CN102248137B - Continuous casting and direct forming die for copper clad aluminum composite material with irregular section, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Continuous casting and direct forming die for copper clad aluminum composite material with irregular section, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102248137B CN102248137B CN 201110207269 CN201110207269A CN102248137B CN 102248137 B CN102248137 B CN 102248137B CN 201110207269 CN201110207269 CN 201110207269 CN 201110207269 A CN201110207269 A CN 201110207269A CN 102248137 B CN102248137 B CN 102248137B
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous casting and direct forming die for a copper clad aluminum composite material with an irregular section, and a process thereof. The adopted die is composed of an outer die 3 and a core pipe 4, wherein the shape and thickness of a copper clad aluminum composite casting blank cladding layer are jointly controlled by the cavity size of the outer die 3 and the overall dimension of the core pipe 4; and the dimension of aluminum at the core part is controlled by the overall dimension of the core pipe 4 so as to control the shape and cladding thickness of the copper clad aluminum composite material. The copper clad aluminum irregular blank continuous casting one-step forming technology provided by the invention shortens the technological process, has high production efficiency, dispenses with the procedure of surface pretreatment, ensures good interface combing performance, is capable of accurately controlling the section shape and cladding rate of a dual-metal irregular blank, facilitates operation and control, and obviously improves the yield of finished products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the continuous casting technology field, a kind of horizontal casting direct combination shaping dies and technique thereof of special-shaped section copper-coated aluminium composite material is provided.
Background technology
Bimetallic profiled-cross-section composite is in field extensive application such as electric, oil, Aero-Space.For example, the copper-clad aluminum laminated busbar of square-section is owing to combine the advantages such as low-density, low cost of the good electric conductivity of fine copper, switching performance and fine aluminium, can be in large current delivery field such as the industries replacement fine copper busbars such as bus mains system, electrical power trans mission/distribution system, low-voltage complete switch equipment, control appliance.
The preparation technology of the copper-coated aluminium composite material of the profiled-cross-section of open report mainly contains following several:
First method is the hydrostatic extrusion method.The hydrostatic extrusion method can the direct forming profiled-cross-section bimetallic cladding material and need not to begin processing from circular cross-section cladding material, can be used for producing square, rectangle, tubular and copper-coated aluminium composite material that cross sectional shape is more complicated (see: thank build new etc. materials processing new technology and new technology. metallurgical industry publishing house, (2004), p. 263-268).Resisting medium in the recipient of hydrostatic extrusion method has significantly reduced the frictional force between blank and recipient and the mould, thereby can greatly improve the uniformity of metal flow.But hydrostatic extrusion method Main Problems is: need during the bimetallic of (1) shaping noncircular cross section cladding material clad metal and the preprocessing of core metal tubing and bar that to be size accurately cooperate with mould, and to carry out a series of surface treatments to both, to guarantee compound front " cleaning " interface, technological process long (see: Hu Jie. machining and automation .No. 9(2001), p. 27-28); (2) equipment of hydrostatic extrusion technique is complicated, equipment investment is large; (3) the hydrostatic extrusion method is difficult to realize continuous production, and unproductive off time is long, and production efficiency is low.
Second method is first aluminium liquid to be poured into the special-shaped compound strand of preparation copper aluminium in the special copper pipe, then through the cuprum-cladding-aluminium bus array of rolling, drawing forming rectangular cross section (see: Zhang Jianhua etc. the ingot casting of copper-aluminum compound busbar, stretch forming process and equipment. Chinese patent: ZL200710177267.8), this method major defect is: (1) copper aluminium preshaped special copper pipe of compound front need also carries out surface treatment to copper pipe, has increased production cost and environmental pressure; When (2) aluminium liquid pours into copper pipe, be difficult to avoid the problem of oxidation of copper pipe inner surface, cause the Cu and Al combination interface quality to descend; (3) the preparation process right and wrong of the special-shaped compound strand of copper aluminium are successional, and single composite blank length is shorter, and blank truncates because the defectives such as loose and rising head need crop in addition, and production efficiency and lumber recovery are all lower.
The third method be adopt first horizontal casting direct combination forming technology (see: thank build new etc. a kind of coating material horizontal continuous casting direct recombination forming apparatus and technique. Chinese patent: ZL200610112817.3.) the copper cover aluminum composite blank of preparation circular cross section, and then by the techniques such as rolling, drawing prepare rectangular cross section copper-clad aluminum laminated busbar (see: thank build new etc. a kind of high-performance cooper-coated aluminum rectangle section compound conductive bus row and preparation technology thereof. Chinese patent: ZL200810057668.4).This method adopts horizontal casting direct combination forming process to prepare circular cross section copper cover aluminum blank, can avoid blank preform and surface-treated problem, improved production efficiency, shortened technological process, but because the plastic deformation ability of copper and aluminium differs greatly, be processed in the process of special-shaped section not only technique more complicated at the circle base, and because distortion is complicated, owing to the inharmonious defectives such as edge crack, Interface Cracking that produce of distortion, reduced the lumber recovery of product easily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the problem for existing special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material preparation technology existence, a kind of preparation method and continuous casting shaping dies that adopts horizontal casting direct combination forming technology directly to prepare special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material is provided, the technological process of production of special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material is significantly shortened, and production efficiency and lumber recovery are improved, section configuration and cladding ratio are controlled.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, a kind of mould that adopts horizontal casting to prepare special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material is provided, the key component of this mould is comprised of external mold 3 and core pipe 4, shape and thickness by the compound strand clad of appearance and size co-controlling copper cover aluminum of the inner cavity size of external mold 3 and core pipe 4, control the size of core aluminium by the appearance and size of core pipe 4, thereby realize the shape of copper-coated aluminium composite material and the control that coats thickness.
As required, that the inner chamber of the external mold 3 of this mould and the profile of core pipe 4 can be designed to is square, rectangle, ellipse etc. are abnormally-structured, thereby produces the compound strand of copper cover aluminum with above-mentioned shape.The endoporus of core pipe 4 is aluminium liquid passage, can be designed as circle or the shape the same with profile.The profile of core pipe 4 is vertically with tapering, and taper value α is 0.5 °～2 °.Round-corner transitions are adopted at four angles of the external mold 3 of square and rectangular billet, and radius of corner is 3～8mm, and the inner chamber of external mold 3 is not with tapering, and external mold 3 and core pipe 4 are realized accurately location by Compound Cavity.Mold materials can be the refractory materials such as graphite or boron nitride.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of using above-mentioned mould for continuous casting to prepare special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material, the method technological process is short, production efficiency is high, the section configuration controllability is strong, its technical scheme is specially: will be assembled together by continuous casting unit such as copper temperature control crucible, aluminium temperature control crucible, mozzle, Compound Cavity, graphite mold, secondary cooling system, haulage gear and saw cutting mechanisms, and form continuous casting system.First melted copper liquid and aluminium liquid are injected into respectively copper temperature control crucible and aluminium temperature control crucible and insulation.Copper liquid is via mozzle and Compound Cavity, enters by being installed in the casting mold 6 that external mold 3 in the graphite mold 1 and core pipe 4 form, and is frozen into special copper pipe under the effect of cooling water; Simultaneously, aluminium liquid is poured in the copper pipe via the aluminium liquid passage 5 of mozzle and core pipe 4, and solidifies out into core take copper pipe as casting mold, thus the compound strand of preparation section.The section configuration of the compound strand of copper cover aluminum and coating thickness are by external mold 3 and core pipe 4 co-controllings.The compound strand of copper cover aluminum cuts off by saw cutting device after drawing continuously by haulage gear through after the further cooling of secondary cooling water, reaching certain-length.Only need to change the mould in the graphite mold, just can prepare the special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material of different section shape and cladding ratio.
The required cooling velocity of compound strand is by the temperature of cooling velocity, temperature control crucible and the Compound Cavity of the dummy ingot speed of haulage gear, graphite mold 1, the intensity of cooling co-controlling of secondary cooling water.
Copper temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 1150～1300 ℃, and aluminium temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 690～900 ℃, and the temperature of Compound Cavity is controlled at 1100～1300 ℃.Dummy ingot speed is V=50～500mm/min; The intensity of cooling of graphite mold is with the cooling water flow in the crystallizer and pressure representative, and its flow is 0.5～10m
3/ h, pressure are 0.05～0.5MPa.
Cooling characteristics according to the section strand adopt many shower nozzles secondary cooling system, and at axial 4 the controlled shower nozzles of independence of upper and lower, forward and backward employing of strand, the intensity of cooling of each secondary cooling water shower nozzle is that spray flow is 50～1000L/h.
Special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material preparation technology provided by the invention and mould have the following advantages:
(1) copper cover aluminum casting for shaped blank continuous once-forming need not preform clad metal pipe material or band and core metal bar, has saved clad metal and the preformed operation of core metal of existing technique, has shortened technological process;
(2) adopt horizontal continuous casting process, its equipment is simple, easy to maintenance, is conducive to carry out automation and serialization production, and production efficiency is high;
(3) clad metal and core metal are clean interface before compound, the operation of not only having exempted surface preparation, and also interfacial combined function is good;
(4) by the design of mould structure and size, can accurately control cross sectional shape and the cladding ratio of bimetallic Hot Metal in Beam Blank, operation and control are convenient;
(5) because clad metal and the difference of core metal on processing characteristics,, in rolling, drawing equal pressure process, easily because distortion inharmonious such as cracks at the defective, reduce and process lumber recovery at bimetallic cladding material.And adopting horizontal casting directly to prepare the section strand, the following process operation is simple, can effectively solve clad metal in the following process process and the deformation of core metal, improves the lumber recovery of finished product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional configuration figure of the section configuration typical strand that is respectively square, rectangle, ellipse shape;
Fig. 2 is graphite mold and the mould schematic diagram that the present invention is used for square section copper cover aluminum horizontal casting;
Fig. 3 is that the A of Fig. 2 is to view;
Fig. 4 is the graphite mold for rectangular cross section copper cover aluminum horizontal casting of the present invention and mould schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the A of Fig. 4 is to view;
Fig. 6 is of the present invention for ellipse shape section copper cover aluminum horizontal casting graphite mold and mould schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is that the A of Fig. 6 is to view.
The specific embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and cooperate accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail
Embodiment 1: appearance and size 42 * 42mm, the horizontal casting direct combination of the square copper-coated aluminium composite material of copper layer thickness 3mm be shaped its mould and technique thereof.
Horizontal casting direct combination forming copper cladding aluminum external mold that square billet adopts 3 and core pipe 4 all adopt high purity graphite processing.External mold 3 designs according to Fig. 3 with core pipe 4, and the inner chamber cross sectional dimensions of external mold 3 is width 42mm, height 42mm, and radius of corner is 8mm, and the inner chamber of external mold 3 is not with tapering; The cross-sectional profile of core pipe 4 is of a size of width 36mm, height 36mm, and radius of corner is 8mm, and the tapering α of core pipe 4 is 2 °.Adopt threaded engagement or cone match mode between the water cooling copper sleeve 2 of external mold 3 and graphite mold 1, the relative position between external mold 3 and the core pipe 4 is guaranteed by the accurate location between Compound Cavity and the graphite mold.
Copper/Al bimetal cladding square billet appearance and size 42 * 42mm, copper layer thickness 3mm.Aluminium liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 690 ℃; Copper liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 1150 ℃ of scopes; The cooling water flow of control water-cooled metal mould graphite mold is 0.5～1.6m
3/ h, secondary cooling water flow are 0.4～1.6m
3/ h, hydraulic pressure are 0.1～0.3MPa; Regulate haulage gear so that the casting speed of continuous casting casting is 50～120mm/min, can obtain the compound square billet of high-quality continuous casting copper/Al bimetal.
Embodiment 2: appearance and size 50 * 30mm, horizontal casting direct combination forming technology and the mould thereof of the rectangle copper-coated aluminium composite material of copper layer thickness 3mm.
Horizontal casting direct combination forming copper cladding aluminum external mold that rectangular bloom adopts 3 and core pipe 4 all adopt high purity graphite processing.External mold 3 designs according to Fig. 4 with core pipe 4, and the inner chamber cross sectional dimensions of external mold 3 is width 50mm, height 30mm, and radius of corner is 3mm, and the inner chamber of external mold 3 is not with tapering; The cross-sectional profile of core pipe 4 is of a size of width 44mm, height 24mm, and radius of corner is 3mm, and the tapering α of core pipe 4 is 0.5 °.Adopt threaded engagement or cone match mode between external mold 3 and the water cooling copper sleeve 2, the relative position between external mold 3 and the core pipe 4 is guaranteed by the accurate location between Compound Cavity and the graphite mold 1.
Copper cover aluminum bimetallic cladding rectangular bloom appearance and size 50 * 30mm, copper layer thickness 3mm.Aluminium liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 800 ℃; Copper liquid melt temperature in the insulation crucible is controlled at 1300 ℃; The cooling water flow of control water-cooled metal mould crystallizer 1 is 0.5～1.6m
3/ h, secondary cooling water flow are 0.4～1.0m
3/ h, hydraulic pressure are 0.1～0.3MPa; Regulate haulage gear so that the casting speed of continuous casting casting is 60～200mm/min, can obtain high-quality continuous casting copper alclad bimetallic composite rectangular base.
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further detailed description; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. method for preparing special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material is characterized in that:
The mould that described method is used comprises:
Formed by external mold (3) and core pipe (4), by shape and the thickness of the compound strand clad of appearance and size co-controlling copper cover aluminum of the inner cavity size of described external mold (3) and described core pipe (4); Control the size of core aluminium by the appearance and size of described core pipe (4), thereby realize the shape of copper-coated aluminium composite material and the control that coats thickness; The profile of the inner chamber of described external mold (3) and described core pipe (4) is square, rectangle, ellipse; The endoporus of described core pipe (4) is aluminium liquid passage (5), and it is shaped as circle or identical with the shape of profile square, rectangle, ellipse; Round-corner transition is adopted at described four angles with external mold (3) of square and rectangular inner cavity, and radius of corner is 3～8mm, and the profile of described core pipe (4) is vertically with tapering, and taper value α is 0.5～2.0 °;
Described method comprises step:
1) copper temperature control crucible, aluminium temperature control crucible, mozzle, Compound Cavity, graphite mold, secondary cooling system, haulage gear and a plurality of continuous castings of saw cutting mechanism unit are assembled together, form continuous casting system;
2) first melted copper liquid and aluminium liquid are injected into respectively copper temperature control crucible and aluminium temperature control crucible and insulation; Copper liquid is via mozzle and Compound Cavity, enters by being installed in the casting mold (6) that external mold (3) in the graphite mold (1) and core pipe (4) form, and is frozen into special copper pipe under the effect of cooling water;
3) simultaneously, aluminium liquid is poured in the copper pipe via the aluminium liquid passage (5) of mozzle and core pipe (4), and solidifies out into core take copper pipe as casting mold, thus the compound strand of preparation section copper cover aluminum;
4) the compound strand of copper cover aluminum is drawn by haulage gear continuously through after the further cooling of secondary cooling water, cuts off by saw cutting device after reaching specific length;
5) section configuration and the coating thickness of external mold (3) and the compound strand of core pipe (4) co-controlling copper cover aluminum; By changing the mould in the graphite mold (1), the special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material of preparation different section shape and cladding ratio.
2. the method for the special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material of preparation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) and 3) in, the required cooling velocity of the compound strand of copper cover aluminum is by the temperature co-controlling of cooling velocity, copper temperature control crucible, aluminium temperature control crucible and the Compound Cavity of the dummy ingot speed of haulage gear, graphite mold (1).
3. the method for the special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material of preparation according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described copper temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 1150～1300 ℃, aluminium temperature control crucible temperature is controlled at 690～900 ℃, and the temperature of Compound Cavity is controlled at 1100～1300 ℃; Dummy ingot speed is 50～500mm/min; The cooling water flow of graphite mold is 0.5～10m
3/ h, cooling water pressure are 0.05～0.5MPa.
4. the method for the special-shaped copper-coated aluminium composite material of preparation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in step 4), described secondary cooling water adopts many shower nozzles secondary cooling system, adopt 4 secondary cooling water shower nozzles that independence is controlled in upper and lower, the forward and backward position that strand is axial, the spray flow of each secondary cooling water shower nozzle is 50～1000L/h.
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| CN103341598A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 烟台孚信达双金属股份有限公司 | Crystallizer for casting of copper-clad aluminum composite materials |
| CN103418761B (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-05-27 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Polygon curved surface inner wall crystallizer for continuous casting of tube blank |
| CN103658572B (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2015-05-13 | 山东亨圆铜业有限公司 | Copper pipe horizontal continuous casting gas shield crystallizer and method for preparing copper alloy pipe through copper pipe horizontal continuous casting gas shield crystallizer |
| CN104174823B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-04-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of clad material solid-liquid composite continuous casting former and method |
| CN106513458A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-22 | 无锡市明盛强力风机有限公司 | Hydrostatic extrusion forming process for magnesium alloy/aluminum alloy pipe |
| CN108237208A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-07-03 | 浙江海亮股份有限公司 | A kind of continuous cast mold |
| CN109277539B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2023-09-12 | 无锡市锡山变压器电炉厂 | Multi-head crystallizer of horizontal continuous casting machine set |
| CN116922106B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2024-01-05 | 江苏瑞邦复合材料科技有限公司 | Forming method and forming equipment for composite flat wire of wind generating set |
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| JP3849092B2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2006-11-22 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | Method for producing aluminum alloy clad material |
| CN1323407C (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2007-06-27 | 大连昌兴新材料科技开发有限公司 | Special-shaped copper-clad aluminium wire and method of production |
| CN100469472C (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2009-03-18 | 清华大学 | Semi-solid multi-blank extruding process and apparatus for forming double-layer composite pipe |
| CN101540221B (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2011-01-26 | 沈阳工业大学 | Preparation method and mould of liquid-solid composite forming copper cladding aluminum bus duct platoon blank |
| CN101596587A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2009-12-09 | 华鹏集团有限公司 | Composite casting crystallizer device |
| CN201558943U (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-08-25 | 华鹏集团有限公司 | Copper-aluminum composite circular tube casting crystallizer apparatus |
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