CN102248137A - Continuous casting and direct forming die for copper clad aluminum composite material with irregular section, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Continuous casting and direct forming die for copper clad aluminum composite material with irregular section, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102248137A CN102248137A CN2011102072693A CN201110207269A CN102248137A CN 102248137 A CN102248137 A CN 102248137A CN 2011102072693 A CN2011102072693 A CN 2011102072693A CN 201110207269 A CN201110207269 A CN 201110207269A CN 102248137 A CN102248137 A CN 102248137A
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous casting and direct forming die for a copper clad aluminum composite material with an irregular section, and a process thereof. The adopted die is composed of an outer die 3 and a core pipe 4, wherein the shape and thickness of a copper clad aluminum composite casting blank cladding layer are jointly controlled by the cavity size of the outer die 3 and the overall dimension of the core pipe 4; and the dimension of aluminum at the core part is controlled by the overall dimension of the core pipe 4 so as to control the shape and cladding thickness of the copper clad aluminum composite material. The copper clad aluminum irregular blank continuous casting one-step forming technology provided by the invention shortens the technological process, has high production efficiency, dispenses with the procedure of surface pretreatment, ensures good interface combing performance, is capable of accurately controlling the section shape and cladding rate of a dual-metal irregular blank, facilitates operation and control, and obviously improves the yield of finished products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the continuous casting technology field, a kind of direct composite forming die of horizontal casting and technology thereof of special-shaped section copper cover aluminum composite is provided.
Background technology
Bimetallic profiled-cross-section composite is in field extensive application such as electric, oil, Aero-Space.For example, the copper-clad aluminum laminated busbar of square-section is owing to combine the advantages such as low-density, low cost of fine copper excellent conducting performance, switching performance and fine aluminium, can be in big current delivery field such as industries such as bus mains system, electrical power trans mission/distribution system, low-voltage complete switch equipment, control appliance replace the fine copper busbars.
The preparation technology of the copper cover aluminum composite of the profiled-cross-section of open report mainly contains following several:
First method is quiet liquid extrusion.Quiet liquid extrusion can the direct forming profiled-cross-section bimetallic cladding material and need not to begin processing from circular cross-section cladding material, can be used for producing square, rectangle, tubular and copper cover aluminum composite that cross sectional shape is more complicated (see: thank build new etc. materials processing new technology and new technology. metallurgical industry publishing house, (2004), p. 263-268).Resisting medium in the recipient of quiet liquid extrusion has significantly reduced the frictional force between blank and recipient and the mould, thereby can improve the uniformity of metal flow greatly.But the subject matter that quiet liquid extrusion exists is: need during the bimetallic cladding material of (1) shaping noncircular cross section clad metal and the preprocessing of core metal tubing and bar that to be size accurately cooperate with mould, and to carry out a series of surface treatments to both, to guarantee compound preceding " cleaning " interface, technological process long (see: Hu Jie. machining and automation .No. 9(2001), p. 27-28); (2) equipment complexity, the equipment investment of quiet liquid extrusion process are big; (3) quiet liquid extrusion is difficult to realize continuous production, and unproductive off time is long, and production efficiency is low.
Second method is earlier aluminium liquid to be poured into the special-shaped compound strand of preparation copper aluminium in the special-shaped copper pipe, then through the cuprum-cladding-aluminium bus array of rolling, drawing forming rectangular cross section (see: Zhang Jianhua etc. the ingot casting of copper-aluminum compound busbar, stretch forming process and equipment. Chinese patent: ZL200710177267.8), this method major defect is: the special-shaped copper pipe and copper pipe carried out surface treatment of need being shaped in advance before (1) copper aluminium is compound has increased production cost and environmental pressure; When (2) aluminium liquid pours into copper pipe, be difficult to avoid the problem of oxidation of copper pipe inner surface, cause copper aluminium combination interface quality to descend; (3) the preparation process right and wrong of the special-shaped compound strand of copper aluminium are successional, and single composite blank length is shorter, and blank truncates because of defectives such as loose and rising head need crop in addition, and production efficiency and lumber recovery are all lower.
The third method be adopt earlier the direct combined forming process of horizontal casting (see: thank build new etc. a kind of coating material horizontal continuous casting direct recombination forming apparatus and technology. Chinese patent: ZL200610112817.3.) the copper cover aluminum composite blank of preparation circular cross section, and then by technologies such as rolling, drawing prepare rectangular cross section copper-clad aluminum laminated busbar (see: thank build new etc. a kind of high-performance cooper-coated aluminum rectangle section compound conductive bus row and preparation technology thereof. Chinese patent: ZL200810057668.4).This method adopts the direct combined shaping legal system of horizontal casting to be equipped with circular cross section copper cover aluminum blank, can avoid blank preform and surface-treated problem, improved production efficiency, shortened technological process, but, be processed in the process of special-shaped section not only technology more complicated, and because distortion is complicated at the circle base because the plastic deformation ability of copper and aluminium differs greatly, owing to the inharmonious defectives such as limit portion cracking, interface cracking that produce of distortion, reduced the lumber recovery of product easily.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to problem at existing special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite material preparation process existence, a kind of preparation method and continuous casting shaping dies that adopts the direct combined forming process of horizontal casting directly to prepare special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite is provided, the technological process of production of special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite is significantly shortened, and production efficiency and lumber recovery are improved, section configuration and cladding ratio are controlled.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, a kind of mould that adopts horizontal casting to prepare special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite is provided, the key component of this mould is made up of external mold 3 and core pipe 4, control the shape and the thickness of the compound strand clad of copper cover aluminum jointly by the appearance and size of the inner cavity size of external mold 3 and core pipe 4, control the size of core aluminium by the appearance and size of core pipe 4, thereby realize the shape of copper cover aluminum composite and the control that coats thickness.
As required, that the inner chamber of the external mold 3 of this mould and the profile of core pipe 4 can be designed to is square, rectangle, ellipse etc. are abnormally-structured, thereby produces the compound strand of copper cover aluminum with above-mentioned shape.The endoporus of core pipe 4 is an aluminium liquid passage, can be designed as circle or the shape the same with profile.The profile of core pipe 4 has tapering vertically, and taper value α is 0.5 °～2 °.Round-corner transitions are adopted at four angles of the external mold 3 of square and rectangular billet, and radius of corner is 3～8mm, and the inner chamber of external mold 3 is not with tapering, and external mold 3 and core pipe 4 are realized accurately location by Compound Cavity.Mold materials can be refractory materials such as graphite or boron nitride.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of using above-mentioned mould for continuous casting to prepare special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite, this method technological process is short, production efficiency is high, the section configuration controllability is strong, its technical scheme is specially: will be assembled together by continuous casting unit such as copper temperature control crucible, aluminium temperature control crucible, mozzle, Compound Cavity, graphite mold, secondary cooling system, haulage gear and saw cutting mechanisms, and form continuous casting system.Earlier melted copper liquid and aluminium liquid are injected into copper temperature control crucible and aluminium temperature control crucible and insulation respectively.Copper liquid is via mozzle and Compound Cavity, enters by being installed in the casting mold 6 that external mold 3 in the graphite mold 1 and core pipe 4 form, and is frozen into special-shaped copper pipe under the effect of cooling water; Simultaneously, aluminium liquid is poured in the copper pipe via the aluminium liquid passage 5 of mozzle and core pipe 4, and is casting mold solidify out into core with the copper pipe, thus the compound strand of preparation section.The section configuration of the compound strand of copper cover aluminum and coating thickness are controlled jointly by external mold 3 and core pipe 4.The compound strand of copper cover aluminum cuts off by saw cutting device after drawing continuously by haulage gear through the further cooling of secondary cooling water is back, reaching certain-length.Only need to change the mould in the graphite mold, just can prepare the special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite of different section shape and cladding ratio.
The required cooling velocity of compound strand is controlled jointly by the temperature of cooling velocity, temperature control crucible and the Compound Cavity of the dummy ingot speed of haulage gear, graphite mold 1, the intensity of cooling of secondary cooling water.
Copper temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 1150～1300 ℃, and aluminium temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 690～900 ℃, and the temperature of Compound Cavity is controlled at 1100～1300 ℃.Dummy ingot speed is V=50～500mm/min; The intensity of cooling of graphite mold is with cooling water flow in the crystallizer and pressure representative, and its flow is 0.5～10m
3/ h, pressure are 0.05～0.5MPa.
Cooling characteristics according to the section strand adopt many shower nozzles secondary cooling system, and at 4 controlled shower nozzles of independence of axially upper and lower, the forward and backward employing of strand, the intensity of cooling of each secondary cooling water shower nozzle is that spray flow is 50～1000L/h.
Special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite material preparation process provided by the invention and mould have the following advantages:
(1) copper cover aluminum casting for shaped blank continuous once-forming need not preform clad metal pipe material or band and core metal bar, has saved the clad metal and the preformed operation of core metal of existing technology, has shortened technological process;
(2) adopt horizontal continuous casting process, its equipment is simple, easy to maintenance, helps carrying out automation and serialization production, the production efficiency height;
(3) clad metal and core metal are clean interface before compound, the operation of not only having exempted surface preparation, and also interfacial combined function is good;
(4) by the design of mould structure and size, can accurately control the cross sectional shape and the cladding ratio of the special-shaped base of bimetallic, operation and control are convenient;
(5), in rolling, drawing equal pressure process, easily, reduce and process lumber recovery because distortion inharmonious such as cracks at defective at bimetallic cladding material because clad metal and the difference of core metal on processing characteristics.And adopt horizontal casting directly to prepare the section strand, and the following process operation is simple, and the clad metal and the core metal deformation that can effectively solve in the following process process are inharmonious, improve the lumber recovery of finished product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is respectively the cross-sectional configuration figure of the typical strand of square, rectangle, ellipse shape for section configuration;
Fig. 2 is used for the graphite mold and the mould schematic diagram of square section copper cover aluminum horizontal casting for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the A of Fig. 2 is to view;
Fig. 4 is graphite mold and the mould schematic diagram that is used for rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum horizontal casting of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the A of Fig. 4 is to view;
Fig. 6 is ellipse shape section copper cover aluminum horizontal casting graphite mold and the mould schematic diagram of being used for of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that the A of Fig. 6 is to view.
The specific embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and conjunction with figs., the present invention is described in more detail
Embodiment 1: appearance and size 42 * 42mm, its mould of the direct combined shaping of horizontal casting and the technology thereof of the square copper cover aluminum composite of copper layer thickness 3mm.
Direct composite forming copper cladding aluminum external mold that square billet adopts 3 of horizontal casting and core pipe 4 all adopt high purity graphite processing.External mold 3 designs according to Fig. 3 with core pipe 4, and the inner chamber cross sectional dimensions of external mold 3 is width 42mm, height 42mm, and radius of corner is 8mm, and the inner chamber of external mold 3 is not with tapering; The cross-sectional profile of core pipe 4 is of a size of width 36mm, height 36mm, and radius of corner is 8mm, and the tapering α of core pipe 4 is 2 °.Adopt threaded engagement or cone match mode between the water cooling copper sleeve 2 of external mold 3 and graphite mold 1, the relative position between external mold 3 and the core pipe 4 is guaranteed by the accurate location between Compound Cavity and the graphite mold.
Copper/Al bimetal cladding square billet appearance and size 42 * 42mm, copper layer thickness 3mm.Aluminium liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 690 ℃; Copper liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 1150 ℃ of scopes; The cooling water flow of control water-cooled metal mould graphite mold is 0.5～1.6m
3/ h, secondary cooling water flow are 0.4～1.6m
3/ h, hydraulic pressure are 0.1～0.3MPa; Regulate haulage gear and make that the casting speed of continuous casting casting is 50～120mm/min, can obtain the compound square billet of high-quality continuous casting copper/Al bimetal.
Embodiment 2: appearance and size 50 * 30mm, the direct combined forming process of horizontal casting and the mould thereof of the rectangle copper cover aluminum composite of copper layer thickness 3mm.
Direct composite forming copper cladding aluminum external mold that rectangular bloom adopts 3 of horizontal casting and core pipe 4 all adopt high purity graphite processing.External mold 3 designs according to Fig. 4 with core pipe 4, and the inner chamber cross sectional dimensions of external mold 3 is width 50mm, height 30mm, and radius of corner is 3mm, and the inner chamber of external mold 3 is not with tapering; The cross-sectional profile of core pipe 4 is of a size of width 44mm, height 24mm, and radius of corner is 3mm, and the tapering α of core pipe 4 is 0.5 °.Adopt threaded engagement or cone match mode between external mold 3 and the water cooling copper sleeve 2, the relative position between external mold 3 and the core pipe 4 is guaranteed by the accurate location between Compound Cavity and the graphite mold 1.
Copper cover aluminum bimetallic cladding rectangular bloom appearance and size 50 * 30mm, copper layer thickness 3mm.Aluminium liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 800 ℃; Copper liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 1300 ℃; The cooling water flow of control water-cooled metal mould crystallizer 1 is 0.5～1.6m
3/ h, secondary cooling water flow are 0.4～1.0m
3/ h, hydraulic pressure are 0.1～0.3MPa; Regulate haulage gear and make that the casting speed of continuous casting casting is 60～200mm/min, can obtain high-quality continuous casting copper cover aluminum bimetallic composite rectangular base.
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further detailed description; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. mould that adopts horizontal casting to prepare special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite, it is characterized in that: described mould is made up of external mold 3 and core pipe 4, is controlled the shape and the thickness of the compound strand clad of copper cover aluminum jointly by the appearance and size of the inner cavity size of described external mold 3 and described core pipe 4; Control the size of core aluminium by the appearance and size of described core pipe 4, thereby realize the shape of copper cover aluminum composite and the control that coats thickness.
2. horizontal casting according to claim 1 prepares the mould of special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite, it is characterized in that: the profile of the inner chamber of described external mold 3 and described core pipe 4 is square, rectangle, ellipse; The endoporus of described core pipe 4 is an aluminium liquid passage 5, and it is shaped as circle or identical with the shape of profile square, rectangle, ellipse; The profile of described core pipe 4 has tapering vertically.
3. horizontal casting according to claim 2 prepares the mould of special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite, it is characterized in that: round-corner transition is adopted at described four angles with external mold 3 of square and rectangular inner cavity, and radius of corner is 3～8mm.
4. horizontal casting according to claim 2 prepares the mould of special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite, it is characterized in that: the profile of described core pipe 4 has tapering vertically, and taper value α is 0.5 °～2 °.
5. prepare the mould of special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite according to the described horizontal casting of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described mold materials is graphite or boron nitride refractory material.
6. method for preparing special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite is characterized in that comprising step:
1) copper temperature control crucible, aluminium temperature control crucible, mozzle, Compound Cavity, graphite mold, secondary cooling system, haulage gear and a plurality of continuous castings of saw cutting mechanism unit are assembled together, form continuous casting system;
2) earlier melted copper liquid and aluminium liquid are injected into copper temperature control crucible and aluminium temperature control crucible and insulation respectively; Copper liquid is via mozzle and Compound Cavity, enters by being installed in the casting mold 6 that external mold 3 in the graphite mold 1 and core pipe 4 form, and is frozen into special-shaped copper pipe under the effect of cooling water;
3) simultaneously, aluminium liquid is poured in the copper pipe via the aluminium liquid passage 5 of mozzle and core pipe 4, and is casting mold solidify out into core with the copper pipe, thus the compound strand of preparation section copper cover aluminum;
4) the compound strand of copper cover aluminum is drawn by haulage gear continuously through after the further cooling of secondary cooling water, cuts off by saw cutting device after reaching specific length;
5) section configuration and the coating thickness of external mold 3 and the compound strand of core pipe 4 common control copper cover aluminum; By changing the mould in the graphite mold 1, the special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite of preparation different section shape and cladding ratio.
7. the method for the special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite of preparation according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the step 2 and 3, the required cooling velocity of the compound strand of copper cover aluminum is controlled jointly by the temperature of cooling velocity, copper temperature control crucible, aluminium temperature control crucible and the Compound Cavity of the dummy ingot speed of haulage gear, graphite mold 1.
8. the method for the special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite of preparation according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described copper temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 1150～1300 ℃, aluminium temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 690～900 ℃, and the temperature of Compound Cavity is controlled at 1100～1300 ℃; Dummy ingot speed is 50～500mm/min; The cooling water flow of graphite mold is 0.5～10m
3/ h, cooling water pressure are 0.05～0.5MPa.
9. the method for the special-shaped copper cover aluminum composite of preparation according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in step 4, described secondary cooling water adopts many shower nozzles secondary cooling system, adopt 4 secondary cooling water shower nozzles that independence is controlled in upper and lower, the forward and backward position that strand is axial, the spray flow of each secondary cooling water shower nozzle is 50～1000L/h.
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| CN103341598A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 烟台孚信达双金属股份有限公司 | Crystallizer for casting of copper-clad aluminum composite materials |
| CN103418761A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-12-04 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Polygon curved surface inner wall crystallizer for continuous casting of tube blank |
| CN103658572A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-03-26 | 山东亨圆铜业有限公司 | Copper pipe horizontal continuous casting gas shield crystallizer and method for preparing copper alloy pipe through copper pipe horizontal continuous casting gas shield crystallizer |
| CN104174823A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-03 | 北京科技大学 | Clad material solid/liquid composite continuous-casting forming device and method |
| CN106513458A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-22 | 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 | Hydrostatic extrusion forming process for magnesium alloy/aluminum alloy pipe |
| CN109277539A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-29 | 无锡市锡山变压器电炉厂 | Horizontal casting unit bull crystallizer |
| WO2019149138A1 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-08 | 浙江海亮股份有限公司 | Continuous casting cooling mold |
| CN116922106A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-24 | 江苏瑞邦复合材料科技有限公司 | Forming method and forming equipment for composite flat wire of wind generating set |
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| CN109277539B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2023-09-12 | 无锡市锡山变压器电炉厂 | Multi-head crystallizer of horizontal continuous casting machine set |
| CN116922106A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-24 | 江苏瑞邦复合材料科技有限公司 | Forming method and forming equipment for composite flat wire of wind generating set |
| CN116922106B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2024-01-05 | 江苏瑞邦复合材料科技有限公司 | Forming method and forming equipment for composite flat wire of wind generating set |
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