CN105607266B - The generation method and device of trivector light beam - Google Patents
The generation method and device of trivector light beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN105607266B CN105607266B CN201610007355.2A CN201610007355A CN105607266B CN 105607266 B CN105607266 B CN 105607266B CN 201610007355 A CN201610007355 A CN 201610007355A CN 105607266 B CN105607266 B CN 105607266B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of trivector light beam and its generation method and device.The trivector light beam of the present invention, its optical field distribution are similar to bessel beam.The distribution of its beam cross-section polarization state changes with the change of its transmission range, and is in mechanical periodicity.In a space periodic, its polarization state can replace change from radial polarisation to angular polarization.The light beam generated can have a variety of polarization states to be distributed simultaneously, compared to the vector beam of existing single polarization state distribution, have wider application value.The trivector light-beam generator of the present invention, only it need to change the holographic grating being carried on LCD space light modulator, you can the generation of the trivector light beam of different orders is realized, it is simple to operate without adjusting other any optical elements again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of photoelectric technology, more particularly to a kind of new light beam --- trivector light beam and its generation
Method and apparatus.
Background technology
Polarization state is one of essential characteristic of light beam, and common polarised light has linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light and circle inclined
Shake light etc., and the distribution of the polarization states of these light beams in its cross section is isotropic.It is different from these common light beams, arrow
It is anisotropic to measure the distribution of the polarization state in the beam cross-section of light beam, and its basic polarisation distribution pattern has radial polarisation point
Cloth, angular polarization distribution etc..Vector beam with the distribution of axially symmetry polarization state is maxwell equation group under cylindrical coordinate
Eigen solution, therefore can also be referred to as polarization vortex beam or axially symmetry polarization light beam.The optical field distribution of vector beam is one
Cyclic structure, because the polarization state at its beam center can not determine, i.e., in the presence of a polarization singular point.Vector beam it
So obtaining the extensive concern of people, it is the characteristic that there are many other light beams not have for it.Vector beam light field it is hollow
Cyclic structure makes it can be used in optical tweezer, can improve the capture rate of particle.Meanwhile vector beam can also carry polarization information
Amount, available for expanding channel capacity in optical communication system.Vector beam also has important application value in advanced manufacturing field.
Research shows, in the laser cutting technique of metal, the polarization state of cutting efficiency and light beam is closely related.Metal is to p-polarization light
Absorption efficiency highest, scattering efficiency is minimum.And use radial polarisation vector beam, relative to laser cutting the edge of a knife, it is all enter
It is all p-polarization light to penetrate light, and light beam has good polarization symmetry.Therefore laser is carried out using radial polarisation vector beam to cut
Cutting efficiency can not only be improved by cutting, and can also obtain visibly homogeneous cutting knife.In the laser drilling of metal, with
Exemplified by mild steel, laser boring processing is carried out to mild steel under the same conditions, compared with linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light, used
Angularly polarized light can improve 1.5~4 times of perforating efficiency.
Domestic and foreign scholars have done numerous studies work in terms of the generation technique of vector beam, and have invented a variety of generation arrows
The method for measuring light beam.Wherein, the method using vortex beams polarized combination vector beam is the most extensive, and its principle can be regarded as：
One Left-hand circular polarization vortex beams and the right-hand circular polarization vortex beams for carrying opposite rail angular momentum generate arrow after closing beam
Light beam is measured, and the order of vector beam is the absolute value of vortex beams order.This polarized combination process can use Jones matrix table
It is shown as：
In formula, l and the angular-momentum quantum number that-l is vortex beams.Common polarized combination method has wet Lars to lead to prism method, horse
Conspicuous increasing Dare interferometric method etc., these methods to be mainly characterized by two beams oppositely oriented and carry the vortex of opposite rail angular momentum
Light beam is incided in device simultaneously, then outgoing synthesis light is vector beam.Researcher's profit of Beijing Institute of Technology in 2015
The generation of vector beam is realized with safe graceful Green interferometer, the technology only needs a branch of vortex beams incidence, certain journey
The complexity of optical path adjusting is reduced on degree.However, though these above-mentioned methods can generate vector beam well, generate
The polarisation distribution of vector beam be changeless.The polarization state for wanting to change vector beam is distributed, it is necessary to add in the optical path
Enter the devices such as wave plate, this increases the inconvenience of its practical application to a certain extent.For example, in the advanced manufacture application of laser
In, radial polarisation light is advantageous to Metal Cutting, and angularly polarized light is advantageous to punch.If a branch of vector beam is both containing radially
Polarized component, contain angular polarization composition again, then cutting is carried out simultaneously with punching can.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of new vector beam --- trivector light beam, and its generation method
With device.
The trivector light beam of the present invention, its optical field distribution is similar to bessel beam, its beam cross-section polarization state point
Cloth changes with the change of its transmission range.In a space periodic, its polarization state can be from radial polarisation to angular polarization
Alternately change.
The generation method of the trivector light beam of the present invention is the holographic optical after axicon is superimposed with l rank helical phase pieces
Grid, and radial direction periodic phase be superimposed with 2l rank helical phase pieces after holographic grating, be carried in two liquid crystal spatial lights respectively
On modulator, then the outgoing beam of the system is l rank trivector light beams.It is different when being loaded to LCD space light modulator
During holographic grating, the trivector light beam of different orders can be generated.
The generation method and device of a kind of trivector light beam of the present invention, include laser, polarization splitting prism, collimation
Device, two LCD space light modulators, half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate, wherein：
The polarization splitting prism is placed in the light path that laser is sent, for generating horizontal linear polarization laser；
The collimater is placed in the light path at polarization splitting prism rear, for being collimated to horizontal linear polarization laser；
First LCD space light modulator is placed in the light path at collimater rear, for loading axicon and spiral
Holographic grating after phase plate superposition, Gaussian beam is converted into the bessel beam for carrying orbital angular momentum；
The half-wave plate is placed in the light path at first LCD space light modulator rear, and its quick shaft direction and horizontal plane
In 22.5 ° of placements, for the bessel beam of horizontal polarization to be converted into polarization direction horizontal by 45 ° of linear polarization shellfish plug
That light beam；
Second LCD space light modulator is placed in the light path at half-wave plate rear, for loading radial direction periodic phase
Holographic grating after being superimposed with helical phase piece, linear polarization bessel beam of the polarization direction horizontal by 45 ° is converted into
Two beam polarization directions are respectively the conjunction beam of linear polarization Bayside light beam that is horizontal and vertical and carrying opposite rail angular momentum, together
When horizontal polarisation component have phase delay compared to vertical polarisation component；
The quarter-wave plate is placed in the light path at second LCD space light modulator rear, its quick shaft direction and water
Plane is in 45 °, for being linear polarization Bayside that is horizontal and vertical and carrying opposite rail angular momentum by two beam polarization directions
The conjunction beam of light beam is converted into the conjunction beam of left-handed two beams and dextrorotation and the circular polarization Bayside light beam for carrying opposite rail angular momentum,
Left-hand circular polarization component has phase delay compared to right-hand circular polarization component simultaneously.
The invention has the advantages that：
(1) trivector light beam of the invention, the distribution of beam cross-section polarization state change with the change of its transmission range
Become, and be in mechanical periodicity.
(2) trivector light beam of the invention, in a space periodic, its polarization state can from radial polarisation to it is angular partially
Shake and alternately change.
(3) trivector light beam of the invention, polarization can be realized by increasing or reducing propagation distance in practical application
The change of state distribution.
(4) generating means of a kind of trivector light beam provided by the invention, given birth to compared to other existing vector beams
Simple in construction into device, regulation is easy.
(5) generating means of a kind of trivector light beam provided by the invention, after the completion of Primary regulation, without adjusting again
Section, only it need to change the holographic grating being carried on two LCD space light modulators, you can realize the trivector of different orders
The generation of light beam, it is easy to operate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the generating principle figure of trivector light beam.
Fig. 2 (a) is that axicon generates bessel beam schematic diagram.In figure, 1- incident beams, 2- axicons, 3- salt free ligands
Area (bessel beam region).
Fig. 2 (b) is the schematic diagram that radial direction periodic phase plate introduces different additive phases in different transmission ranges.In figure, 1-
Incident beam, 2- axicons, 3- salt free ligands area (bessel beam region), 4- radial direction periodic phase plates, 5- introduce additive phase
Region.
Fig. 2 (c) is the phase distribution of radial direction periodic phase plate.
Fig. 3 is the generating means schematic diagram of trivector light beam.In figure, 1- lasers, 2- polarization splitting prisms, 3- collimations
Device, 4- LCD space light modulators, 5- half-wave plates, 6- LCD space light modulators, 7- quarter-wave plates.
Fig. 4 be generation single order trivector light beam when to LCD space light modulator loading holographic grating figure, from a left side to
The right side is respectively the holographic grating after axicon is superimposed with 1 rank helical phase piece, and radial direction periodic phase folds with 2 rank helical phase pieces
Holographic grating after adding.
Fig. 5 is the single order trivector light beam of generation.It is respectively in initial position, 1/4 space periodic from top to bottom in figure
Light field, the polarization state of the trivector light beam measured at place, 1/2 space periodic and at 3/4 space periodic are distributed and by not
The light field for the polarizer placed with angle.
Fig. 6 be generation second order trivector light beam when to LCD space light modulator loading holographic grating figure, from a left side to
The right side is respectively the holographic grating after axicon is superimposed with 2 rank helical phase pieces, and radial direction periodic phase folds with 4 rank helical phase pieces
Holographic grating after adding.
Fig. 7 is the second order trivector light beam of generation.It is respectively in initial position, 1/4 space periodic from top to bottom in figure
Light field, the polarization state of the trivector light beam measured at place, 1/2 space periodic and at 3/4 space periodic are distributed and by not
The light field for the polarizer placed with angle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment, the present invention is made a detailed description.
The trivector light beam of the present invention is as shown in figure 1, the distribution of its polarization state changes with the change of transmission range in the cycle
Become.In a space periodic, its polarization state can replace change from radial polarisation to angular polarization.Its generating principle is appreciated that
For bessel beam is a kind of vortex beams, and it carries orbital angular momentum, therefore a Left-hand circular polarization bessel beam and one
Carry opposite rail angular momentum right-hand circular polarization bessel beam close beam after can generate vector beam, and vector beam
Order is the absolute value of the angular-momentum quantum number of bessel beam.If introducing a phase delay to left-handed bessel beam, beam is closed
Process can be expressed as with Jones matrix：
Wherein, φ represents the initial polarization direction of vector beam, and φ=0 represents radial polarisation vector beam, when φ=pi/2
When represent angular polarization vector beam.If φ can be write as the function on transmission range z, you can realize in different transmission distances
The additive phase different from introducing, and then cause the difference that polarization state is distributed at different transmission ranges.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a), axicon is added in the optical path, the generation of bessel beam can be achieved, and bessel beam is only
It is present in salt free ligands area.As shown in Fig. 2 (b), radial direction periodic phase plate is added in salt free ligands area, may be implemented in optical axis difference
Position introduces different phase delay.Similarly, if the light beam in salt free ligands area is Bessel type vector beam, due to the radial direction cycle
The effect of phase-plate, by certain technological means, in the diverse location of optical axis, additional phase is introduced to left handed polarization component
Position, then the polarization state distribution of vector beam will be with the change of propagation distance and change.The phase of radial direction periodic phase plate point
Shown in cloth such as Fig. 2 (c).
If setting the phase place change cycle of radial direction periodic phase plate as D, the radial direction cycle of axicon is d, then by geometric optics
Relative theory, additive phase can be obtainedFunctional relation between transmission range z is：
In formula, λ is optical wavelength.And then the space periodic that can must generate trivector light beam is dD/ λ.Preferably, D ≈
2.5d, and D should be less than the 1/3 of optical modulator liquid crystal display minimum dimension.
Fig. 3 is the generating means schematic diagram of trivector light beam.The device includes laser, polarization splitting prism, collimation
Device, two LCD space light modulators, half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate.Wherein：
The polarization splitting prism is placed in the light path that laser is sent, for generating horizontal polarization laser；The collimation
Device is placed in the light path at polarization splitting prism rear, for being collimated to horizontal polarization laser；First liquid crystal spatial
Optical modulator is placed in the light path at collimater rear, will for loading the holographic grating after axicon is superimposed with helical phase piece
Gaussian beam is converted into the bessel beam for carrying orbital angular momentum；The half-wave plate is placed in first liquid crystal spatial light modulation
In the light path at device rear, and its quick shaft direction is placed horizontal by 22.5 °, for horizontal polarization bessel beam to be converted into
Polarization direction is horizontal by 45 ° of linear polarization bessel beam；Second LCD space light modulator is placed in half-wave plate
In the light path at rear, for loading the holographic grating after radial direction periodic phase is superimposed with helical phase piece, by polarization direction and water
Plane is converted into two beam polarization directions in 45 ° of linear polarization bessel beam and is respectively horizontal and vertical and carries opposite rail
The conjunction beam of the linear polarization Bayside light beam of angular momentum, while horizontal polarisation component has phase delay compared to vertical polarisation component；
The quarter-wave plate is placed in the light path at second LCD space light modulator rear, its quick shaft direction horizontal by
45 °, for being linear polarization Bayside light beam that is horizontal and vertical and carrying opposite rail angular momentum by two beam polarization directions
The conjunction beam that beam is converted into left-handed two beams and dextrorotation and the circular polarization Bayside light beam for carrying opposite rail angular momentum is closed, at the same it is left
Rounding polarized component has phase delay compared to right-hand circular polarization component.
Its principle to First reflection type liquid crystal spatial light modulator it is understood that by loading axicon and l rank spiral shells
The holographic grating after phase plate superposition is revolved, then emergent light is horizontal line-l rank bessel beams partially.Through quick shaft direction and horizontal plane
After half-wave plate in 22.5 ° of placements, its polarization direction is changed into horizontal by 45 °, and now it, which can be polarized, is decomposed into two beams etc. by force
The polarization direction of degree is respectively horizontal and vertical-l rank bessel beams.Second reflection type liquid crystal spatial light modulator loading
Radial direction periodic phase be superimposed with 2l rank helical phase pieces after holographic grating.Because the optical modulator used in the present apparatus can only be right
Horizontal line polarisation carries out phase-only modulation, to perpendicular linear polarization light without modulating action.Therefore, the rank of horizontal component bessel beam
Secondary is-(- l+2l)=- l, and the position different in light field cross section introduces different phase delay, vertical component Bezier
Light beam order is changed into l due to reflex.Then now can to see two beam polarization directions as respectively horizontal and vertical for outgoing beam
And the conjunction beam of the linear polarization Bayside light beam of opposite rail angular momentum is carried, while horizontal polarisation component is compared to vertical polarization
Component has phase delay.After quick shaft direction is horizontal by the quarter-wave plate of 45 ° of placements, it is converted into a two beams left side
Rotation and dextrorotation and the conjunction beam of the circular polarization Bayside light beam of opposite rail angular momentum is carried, while Left-hand circular polarization component is compared
There is phase delay in right-hand circular polarization component.Then this light beam is trivector light beam.
Embodiment 1：The generation of single order trivector light beam.
Holographic grating after axicon as shown in Figure 4 is superimposed with 1 rank helical phase piece, and radial direction periodic phase and 2
Holographic grating after the superposition of rank helical phase piece loads on two LCD space light modulators in the arrangement shown in figure 3 respectively.
LASER Light Source is opened, CCD camera is fixed on the optics guide rail placed along optical axis direction, respectively in initial position, 1/4 space
The trivector light beam measured at cycle, at 1/2 space periodic and at 3/4 space periodic is as shown in the row of Fig. 5 the 1st.In CCD phases
A rotatable polarizer is added to detect the polarization state of trivector light beam before machine.Polarizer is horizontal, 45 ° and when being disposed vertically,
The hot spot that CCD camera receives is as shown in three row after Fig. 5, the polarization of the trivector light beam that measures at different propagation distance
State is distributed as shown in Fig. 5 secondary series.Fig. 5 shows that polarization state distribution and the theory expectation of the single order trivector light beam of generation are kissed
Close.
Embodiment 2：The generation of second order trivector light beam.
Holographic grating after axicon as shown in Figure 6 is superimposed with 2 rank helical phase pieces, and radial direction periodic phase and 4
Holographic grating after the superposition of rank helical phase piece loads on two LCD space light modulators in the arrangement shown in figure 3 respectively.
LASER Light Source is opened, CCD camera is fixed on the optics guide rail placed along optical axis direction, respectively in initial position, 1/4 space
The trivector light beam measured at cycle, at 1/2 space periodic and at 3/4 space periodic is as shown in the row of Fig. 7 the 1st.In CCD phases
A rotatable polarizer is added to detect the polarization state of trivector light beam before machine.Polarizer is horizontal, 45 ° and when being disposed vertically,
The hot spot that CCD camera receives is as shown in three row after Fig. 7, the polarization of the trivector light beam that measures at different propagation distance
State is distributed as shown in Fig. 7 secondary series.Fig. 7 shows that polarization state distribution and the theory expectation of the second order trivector light beam of generation are kissed
Close.
As shown in figure 5 and figure 7, trivector light beam has different polarization state distributions at different propagation distances, its
Optical field distribution is identical with order bessel beam.
Simultaneously it will be seen that the present invention trivector light beam have polarization state be distributed with the change of transmission range and
The characteristic of change, in a space periodic, its polarization state can replace change from radial polarisation to angular polarization.The present invention provides
Trivector light-beam generator can easily generate trivector light beam, only need to change and be carried in LCD space light modulator
On holographic grating, you can the generation of the trivector light beam of different orders is realized, without adjusting other any optics again
Element.
In summary, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is these are only, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of device for being used to generate trivector light beam, it is characterised in that including laser, polarization splitting prism, collimation
Device, two LCD space light modulators, half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate, wherein：
The polarization splitting prism is placed in the light path that laser is sent, for generating horizontal polarization light；
The collimater is placed in the light path at polarization splitting prism rear, for being collimated to horizontal polarization light；
First LCD space light modulator is placed in the light path after collimater, for loading axicon and helical phase piece
Holographic grating after superposition, incident beam is converted into the bessel beam for carrying orbital angular momentum；
The half-wave plate is placed in the light path after first LCD space light modulator, and its quick shaft direction horizontal by
22.5 ° of placements, for horizontal polarization bessel beam to be converted into polarization direction horizontal by 45 ° of linear polarization Bezier light
Beam；
Second LCD space light modulator is placed in the light path after half-wave plate, for loading radial direction periodic phase and spiral
Holographic grating after phase plate superposition, it is inclined that polarization direction horizontal by 45 ° of linear polarization bessel beam is converted into two beams
The direction that shakes is respectively the conjunction beam of linear polarization Bayside light beam that is horizontal and vertical and carrying opposite rail angular momentum, while horizontal
Polarized component has phase delay compared to vertical polarisation component；
The quarter-wave plate is placed in the light path after second LCD space light modulator, its quick shaft direction horizontal by
45 °, for being linear polarization Bayside light beam that is horizontal and vertical and carrying opposite rail angular momentum by two beam polarization directions
The conjunction beam that beam is converted into left-handed two beams and dextrorotation and the circular polarization Bayside light beam for carrying opposite rail angular momentum is closed, at the same it is left
Rounding polarized component has phase delay compared to right-hand circular polarization component.
2. a kind of device for being used to generate trivector light beam according to claim 1, wherein, it is carried in collimater rear
Spatial light modulator on holographic grating, be formed by stacking by axicon and helical phase piece.
3. a kind of device for being used to generate trivector light beam according to claim 1, wherein, it is carried in quarter-wave
The holographic grating in spatial light modulator in front of piece, is formed by stacking by radial direction periodic phase and helical phase piece, and spiral phase
The order of bit slice is two times of the helical phase piece being superimposed with axicon, if the phase for representing radial direction periodic phase with D becomes
Change the cycle, d represents the radial direction cycle of the axicon, and λ represents optical wavelength, then additive phase is introduced on optical axisWith transmission distance
It is from the functional relation between z：
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1
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111679441A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-18 | 北京大学 | Dynamic column vector light field generation device and method based on optical heterodyne interference method |
| CN111679441B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-03-23 | 北京大学 | Dynamic column vector light field generation device and method based on optical heterodyne interference method |
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