CN106990547B - Dolphin-shaped cellular circle array super surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
A novel dolphin-shaped circular array super-surface of cellular cells for generating local composite polarized light field. The super surface is a circular array-shaped micro-nano metal structure, and a circular array is formed by arranging N dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures in an equiangular rotation mode (N is not less than 3 and is a positive integer). The dolphin-shaped metal unit cells bind incident light energy to the surface of the structure, and finally generate a local focusing strong field at the tip of each dolphin-shaped unit cell, so as to change the structure factor m (m is greater than 1) and regulate the enhancement of the focusing fieldA factor; due to the structure of the dolphin-shaped metal cells and the circular array structure formed by equiangular arrangement, incident linearly polarized light can be converted into a spiral phase light beam; the z-direction component E of the transmitted light fieldzThe ratio of the intensity of (A) to the intensity of the total light field E decreases with increasing propagation distance, but E increases with increasing propagation distancezThe better the phase helix effect. The invention can be used as optical tweezers and optical angular momentum regulators, and has important application value in the fields of broadband optical communication, optical imaging, nano control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics and photoelectricity, relates to light field polarization modulation, nano control and surface plasma excitation, and particularly relates to a novel dolphin-shaped cellular circular array super surface for generating a local composite polarization light field.
Background
When light passes through a structural material with sub-wavelength characteristics, its propagation constant may depend on its polarization state, even if all its components are optically isotropic. At present, many kinds of sub-wavelength scale optical devices are designed, which can regulate and control the polarization state of the optical field, i.e. the spin angular momentum. Meanwhile, the orbital angular momentum related to the spatial degree of freedom of the light field can be regulated and controlled. Orbital angular momentum is determined by its infinite size as a useful degree of freedom to improve the information-carrying capacity of photons, and optical manipulation and metrology has found wide application due to phase and intensity singularities.
In recent years, the regulation of orbital angular momentum by using a super surface has become one of the research hotspots in the field of vortex beams. The super-surface is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional sub-wavelength periodic artificial plasma array, and the degree of interest is continuously increasing in recent years. Since the super-surface has a very small thickness compared to the operating wavelength, the super-surface can be regarded as a discontinuous interface causing abrupt changes in the amplitude and phase of incident light, and thus the super-surface is generally used for optical field regulation, such as intensity regulation, phase regulation, polarization regulation, and the like. The method which is most used at present is to utilize nano-scale cuboid metal nanorods to form a super-surface by arranging the nano-scale cuboid metal nanorods into different array forms, based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase change principle, incident left-handed/right-handed circularly polarized light is regulated and controlled into transmitted vector vortex light beams, the proposed single plasma super-surface, silicon nanorod super-surface and the like regulate and control circularly polarized light into vortex light beams based on the principle, and physical models of such regulation and control are also established. However, in the existing research results, the research on how to regulate linearly polarized light into vortex light beams is not sufficient.
In summary, the present invention provides a novel method for generating a local composite polarized light field based on the cell structure and array designThe dolphin-shaped round cell array super-surface. The super surface is a circular array-shaped micro-nano metal structure, and a circular array is formed by a plurality of dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures which are arranged in an equal-angle rotating mode. The number of dolphin-shaped cells arranged on the circular array is N, the connection line of the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped cells and the geometric center of the circular array divides the circle into N equal parts, and the central axis of the dolphin-shaped cell structure points to the center of the circular array forever. The dolphin-shaped metal unit cells tie incident light energy to the surface of the structure, and finally generate a local strong field at the tip of each dolphin-shaped unit cell, so that a structure factor m (m is greater than 1) is provided, and the function of regulating and controlling an enhancement factor of a focusing field can be realized by changing the value of the structure factor m. On the basis of the innovation, the dolphin-shaped metal unit cells have the self structure and the circular array structure formed by equiangular arrangement, so that the linearly polarized light beam is innovatively converted into the spiral phase light beam. The z-direction component E of the transmitted light fieldzThe ratio of the intensity of (A) to the intensity of the total light field E decreases with increasing propagation distance, but E increases with increasing propagation distancezThe better the phase helix effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel dolphin-shaped cellular circular array super-surface for generating a local composite polarized light field. The super surface is a circular array-shaped micro-nano metal structure, and a circular array is formed by a plurality of dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures which are arranged in an equal-angle rotating mode. The central axis of the dolphin-shaped cellular structure always points to the center of the circular array. The dolphin-shaped metal cellular geometric structure is formed by connecting two semi-crescent-shaped structures with sections in a state of opposite tips, wherein the semi-crescent-shaped structures are obtained by cutting two semi-cylinders. The number of dolphin-shaped cells arranged on the circular array is N (N is more than or equal to 3 and N is a positive integer), the connection line of the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped cells and the geometric center of the circular array divides the circle into N equal parts, the central axis of the dolphin-shaped cell structure points to the center of the circular array forever, the radius of the circular array (namely the distance from the center of the circular array to the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped structure) is R, the included angle alpha between the geometric centers of two adjacent dolphin-shaped cell structures is 360 DEG/N, wherein the radiuses of a semi-cylinder 1 and a semi-cylinder 2 for intercepting the dolphin-shaped cell structure are R respectively1And R2And satisfy the relation R2＝mR1(where m >)1) M is defined as a structural factor, two cylinder section circles are in an inscribed relation, and the section circle center distance d is (m-1) R1The distance d' between two tips of dolphin-shaped cellular structure is 2 (R)1+R2)。
The dolphin-shaped metal cellular array is super-surface, the dolphin-shaped metal cellular is used for binding incident light energy to the structure surface, and finally generating a local strong field at the tip of each dolphin-shaped cellular, so that the structure factor m can be used for regulating and controlling the enhancement factor of a focusing field; due to the structure of the dolphin-shaped metal cells and the circular array structure formed by equiangular arrangement, incident linearly polarized light can be converted into a spiral phase light beam, and a component E in the z direction of a transmitted light field is transmittedzThe ratio of the intensity of (A) to the intensity of the total light field E decreases with increasing propagation distance, but E increases with increasing propagation distancezThe better the phase helix effect.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the dolphin-shaped metal cellular array super-surface is characterized in that the dolphin-shaped metal cellular array restrains incident light energy to the surface of the structure, and finally generates a local strong field at the tip of each dolphin-shaped cellular array, so that the enhancement factor of the adjustable focusing field of the structural factor m (m is more than 1) is changed; due to the structure of the dolphin-shaped metal cells and the circular array structure formed by equiangular arrangement, incident linearly polarized light can be converted into a spiral phase light beam, and a component E in the z direction of a transmitted light field is transmittedzThe ratio of the intensity of (A) to the intensity of the total light field E decreases with increasing propagation distance, but E increases with increasing propagation distancezThe better the phase helix effect. Meanwhile, the superstructure surface has the advantages of being simple to manufacture and convenient for integrating lumped components on the structure surface. The invention can be used as optical tweezers and optical angular momentum regulators, and has important application value in the fields of broadband optical communication, optical imaging, nano control and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dolphin-shaped circular array super-surface of dolphin-shaped unit cells, which is composed of dolphin-shaped metal unit cell structures and can generate a local strong field at the tip of each dolphin-shaped unit cell and can generate a polarization change of a transmitted light field. Wherein: (a) is a geometrical diagram of the cross section of the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure; (b) is a geometrical diagram of the cross-section of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array super-surface structure (taking N as an example to be 8).
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the radius R of a large cylinder upon which linearly polarized light propagating in the z direction and having the polarization direction in the x direction enters2When the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure is fixed at 300nm and has different structural factors m, the intensity distribution of the focused light field generated at the tip of the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure is shown schematically. Wherein: (a) the intensity distribution of the focused light field when light enters the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure with the structural factor m being 1.5 is shown schematically (the right side graph is a logarithmic value obtained by an enhancement factor according to a natural base number); (b) the intensity distribution of the focused light field when light enters the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure with the structural factor m being 2 (wherein the right side legend is a logarithmic value obtained by an enhancement factor by using a natural base number); (c) the intensity distribution of the focused light field when light enters the dolphin-shaped metal cell structure with the structure factor m being 3 (the right side graph is a logarithmic value obtained by an enhancement factor by a natural base number).
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of intensity and phase distribution of transmission fields at different distances behind a super surface when linearly polarized light which propagates in the z direction and has a polarization direction of the x direction is incident on the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array (taking N as an example to be 8). Wherein: (a) the intensity distribution diagram of the transmission field at the position D-1000 nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array is shown; (b) e of transmission field at the position D1000 nm behind super surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (c) the intensity distribution diagram of the transmission field at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array is shown; (d) e is a transmission field at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (e) the intensity distribution diagram of the transmission field at the position D (3000 nm) behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array is shown; (f) e of a transmission field at the position D (3000 nm) behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzThe component phase distribution is shown schematically.
FIG. 4 shows the z-component E of the light field at different distances behind the super-surface when linearly polarized light propagating along the z-direction and having the polarization direction of the x-direction is incident on the super-surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2Ratio and transmission field EzThe phase distribution of the components (for example, N-8). Wherein: (a) is a transmission field z component E at the position D ═ 400nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The ratio of (A) to (B); (b) e of transmission field at the position D ═ 400nm behind super surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (c) is a z component E of a transmission field at the position D-800 nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The ratio of (A) to (B); (d) e of transmission field at the position D-800 nm behind super surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (e) is a transmission field z component E at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The ratio of (A) to (B); (f) e is a transmission field at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzThe component phase distribution is shown schematically.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array super surface provided by the present invention is a circular array-shaped micro-nano metal structure, and is formed by a plurality of dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures which are arranged in an equiangular rotation manner to form a circular array, wherein a central axis of each dolphin-shaped cellular structure always points to the center of the circular array, and a geometric structure of the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures is formed by connecting two half-crescent structures with cross sections with opposite tips, wherein each half-crescent structure is obtained by cutting two half cylinders. The number of dolphin-shaped cells arranged on the circular array is N (N is more than or equal to 3 and N is a positive integer), the connection line of the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped cells and the geometric center of the circular array divides the circle into N equal parts, the central axis of the dolphin-shaped cell structure points to the center of the circular array forever, the radius of the circular array (namely the distance from the center of the circular array to the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped structure) is R, the included angle alpha between the geometric centers of two adjacent dolphin-shaped cell structures is 360 DEG/N, wherein the radiuses of a semi-cylinder 1 and a semi-cylinder 2 for intercepting the dolphin-shaped cell structure are R respectively1And R2And satisfy the relation R2＝mR1(wherein m > 1), m is defined as a junctionThe structural factor is that the section circles of the two cylinders are in an inscribed relation, and the distance d between the center points of the section circles is (m-1) R1The distance d' between two tips of dolphin-shaped cellular structure is 2 (R)1+R2)。
The manufacturing of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array super-surface can be realized by adopting the facing-target direct-current magnetron sputtering and focused ion beam etching technologies. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sputtering a nano metal film of gold, silver, aluminum, copper and the like on a glass substrate of quartz and the like or a semiconductor substrate of silicon and the like by using an opposite target direct current magnetron sputtering method;
(2) and etching the metal dolphin-shaped cellular circle array structure on the nano metal film by utilizing a focused ion beam etching technology or an electron beam direct writing technology.
Specific application example 1
The specific parameters of the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array are as follows:
the dolphin-shaped metal cellular material is silver, and the incident wavelength lambda is 660nm, at the moment, the refractive index n of the silver material isAg0.049889+4.4869 i. The super surface is a circular array-shaped micro-nano metal structure and is formed by a plurality of dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures which are arranged in an equiangular rotation mode, the dolphin-shaped metal cellular geometric structure is formed by connecting two semi-crescent structures with sections with opposite tips, and the semi-crescent structures are obtained by cutting two semi-cylinders. The dolphin-shaped cellular number arranged on the circular array is N-8, the connecting line of the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped cellular and the geometric center of the circular array divides the circle into N-8 equal parts, the central axis of the dolphin-shaped cellular structure points to the center of the circular array forever, the radius of the circular array (namely the distance from the center of the circular array to the geometric center of the dolphin-shaped cellular structure) is R-1 mu m, the included angle alpha between the geometric centers of two adjacent dolphin-shaped cellular structures is 360 DEG/N-45 DEG, and the radius R of the semi-cylinder 2 of the dolphin-shaped cellular structure is intercepted2300nm, and the structure factor m 2, the radius R of the half cylinder 11150 nm. The two cylinders are in an inscribed relation, the distance d between the centers of the cross-section circles is 150nm, and the distance d' between the two tips of the dolphin-shaped cellular structure is 900 nm.
FIG. 2 is a graph of linearly polarized light propagating in the z direction and having a polarization direction in the x directionIncident large cylinder radius R2When the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure is fixed at 300nm and has different structural factors m, the intensity distribution of the focused light field generated at the tip of the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure is shown schematically. Wherein: (a) the intensity distribution of the focused light field when light enters the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure with the structural factor m being 1.5 is shown schematically (the right side graph is a logarithmic value obtained by an enhancement factor according to a natural base number); (b) the intensity distribution of the focused light field when light enters the dolphin-shaped metal cellular structure with the structural factor m being 2 (wherein the right side legend is a logarithmic value obtained by an enhancement factor by using a natural base number); (c) the intensity distribution of the focused light field when light enters the dolphin-shaped metal cell structure with the structure factor m being 3 (the right side graph is a logarithmic value obtained by an enhancement factor by a natural base number). From the results, it can be seen that when the structural factor m is 1.5, the enhancement factor is about e7≈1.0966×103(ii) a When the structure factor m is 2, the enhancement factor is about e6≈4.0343×102(ii) a When the structure factor m is 3, the enhancement factor is about e4≈5.4598×101. From the analysis, when the structural factor m is changed, the curvature of the dolphin cellular structure curve is increased due to the reduction of m, so that a more ideal structure tip is formed, and the enhancement factor is increased along with the reduction of m. Therefore, changing the structure factor m (m > 1) can regulate the enhancement factor of the focusing field.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of intensity and phase distribution of transmission fields at different distances behind a super surface when linearly polarized light which propagates in the z direction and has a polarization direction of the x direction is incident on the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array (taking N as an example to be 8). Wherein: (a) the intensity distribution diagram of the transmission field at the position D-1000 nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array is shown; (b) e of transmission field at the position D1000 nm behind super surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (c) the intensity distribution diagram of the transmission field at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array is shown; (d) e is a transmission field at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (e) the intensity distribution diagram of the transmission field at the position D (3000 nm) behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle array is shown; (f) is dolphin-shapedE of transmission field at 3000nm behind super surface of cellular circle arrayzThe component phase distribution is shown schematically. It can be seen from the calculation results that when incident light irradiates the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array, a spiral phase light field is generated at the center of the circular array by the focusing field of the inner ring, the spiral phase light field gradually diverges with the increase of the propagation distance, the phase vortex at the center becomes more obvious, and the vortex characteristic is not very obvious with the continuous increase of the distance, that is, when linearly polarized light irradiates the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular array, a local spiral phase light field can be generated behind the super surface.
FIG. 4 shows the z-component E of the light field at different distances behind the super-surface when linearly polarized light propagating along the z-direction and having the polarization direction of the x-direction is incident on the super-surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2Ratio and transmission field EzThe phase distribution of the components (for example, N-8). Wherein: (a) is a transmission field z component E at the position D ═ 400nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The ratio of (A) to (B); (b) e of transmission field at the position D ═ 400nm behind super surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (c) is a z component E of a transmission field at the position D-800 nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The ratio of (A) to (B); (d) e of transmission field at the position D-800 nm behind super surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circular arrayzA component phase distribution diagram; (e) is a transmission field z component E at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzLight field intensity | E ofz|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The ratio of (A) to (B); (f) e is a transmission field at the position D ═ 2000nm behind the super surface of the dolphin-shaped cellular circle arrayzThe component phase distribution is shown schematically. From the results, it can be seen that E is present when D ═ 400nmzLight field intensity of component | Ez|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The proportion of the component (A) can reach 80 percent at most; when D is 800nm, EzLight field intensity of component | Ez|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The proportion of (A) is reduced to 45% at most; when D is 2000nm, EzLight field intensity of component | Ez|2Occupying the total light field intensity | E2The proportion of (A) is only 20% at the most. But with increasing distance D, the transmission field EzThe phase spiral effect at the center of the component is significantly improved. In summary, the component E in the z-direction of the transmitted light field is analyzedzThe ratio of the intensity of (A) to the intensity of the total light field E decreases with increasing propagation distance, but E increases with increasing propagation distancezThe better the phase helix effect.
Claims (5)
1. A novel dolphin-shaped cellular circular array super-surface for generating a local composite polarized light field is characterized in that the super-surface is a circular array-shaped micro-nano metal structure, a circular array is formed by a plurality of dolphin-shaped metal cellular structures in an equiangular rotating arrangement, the central axis of each dolphin-shaped cellular structure points to the circle center of the circular array forever, each dolphin-shaped metal cellular geometric structure is formed by connecting two semi-crescent structures in a state with opposite tips, and each semi-crescent structure is obtained by cutting two semi-cylinders.
2. The super-surface of dolphin-shaped cellular circular array according to claim 1, wherein the number of dolphin-shaped cells arranged on the circular array is N, where N is a positive integer not less than 3, the line connecting the geometric center of dolphin-shaped cells and the geometric center of the circular array divides the circle into N equal parts, the central axis of dolphin-shaped cellular structure always points to the center of the circular array, the distance from the center of the circular array to the geometric center of dolphin-shaped cellular structure is R, the angle α between the geometric centers of two adjacent dolphin-shaped cellular structures is 360 °/N, and the radii of the half cylinder 1 and the half cylinder 2 for cutting the dolphin-shaped cellular structure are R and R, respectively1And R2And satisfy the relation R2＝mR1M is defined as a structural factor and has a value greater than 1, two cylinders have an inscribed cross-sectional circle, and the distance d between the centers of the cross-sectional circles is equal to (m-1) R1The distance d' between two tips of dolphin-shaped cellular structure is 2 (R)1+R2)。
3. The circular array super surface of dolphin-shaped cells as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the dolphin-shaped metal cells bind incident light energy to the surface of the structure and finally generate a local field at the tip of each dolphin-shaped cell, changing the enhancement factor of the focusing field that can be adjusted by the structural factor m.
4. The circular array super-surface of dolphin-shaped cells as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the linearly polarized light beams can be converted into spiral phase light beams due to the structure of dolphin-shaped cells and the circular array structure formed by equiangular arrangement.
5. The circular array metasurface of dolphin-shaped cells according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a z-direction component E of a transmitted light fieldzThe ratio of the intensity of (A) to the intensity of the total light field E decreases with increasing propagation distance, but E increases with increasing propagation distancezThe better the phase helix effect.
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