CN108061975B - Method and device for efficiently generating arbitrary vector light field - Google Patents
Method and device for efficiently generating arbitrary vector light field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108061975B CN108061975B CN201711282128.1A CN201711282128A CN108061975B CN 108061975 B CN108061975 B CN 108061975B CN 201711282128 A CN201711282128 A CN 201711282128A CN 108061975 B CN108061975 B CN 108061975B
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectrons, and relates to a method and a device for efficiently generating any vector light field by using a phase Space Light Modulator (SLM), which are characterized in that: and introducing a beam splitting system on an output shaft of the light source to obtain two beams of orthogonal linearly polarized light, loading different phase information on the two beams of light through a beam regulation and control system comprising a phase Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), coaxially superposing the two beams of light through the beam splitting system, converting the two beams of light into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light through a quarter wave plate, and superposing the two beams of light to generate a vector light field. In the adopted beam splitting system and the beam combining system, the used device has high transmittance and low loss on incident light. The amplitude, phase and polarization state of the generated vector light field can be adjusted in real time by loading different phase diagrams on a phase-type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). The device provided by the invention has the advantages of small energy loss, easy coaxiality adjustment of light beam superposition and capability of conveniently and efficiently generating any vector light field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for efficiently generating any vector light field by using a phase-type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), belonging to the technical field of photoelectrons.
Background
Scalar light fields refer to light fields with polarization states uniformly distributed in the transverse space, such as linear polarized, circular polarized, elliptical polarized light fields, and the like. Unlike scalar light fields, vector light fields refer to light fields whose polarization states vary with lateral spatial position. Among them, the most typical and most widely used is a vector light field with polarization states axisymmetrically distributed in the lateral space, i.e. a column symmetric vector light field. It is found that when the cylindrical symmetry vector light field is tightly focused by a high numerical aperture lens, a focal field with novel angular momentum and intensity distribution, such as an optical needle, an optical cage, an optical chain and the like, can be generated. The unique tight focusing characteristic of the vector light field ensures that the vector light field has wide application prospect in the fields of particle capturing, super-resolution imaging, optical micro-control, material processing and the like.
At present, a method for generating a vector light field is one of research hotspots at home and abroad. Methods of generating vector light fields can be generally classified into active methods and passive methods. The active method is to directly output a vector beam by designing a resonator of a laser. The passive method is to insert some device into the external light path of the laser to change the polarization state of the output beam of the laser, so as to generate a vector light field. Active methods, while more efficient in generating vector light fields, lack flexibility. The resonant cavity is specially designed to generate vector light field with specific polarization state distribution. In contrast, the passive approach can more conveniently generate vector light fields of various different polarization distributions. Passive methods can be divided into direct and indirect methods: the direct method is to directly convert the linearly polarized light beam output by the laser into a vector light beam through specially designed optical elements such as a sub-wavelength grating, a phase optical element, a super surface, liquid crystal and the like; the indirect principle is mainly that multiple light beams form a vector light field through coaxial superposition, so the indirect principle is also called an interference method.
When the interferometry is used to generate a vector light field, two beams of linearly polarized light orthogonal to each other or circularly polarized light with opposite rotation directions are generally overlapped. To achieve different polarization state distributions, it is often necessary to achieve phase modulation of the different polarization components using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). The vector light beam is controllable in real time, has high flexibility, and can conveniently generate vector light fields with arbitrary polarization state distribution. However, when the vector light field is generated by the conventional interferometry, the adopted beam splitting and combining device can generate a plurality of diffraction orders or can lose a large amount of light energy on the premise of ensuring that two polarization components are coaxially overlapped. This causes the energy waste of the vector light field that produces, produces inefficiency, and the coaxial stack adjustment degree of difficulty of light beam is big. In order to flexibly and efficiently generate a vector light field, the invention provides a method and a device for efficiently generating any vector light field by using a phase type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM).
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for efficiently generating an arbitrary vector light field by using a phase type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). According to the method and the device, different phase diagrams are loaded by utilizing the phase type SLM, so that the real-time adjustment of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of a vector light field can be realized; the adopted beam splitting and combining system has high intensity transmittance, small energy loss and easier coaxiality adjustment of the light beam superposition.
Technical proposal
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the light source comprises a light source 1, a half-wave plate 2, a light beam splitting system 3, a light beam regulating system 4, a light beam combining system 5, a quarter-wave plate 6 and a charge coupling element 7.
The light source 1 is a single-mode laser, including helium-neon laser, argon-ion laser, semiconductor laser, femtosecond pulse laser, etc.
The half-wave plate 2 is used for changing the polarization direction of the polarized light beam of the laser output line so as to make the polarized light beam polarized along the 45-degree direction.
The beam splitting system 3 and the beam combining system 5 may adopt one of the following four schemes:
scheme one: the beam splitting system 3 comprises a polarization splitting prism 8, a reflecting mirror 9 and a reflecting mirror 10: the polarization beam splitter prism 8, the reflecting mirror 9 and the reflecting mirror 10 form a triangular interferometer I, and the triangular interferometer I has the function of dividing an incident light beam into two linearly polarized light beams with orthogonal polarization directions, and the two light beams are separated and parallel to each other, so that the distance between the two light beams can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of any reflecting mirror. The beam combining system 5 comprises a triangular interferometer II formed by a polarization beam splitter prism 14, a reflecting mirror 15 and a reflecting mirror 16, and is used for coaxially superposing two linearly polarized lights which are transmitted in parallel and have orthogonal polarization directions and are output by the beam regulating system 4. Scheme II: the beam splitting system 3 is constituted by a beam deflector 17, which serves to split an incident beam into two orthogonally linearly polarized beams transmitted in parallel. The beam combining system 5 is composed of a beam shifter 18, and functions to coaxially combine two linearly polarized lights transmitted in parallel and orthogonal to each other in two polarization directions outputted from the beam adjusting system 4. Scheme III: the beam splitting system 3 and the beam combining system 5 are respectively composed of a triangular interferometer I and a beam shifter 18.
Scheme IV: the beam splitting system 3 and the beam combining system 5 are respectively composed of a beam shifter 17 and a triangular interferometer II.
What needs to be specifically stated is: the beam splitting and combining systems adopted in the four schemes have high intensity transmittance and extremely low loss on input light beams. Any vector light field can be efficiently generated by utilizing any scheme.
The beam steering system 4 comprises a right angle reflecting prism 11, a half wave plate 12, and a phase type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) 13. Depending on the placement of the half-wave plate 12, the beam steering system 4 may adopt one of the following two schemes:
scheme one: the beam steering system 4 comprises a right angle reflecting prism 11, a half wave plate 12, and a phase type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) 13. The right-angle reflecting prism 11 has the function that one side of the right-angle reflecting prism firstly projects two orthogonal linear polarized beams to the left half part and the right half part of the SLM of the split screen respectively, and the other side of the right-angle reflecting prism reflects the beams to the beam combining system 5; since the SLM is only responsive to horizontally polarized light, the half-wave plate 12 is placed against the left half of the SLM, which acts to turn the light beam incident on the left half of the SLM into horizontal polarization, and this light beam passes through the half-wave plate 12 again when it is output from the SLM, turning back to vertical polarization; the left and right halves of the phase-type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) 13 are loaded with different phase diagrams, which function to add different phases to the two orthogonally polarized beams.
Scheme II: in this solution, a half-wave plate 12 may also be placed between the SLM and the right angle reflecting prism 11, which functions to change the polarization direction of the incident vertically polarized beam to horizontal polarization, so that the SLM responds to it; the polarization direction of the other beam of horizontally polarized light emitted by the SLM is changed to vertical polarization, so that the polarization directions of the two beams of light incident to the beam combining system 5 are orthogonal.
The quarter wave plate 6 is used for converting two linearly polarized light beams with orthogonal polarization directions into two circularly polarized light beams with opposite rotation directions.
The function of the charge-coupled element 7 is to detect the intensity distribution of the generated vector light field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the optical path structure of the present invention. In the figure, a 1-light source, a 2-half wave plate, a 3-beam splitting system, a 4-beam regulating system and a 5-beam combining system are shown as follows: 11-rectangular reflecting prism, 12-half wave plate, 13-phase Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), 6-quarter wave plate, 7-charge coupled device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a beam splitting system 3 according to the present invention, which may be constructed as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 2 (a), 8-polarization beam splitter prism, 9, 10-mirror, in fig. (b), 17-beam deflector.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a beam combining system 5 of FIG. 1 according to the present invention; in figure (a), 14-polarization splitting prism, 15, 16-mirror, in figure (b), 18-beam deflector.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the beam steering system 4 shown in fig. 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of experimental results of the second order radial vector field generated by the apparatus of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention. In the figure, the first row is the phase diagram loaded on the left half part and the right half part of the SLM respectively, and the second row is an experimental result diagram acquired by charge coupling elements when no analyzer is added, 0-degree polarization analysis and 90-degree polarization analysis are added in sequence from left to right.
FIG. 6 is a graph of experimental results of a radial vector light field carrying a first order helical phase generated by the apparatus of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention. In the figure, the first row is a phase diagram loaded on the left half part and the right half part of the SLM respectively, the second row is a result diagram of first-order spiral phase generated by the third row from left to right, wherein no analyzer is added, an experimental result diagram acquired by a charge coupling element during 0-degree polarization analysis and 90-degree polarization analysis is added.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to examples, figures: the embodiment of the invention provides a device for efficiently generating an arbitrary vector light field, which is shown in fig. 1.
The linearly polarized light beam is emitted by a light source 1, converted into a light beam polarized along the 45-degree direction through a half-wave plate 2, split into two mutually orthogonal linearly polarized lights by a light beam splitting system 3, loaded with different phase information through a light beam regulating system 4, coaxially combined by a light beam combining system 5, and respectively converted into a left-handed circularly polarized light beam and a right-handed circularly polarized light beam through a quarter-wave plate 6 to generate a vector light field. Finally the intensity distribution of the resulting vector light field is detected by the charge coupled element 7.
Example 1
When the additional phases of the two circularly polarized lights are respectively:
(/>
polarization angle of cylindrical coordinate system, m is topological charge value), and +>
(/>
Phase difference of the two split beams), the polarization state of the formed column vector beam is
For example, to generate a second order vector light field, there is
The phase diagram loaded on the SLM is shown in the first row of fig. 5. The experimental results obtained by this method are shown in the second row of fig. 5. The result of the polarization analysis shows that the generated light field is a second order vector light field.
Example 2
When delta 1 And delta 2 With different additional phase shifts, A representing the amplitude of the two beams, the superimposed light field is expressed as
The above can represent any linearly polarized vector beam with any phase distribution attached, the phase of the vector beam depending on delta 1 +δ 2 The polarization direction of the vector beam depends on delta 1 -δ 2 。
For example, to generate a radial vector light field carrying a first-order helical phase, there is
Then, it is available to
δ 2 =0. The phase diagram loaded on the SLM is shown in the first row of fig. 6. The experimental results obtained by this method are shown in the second and third rows of fig. 6. Experimental results show that the generated light field is a radial vector light field and carries a first-order helical phase. />
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus for efficiently generating an arbitrary vector light field by using a phase type spatial light modulator SLM, which is characterized in that: the linear polarized light beam emitted by the light source (1) passes through the half-wave plate (2) to change the polarization direction of the linear polarized light beam of the light source (1) so as to polarize the linear polarized light beam along the 45-degree direction; after entering a beam splitting system (3), splitting an incident beam into two linearly polarized light beams with orthogonal polarization directions; the two linearly polarized light beams are parallelly incident into the light beam regulating system (4) at a certain interval to load different phase information, coaxially overlapped by the light beam combining system (5), and converted into left-right circularly polarized light beams by the quarter wave plate (6) to generate a vector light field; finally, the resulting vector light field is detected by a charge-coupled element (7);
the beam regulation and control system (4) consists of a right-angle reflecting prism (11), a half-wave plate (12) and a phase-type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) (13): one side of a right angle reflecting prism (11) firstly projects two incident linearly polarized lights to two sides of a phase type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) (13) of a split screen respectively; after the phase information is loaded on the phase space light modulator SLM (13), the two linearly polarized lights are reflected to the other side of the right angle reflecting prism (11), so that the two linearly polarized lights are input into the beam combining system (5); when the right-angle reflecting prism (11) reflects two linearly polarized light beams for the first time, the horizontally polarized light beams are directly projected to the left half part of the phase-type Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) (13); because the phase type spatial light modulator (13) only responds to the horizontal polarized light beam, the vertical polarized light beam passes through a half-wave plate (12) which is closely attached to the right half part of the phase type spatial light modulator (13) and has an optical axis along the direction of 45 degrees, so that the polarized direction is changed into the horizontal direction and then is projected to the right half part of the phase type spatial light modulator (13), and the polarized direction is changed into the vertical direction through the half-wave plate (12) after being reflected by the phase type spatial light modulator (13);
the phase type spatial light modulator (13) adopts a split screen method, different phase diagrams are loaded on the left half part and the right half part of the phase type spatial light modulator (13), real-time adjustment of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of an output vector light field is realized, and an arbitrary vector light field can be efficiently generated.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the light source (1) is a single-mode laser and is selected from any one of a helium-neon laser, an argon-ion laser, a semiconductor laser and a femtosecond pulse laser.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the beam splitting system (3) is a triangular interferometer I formed by a first polarization splitting prism (8), a first reflecting mirror (9) and a second reflecting mirror (10), or is a beam shifter (17), and the beam splitting system is used for splitting an incident beam into two linearly polarized light beams which are orthogonal in polarization direction and are transmitted in parallel.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the beam combining system (5) is a triangular interferometer II consisting of a second polarization splitting prism (14), a third reflecting mirror (15) and a fourth reflecting mirror (16), or a beam shifter (18) which is used for coaxially superposing two incident linearly polarized lights which are orthogonally transmitted in parallel in two polarization directions.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the polarization direction of the quarter wave plate (6) and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, and the two linearly polarized lights with orthogonal polarization directions can be converted into two circularly polarized lights with opposite rotation directions, and the two circularly polarized lights are overlapped to generate a vector light field.
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| CN109270697A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-25 | 深圳大学 | A kind of any column vector light generating device and method based on cross-polarization modulation |
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