wollaston prism (9) with the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9) center, two-beam closes a branch of light of Shu Chengwei afterwards, closing light behind the bundle, vertically to see through a quick shaft direction be to obtain m rank vector beam behind 45 ° the quarter-wave plate (10), utilizes the vector beam of analyzer (11) and CCD camera (12) observation station generation at last.
2. the system that utilizes wollaston prism to close the Shu Shengcheng vector beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: system has used the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of one one fork trident, under the irradiation of fundamental-mode gaussian beam, can generate one 3 * 3 Laguerre Gaussian beam array, generate LG in the horizontal direction
01And LG
0-1Light beam, vertical direction generates LG
03And LG
0-3Light beam, diagonal generates LG
02And LG
0-2Light beam and LG
04And LG
0-4Light beam, we can close these 4 pairs of Laguerre Gaussian beams Shu Shengcheng 4 bundle high-order vector beams.
3. the system that utilizes wollaston prism to close the Shu Shengcheng vector beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: system has adopted inverted second beam expander (5), this beam-expanding system has two effects, the one, to carrying out Fourier transform through a light field of pitching the compound binary amplitude grating (4) of trident, another effect is the angle of+1 grade of expansion and-1 order diffraction, is convenient to us like this 1/2nd wave plates (8) are placed on one of them order of diffraction.Behind the process grating+1 grade of angle with-1 order diffraction light beam can be by θ=2sin
-1(λ/d) calculate.Wherein λ is a wavelength, and d is a grating constant.Expand as original M doubly through inverted second beam expander+1 grade of angle with-1 order diffraction light beam, M is the expansion bundle multiplying power of beam expander.
4. the system that utilizes wollaston prism to close the Shu Shengcheng vector beam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wollaston prism (9) is a kind of common polarization splitting prism, when it being inverted use according to the light path principle of reversibility, can be with a branch of p polarized light and a branch of s polarization combiner, condition is that the angle of p polarized light and s polarized light is the angle of departure of wollaston prism (9), and the angle of departure can be by φ=2sin
-1[(n
0-n
e) tan θ] calculate n in the formula
0And n
eBe the ordinary light of the used birefringece crystal of wollaston prism (9) and the refractive index of non-ordinary light, θ is the cutting angle of wollaston prism (9) crystal, therefore wollaston prism (9) is placed near the focus of condenser lens (7), mobile focusing lens (7) can be controlled the angle of convergent beam, finely tunes its position and allows the intersection point of converging light just in time be positioned at the center of wollaston prism (9).
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| CN103344199A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method achieving space angle measurement by using square wave modulation |
| CN103713443A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 中山大学 | Demodulation device based on orbital angular momentum of light beams |
| CN105355217A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Dual-beam parallel inscribing apparatus based on axial chromatic aberration of focusing lens |
| CN105607266A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-25 | 北京理工大学 | Three-dimensional vector beam and generation method and apparatus thereof |
| CN108363258A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-08-03 | 东南大学 | A kind of device and method generating ultraviolet band vector beam |
| CN109613710A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-12 | 南开大学 | A kind of integrated vectorial field generator |
| CN110031982A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 济南大学 | The method and apparatus of square array vector beam is generated using two-dimensional grating and prism |
| CN110323663A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-11 | 江苏师范大学 | The apparatus and method of the vector ultrashort laser pulse of infrared band in a kind of generation |
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| CN103344199A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Method achieving space angle measurement by using square wave modulation |
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| CN103713443A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-09 | 中山大学 | Demodulation device based on orbital angular momentum of light beams |
| CN105355217B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-11-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The parallel Written Device of dual-beam based on condenser lens axial chromatic aberration |
| CN105355217A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Dual-beam parallel inscribing apparatus based on axial chromatic aberration of focusing lens |
| CN105607266B (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2017-11-14 | 北京理工大学 | The generation method and device of trivector light beam |
| CN105607266A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-05-25 | 北京理工大学 | Three-dimensional vector beam and generation method and apparatus thereof |
| CN108363258A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-08-03 | 东南大学 | A kind of device and method generating ultraviolet band vector beam |
| CN108363258B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2021-05-04 | 东南大学 | Device and method for generating ultraviolet band vector light beam |
| CN109613710A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-12 | 南开大学 | A kind of integrated vectorial field generator |
| CN109613710B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-07-28 | 南开大学 | Integrated vector light field generator |
| CN110031982A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 济南大学 | The method and apparatus of square array vector beam is generated using two-dimensional grating and prism |
| CN110031982B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-05-25 | 济南大学 | Method and device for generating square array vector light beam by using two-dimensional grating and prism |
| CN110323663A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-11 | 江苏师范大学 | The apparatus and method of the vector ultrashort laser pulse of infrared band in a kind of generation |
| CN115047639A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-13 | 浙江理工大学 | System capable of realizing photon spin-orbit angular momentum longitudinal transmission separation |
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