CN102256759A - 热切粒料装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及热切粒料装置,特别是热塑性塑料的热切粒料装置,该装置把挤塑机熔化的线材在制粒箱(1)中通过布置在轴(9)上的、被电动机(13)驱动不断旋转的切刀(11)切成粒料,切下的粒料被一种在制粒箱(1)中不断流动的冷却介质收集、冷却并从制粒箱(1)中排出,其特征为,在轴(9)和轴(9)所穿通制粒箱(1)的那个区域之间设计有一个在制粒箱(1)和外部环境之间建立流体连通的通流孔(17)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分所述的制粒装置。
背景技术
热切粒料用的制粒装置是通过迅速流动的液膜或液环例如水来收集、冷却和排出切下的粒料,这类制粒装置以不同的结构型式为人熟知。这类装置的关键部位是刀轴对制粒箱中不断旋转的水的密封。这就是说要避免该轴和制粒箱之间的区域内的水流出,否则水就会流到电动机的区域而造成麻烦。为此,现有技术提出了各式各样的密封,来尽可能可靠地密封围绕其轴线不断旋转的轴。
如果该轴不仅绕其自身的轴线旋转,而且还要轴向移动来调整切刀到孔板的距离并最佳地匹配切刀的切削压力,则这种情况变得更难对付。支承着切刀的轴可轴向移动的这类制粒装置同样有多种结构。在这种情况中,密封不仅必须防止透水和经受住轴承内的轴的旋转,而且还要持续地保证轴向的移动性。
在现有技术中,刀盘的轴大都支承在一个轴向可移动的套筒内,这样就可随时在孔板上调节切刀需要的压力。扭矩大多通过齿形联轴器传递到刀轴上。如果切下的粒料像大多数情况那样用水作冷却介质,则刀轴必须对制粒箱密封,以阻止水通过轴承流出。在这种情况下,会出现摩擦引起的问题。刀轴的轴向移动也会引起实现水密封的密封圈的工作面的移动,因此摩擦状况不断变化。齿形联轴器的摩擦系数在刀轴移动时也以类似方式变化。此外,必须考虑构成轴承的套筒是在一个必须润滑的滑动轴承内转动的。其次,由于润滑剂(大多为油)在一定时间后或多或少地产生胶化、导致随时间变化的不同的摩擦系数,以致产生相当大的断裂力矩,该力矩需要对抗,但通常只希望很小的轴向摩擦。此外,套筒轴承结构需要一定的成本。该轴在箱内的不断研磨的支承用两个其间带油膜的密封圈也是有缺点的,即密封的寿命一旦耗尽,密封变脆或渗漏,油膜中止,于是轴被咬止,轴的轴向移动性便不再有保证。
为了解决这个问题,现有技术提出了不同的方案,例如用电动机轴承结构取代轴的套筒轴承结构。此外,例如在DE 10 302 645或WO2006/122340中提出了电动机的各种悬挂装置,来保证刀轴持续地进行轴向移动。
发明内容
现在本发明提出一种开头述及的那类装置,该装置以结构简单和成本合理的方式保证了轴的区域内的密封性。
这个目的是通过权利要求1给出的特征来实现的,即在该轴及其穿过制粒箱的那些区域之间设计一个在制粒箱和外界之间建立贯通的流体连通的通流孔。
这种解决方案基于这样的意外发现:通过从制粒箱导出流动的冷却介质或通过相当快速的水流在制粒箱中类似于喷水泵那样产生一个比大气压力低的负压力。通过这个负压力把大气从外部通过该通流孔吸入制粒箱内。通过这股向内作用的气流可使冷却介质不再沿着这样的路径即在该轴旁边或沿着该轴顶着反向的气流向外排出。出乎意料之外的是,这个原理在制粒箱内很小负压力或很小压力差的情况下就能令人满意地实现。
由于这个原因,或由于在迄今为止总是要求最佳密封的、大多同时要求轴向移动的某一位置有意地构成一个泄漏点或不密封的点或通孔,就不再需要通过密封圈进行轴的密封或通过润滑剂以阻止轴和箱之间的水流出,并由此可不再用很严密的、较硬的、寿命较长的密封,或甚至可以完全不用密封。
所以,以这种结构很简单的方式可实现一种制粒装置,该制粒装置一方面在轴的关键范围内可防止冷却介质流出并在另一方面又可不用较昂贵的和易出故障的密封。
其他的有利结构方案或结构型式在各项从属权利要求的特征部分中提出:
根据一种优选结构型式,轴可在其纵轴线的方向内移动,所以切刀以最佳的切削压力切下粒料。对于轴不仅可绕其自身的轴线旋转而且还可轴向移动的热切制粒装置的这种结构型式来说,本发明装置也具有诸多明显的优点:一方面对这类轴向移动的轴持续地保证了密封性,另一方面如前所述,现有技术并没有满意地解决轴向移动的轴的密封问题,特别是密封的寿命短而且移动性有限。而本发明的结构型式则不再需要易磨损的密封,从而带来这样的附加优点,轴的轴向移动持续地保证了刀盘的调整。
根据一种优选的结构型式,轴被通流孔完全地且四周以圆环空隙或圆柱环的形式或呈圆柱外套状包围住,而且该轴无接触地贯通制粒箱或挖空的圆环孔隙状的自由空间。从而可减少现在成为空转的、不再有研磨的轴的摩擦,这又有助于节约材料和能源。
就这点而言,轴和/或电动机安装在制粒箱外是有好处的,这样在保持密封性和寿命的情况下,轴的摩擦被减少到最低限度并提高气流的有效性。另一种办法是,轴9在必要时也可通过一个布置在制粒箱1内的轴承来支承。
在本发明的另一种结构中,在该轴穿过制粒箱的区域内在制粒箱内布置一个包围该轴的法兰件,这时通流孔即设在该法兰件内,且轴以圆柱外套状或以圆环空隙形式被包围住。该法兰件附加地增加了冷却介质进入的困难。此外,该法兰件可作为该轴的导向用。
根据一种优选结构型式,该通流孔是永久敞开着的或容许持续气流进入或气流通过,从而可避免水或粒料引起的可能堵塞。
其次,通流孔没有密封件特别是没有一或多个密封圈和/或润滑油膜是有好处的。由于完全不用这类附加的密封装置,本发明装置—在同时保持密封性的情况下—在减少摩擦和改善轴向移动性的同时实现了不易发生故障,成本较低以及结构较简单。
根据另一优选结构型式,在通流孔中可布置一个最好支承在或构成在法兰件中的、向里推进的、包围住该轴的返回输送螺纹,从而在通流孔堵塞时有一定的防止可能水流出的故障保护并使进入空隙中的水不用气流即可重新被返回输送到制粒箱中。
如果该装置设计成熟知的热切粒料装置,在制粒箱中构成一个例如由水或乙二醇之类组成的环流液圈或液套,则是一种优选的结构型式。在这种情况下,水流的速度可这样调节,让足够大的气流通过通流孔,以阻止水流出或流过通流孔。通过提高冷却介质的流速或在冷却介质从制粒箱中流出时产生较高的真空度或较高的负压力并由此提高系统的密封性。
此外,可在制粒箱上连接一台真空泵来在制粒箱中至少部分地产生负压,这样,在停机或很小水流时也能保持密封性。
就这方面而言,最好把制粒箱设计成抗负压的,并把制粒箱设计成漏率很好,这样就总是有足够的空气通过通流孔吸入制粒箱中,并有足够强的气流通过通流孔,来阻止水流出或流过通流孔。特别是制粒箱在运行中除了通流孔和冷却介质的供入管和排出管外,最好是气密的,这样可使流体通过通流孔的效果达到最大。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点可从附图示意示出的有利实施例的说明中得知。
图1表示本发明装置;
图2表示该装置的另一种结构型式。
具体实施方式
图1所示装置的有利结构型式具有一个圆柱形的制粒箱1,该制粒箱在其特别是面向挤塑机的前端被孔板2限定,而在其对应的前端则被端壁14限定。在孔板2中设置有制粒塑化材料或熔液特别是热塑性塑料的供料通道3,该热塑性塑料在箭头方向4内从供料通道3流入多个分配通道5中,后者在孔板2的端面6处汇入喷嘴7,这些喷嘴呈圆形等距离围绕制粒箱1的中心纵轴线8布置。
纵轴线8同时构成轴9的旋转轴线,该轴在其面向孔板2的端部带有一个刀盘10,该刀盘配有多个切刀11,这些切刀在轴9围绕其轴线在箭头方向12旋转时掠过喷嘴7的出口并由此把喷嘴7挤出的线状塑料切成粒料。轴9的旋转是由布置在制粒箱1外面的端壁14后面的电动机13驱动的。
为了确保切刀11总是以要求的接触压力或最佳的切削压力掠过喷嘴7的出口,轴9在这种结构型式时连同驱动它的电动机13都可相对于制粒箱1在纵轴线8的轴向方向内运动或移动。为此,在这种情况中,用一个调节机构27,它可由任意类型的调节元件构成,例如通过螺纹、磁铁借助伺服电动机等等。轴9在径向内不运动或不明显运动。该调节机构在图1结构型式时固定在制粒箱1上并连接在电动机13的外壳上,但轴9的轴向移动也可按别的方式进行。
冷却介质尤指冷却水或水和乙二醇混合物在运行过程中被引入制粒箱1的内部。该冷却水通过管道21在箭头22的方向内切向供入并流入一个包围孔板2的环形空间23,从该处通过至少一个孔24进入制粒箱1,以水膜或水环的形式沿壁16的内侧流去并在切刀切下粒料后立即将其收集和冷却,从而防止了粒料的结块、冷却后的粒料随冷却水一起通过排出管25沿箭头26的方向从制粒箱1中排出。
图1的装置基本上是一种众所周知的热切粒料装置,这种装置的粒料运出是通过不断旋转的水膜来进行的。
轴9在端壁14的中心区的正中通过制粒箱1。轴9不是支承在制粒箱1的端壁14内,而是首先由电动机13支承。轴9无接触地通过制粒箱1,所以与制粒箱1不产生摩擦即与之保持一定距离。
轴9和制粒箱1之间的区域是没有研磨着的密封的,即在该区域内既没有密封圈又没有润滑剂之类的密封。所以在制粒箱1的内部和外部构成一个永久敞开的通流孔17,空气可按箭头31从外部流入制粒箱1的内部。通流孔17紧邻轴9或紧靠轴9旁边或轴9被通流孔17完全和全面地以圆柱形外套形状包围住。通流孔17具有圆柱环或环形空隙的形状或挖空成这种自由空间。
通过不断流动的冷却介质从制粒箱1的排出(箭头26)或尤其是出口25通过相当快的流速而可在制粒箱1中类似于喷水泵那样产生一定的比大气压力低的负压。这种负压也可通过出口25的结构和冷却介质继续在一个密封系统中例如在软管中的排出来产生。
另一种可资选择的或补充的办法是,这种负压也可至少部分地或辅助地通过接通真空泵来产生。所以制粒箱1必须对轻度至中度的负压具有一定的耐抗力。
通过这个负压可把大气按箭头31从外部经通流孔17沿轴9吸入制粒箱1的内部。由于这股向里作用的气流31,冷却介质不可能通过通流孔17顶着这股气流31向外流出。想不到的是,这个原理在制粒箱1中只有很低的负压时就能令人满意地实现。这就是说轴9穿过制粒箱1的区域对冷却介质的流出是密封的,从而在该区域不再使用较昂贵的和易发生故障的密封。
图2表示该装置的另一种有利的结构,这种结构基本上与图1的装置一致。只不过在制粒箱1的端壁14上在轴9穿入制粒箱1的范围内设置了一个呈环形包围住轴9的法兰元件19,通流孔17也在这个法兰件19内构成并呈圆柱外套形或圆柱环形全面地包围住轴9。轴9既不接触制粒箱1又不接触法兰件19并完全无接触地、无摩擦地和无磨损地进行转动以及离制粒箱1和/或法兰件19有一定距离。
在通流孔17中即法兰件19的周围设置了一个呈圆柱外套形或圆柱环形包围住轴9的返回输送螺纹30。返回输送螺纹30无接触地、有间隙地或最好轻轻地紧靠在轴9上并在制粒箱1的方向由向里推进。按此方式就可除掉可能的残余水,或者说如果制粒箱1内的真空度变得太低或暂时发生故障时提供一种故障防护方式。而气流则基本上没有被返回输送螺纹31阻挡,或者更确切地说仍然保留着一个永久敞开的通流孔17。
制粒箱1是这样设计的,其可能的漏率很低,在运行中总是有足够的空气通过通流孔17被吸入制粒箱1的内部,并提供足够强的气流通过通流孔17,以阻止水通过通流孔17流出或流过。如果制粒箱1在运行中除了通流孔17和冷却介质的进入管21和排出管25以外是足够气密的,这就令人满意。
Claims (9)
1.特别是热塑性塑料的热切粒料装置用于把从挤塑机熔化的线材在制粒箱(1)中用布置在一根轴(9)上通过电动机(13)驱动的不断旋转的切刀(11)切成粒料,其中,切下的粒料被一种在制粒箱(1)中不断流动的冷却介质收集、冷却并从制粒箱(1)排出,其特征为,在轴(9)和轴(9)所通过制粒箱(1)的那个区域之间设计一个在制粒箱(1)内部和外部环境之间建立流体连通的通流孔(17)。
2.按权利要求1的装置,其特征为,轴(9)在其纵轴线(8)的方向内可以轴向调节或者移动,以便切刀(11)以最佳的切削压力进行切粒。
3.按权利要求1或2的装置,其特征为,轴(9)被通流孔(17)完全地和全面地以圆环缝隙的形式或呈圆柱外套形包围住,或围绕轴(9)挖孔成圆环缝隙形的自由空间,且轴(9)不接触地通过制粒箱(1)。
4.按权利要求1至3任一项的装置,其特征为,轴(9)和/或电动机(13)支承在制粒箱(1)的外部。
5.按权利要求1至4任一项的装置,其特征为,在轴(9)穿入制粒箱(1)的范围内在制粒箱(1)的内部设置有一个包围住轴(9)的法兰元件(19),通流孔(17)即在法兰元件(19)中构成并以环形缝隙的形式或呈圆柱外套形包围住轴(9)。
6.按权利要求1至5任一项的装置,其特征为,通流孔(17)是永久敞开的或者说是保证永久通气的和/或没有密封剂尤其是没有一个或多个密封圈和/或没有润滑剂膜的。
7.按权利要求1至6任一项的装置,其特征为,在通流孔(17)中布置了一个最好支承在法兰元件(19)内的、向里推动包围住轴(9)的返回输送螺纹(30)。
8.按权利要求1至7任一项的装置,其特征为,该装置被设计成众所周知的热切粒料装置,在这种装置的制粒箱(1)中,冷却介质尤指冷却液形成一个环流的环或套,其中冷却介质的流速是可以这样调节的,即可以产生一股足够强的气流通过通流孔(17),以阻止冷却介质通过通流孔(17)流出或流动和/或配置一台附加的真空泵来在制粒箱(1)中产生负压。
9.按权利要求1至8任一项的装置,其特征为,制粒箱(1)设计成抗负压的,制粒箱(1)设计成漏率很小,总是有足够的空气通过通流孔(17)吸入制粒箱(1)的内部并有足够强的气流通过通流孔(17)产生,以便阻止冷却介质通过通流孔(17)流出或流动,特别是制粒箱(1)在运行中除了通流孔(17)和冷却介质的进入管和排出管外(21,25)是气密的。
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AT0196508A AT508199B1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2008-12-16 | Vorrichtung zur heissabschlag-granulierung |
PCT/AT2009/000445 WO2010075597A1 (de) | 2008-12-16 | 2009-11-18 | VORRICHTUNG ZUR HEIßABSCHLAG-GRANULIERUNG |
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Cited By (4)
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TWI583524B (zh) * | 2012-06-15 | 2017-05-21 | 瑪格自動有限公司 | 用於粒化融解材料之裝置 |
CN107283665A (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-24 | 浙江金彩新材料有限公司 | 色母造粒装置 |
CN114901447A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-08-12 | 安德里茨饲料及生物燃料股份公司 | 具有磁耦合的制粒机装置 |
CN114901447B (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2024-05-14 | 安德里茨饲料及生物燃料股份公司 | 具有磁耦合的制粒机装置 |
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AT508199B1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
AU2009335579B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CA2744983A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
PL2365900T3 (pl) | 2013-07-31 |
RU2501650C2 (ru) | 2013-12-20 |
AU2009335579A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
JP2012512049A (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
UA100793C2 (uk) | 2013-01-25 |
EP2365900B1 (de) | 2013-02-13 |
AT508199A1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
MX2011002577A (es) | 2011-07-28 |
RU2011127101A (ru) | 2013-01-10 |
DK2365900T3 (da) | 2013-05-27 |
CN102256759B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
BRPI0920523A2 (pt) | 2015-12-22 |
CA2744983C (en) | 2016-05-24 |
KR20110099215A (ko) | 2011-09-07 |
ES2401229T3 (es) | 2013-04-17 |
US20110287123A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
EP2365900A1 (de) | 2011-09-21 |
WO2010075597A1 (de) | 2010-07-08 |
SI2365900T1 (sl) | 2013-05-31 |
PT2365900E (pt) | 2013-05-15 |
JP5497059B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
US8985986B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
ZA201100191B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
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