CN104174823B - A kind of clad material solid-liquid composite continuous casting former and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming device and method for cladding materials, belonging to the technical field of cladding materials continuous casting. In the present invention, a core material protection device, a flow guide tube, a reverse coagulator, etc. are installed on the side of the crucible, the core material is not heated in advance, and a small-capacity reverse coagulator is designed to prevent the core material from passing through the cladding metal melt for a long time , the melt flows out from the side of the bottom of the crucible by its own weight, the size of the reverse solidifier and the water-cooled crystallizer are effectively controlled, and the high-quality cladding material of the required shape and size is continuously cast. It is suitable for continuous casting of large-size cladding materials that are difficult to coil and whose cladding metal melting point is lower than the core metal melting point. The equipment of the invention has simple structure, easy replacement of parts, convenient operation and maintenance, reasonable and compact layout, high production efficiency, low investment, easy automatic control, convenient large-scale industrial production, short forming process, energy saving and environmental protection, high efficiency and low cost. The freedom of combination of cladding layer metal and core material metal is large, and the prepared cladding material has good quality and performance.

Description

Equipment and method for solid/liquid composite continuous casting of coating materials

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of continuous casting of coating materials, and in particular relates to a solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment and method for coating materials.

technical background

The cladding material is a composite material that coats a layer of dissimilar metals on the core material. It has the advantages of both the cladding metal and the core material metal. It not only has excellent comprehensive performance, but also greatly reduces the amount of precious metals used and reduces the cost. Therefore, it is widely used in the fields of aerospace, energy and environmental protection, construction machinery, petrochemical industry, transportation, electronic information, national defense and military industry, and daily life. It is a key development direction of composite materials at present.

The traditional cladding material forming methods mainly include core material surface plating method (such as electroplating method, chemical plating method, displacement plating method, etc.), solid phase composite method (such as cladding welding method, cladding plastic processing composite method) and composite casting method. The first two methods have played a certain positive role in the forming of cladding materials, and have also been practically applied in the production of some cladding materials; however, these two methods also have their own obvious shortcomings. For example, some methods have greater environmental pollution, thin cladding layer metal thickness, and low interface bonding strength; some methods have large equipment investment, long production process, difficulty in continuous production, low production efficiency, poor composite interface quality, and The cladding metal thickness is limited and the cladding ratio is difficult to control accurately, the quality and performance of the cladding material are unstable, and the production cost is high. The cladding material composite casting method based on metal melt not only has significant advantages such as short process, near-net shape, high efficiency, low cost, green environmental protection, and wide application range, but also easily realizes continuous, automatic and batch casting of cladding materials. Chemical production is a mainstream technology and an important development trend of clad material forming, and its research, development, promotion and application have been paid more and more attention.

At present, the continuous compound casting method of cladding materials based on metal melt can be divided into two categories, one is the compound casting method that uses two kinds of metal melts for direct compound forming (such as double-flow casting method, horizontal magnetic field braking compound continuous casting method) The other is the composite casting method (such as reverse solidification method, hot-dip plating method) that uses the cladding metal melt to continuously overmold the formed solid core material. Because the former method uses two kinds of metal melts, there are two kinds of metal melts that are prone to uncontrollable mixing or excessive compounding at the interface, and are also very easy to generate intermetallic compounds, which are prone to uneven thickness of the interface layer. , the interface bonding strength is difficult to guarantee, and the consistency of the interface quality is poor. At the same time, the requirements for equipment manufacturing, process level, operation skills and automatic control are very high, especially the correct control and reasonable matching of process parameters, so that the two metal interfaces can be combined. Good and stable interface is relatively difficult, and the investment is large, the required energy consumption is high, and the degree of freedom of metal combination is also restricted to a large extent, which seriously restricts its popularization and application. The latter method overcomes many shortcomings of the former method because of the use of the formed solid core material, and the difficulty of equipment, process and control is also greatly reduced. The main method adopted has been practically applied in the production of some cladding materials; however, the existing methods of this kind also have their own shortcomings.

For example, the reverse solidification method is to pass the core material (usually a metal strip) through the cladding metal melt, and the cladding metal melt is attached to the surface of the core material to solidify, and the two form a metallurgical bond at the interface, and then With the continuous movement of the core material, the thickness of the cladding metal solidified on the surface of the core material gradually increases until it completely passes through the cladding metal melt, and then the formed cladding material is rolled by a pair of rolls to achieve a flat surface, The purpose of controlling the thickness of the cladding material is a process method to finally obtain the required cladding material, which is mainly used for the continuous forming of the cladding strip. Reverse solidification is the solidification of the cladding metal melt on its surface through the heat conduction of the core material. There is no cooling and solidification effect of the traditional continuous casting mold, so there is no crystallizer installed on the reverse solidification equipment. When the cladding material is formed by the traditional reverse solidification method, in addition to the problem that the core material is immersed in the cladding metal melt for a long time, the core material is easily melted too much or fused, and there is also the problem that the cladding metal The thickness is difficult to control stably, the preparation process parameters are difficult to control correctly and reasonably match, the thickness of the interface diffusion layer and the quality of the interface (such as easy to generate intermetallic compounds, etc.) are difficult to control, and the metal surface quality of the cladding layer is poor. The hot-dip plating method is to immerse the preheated core material (usually a metal wire) into the cladding metal melt, so that a metallurgical bond is formed at the interface between the core material and the cladding metal through dissolution, chemical reaction and diffusion. Combined transition layer, when the core material is lifted from the cladding metal melt, the cladding metal melt attached to the surface of the transition layer is cooled and solidified into cladding metal, so as to obtain the desired cladding material Process method, mainly used for continuous forming of coated wire. Similarly, the hot-dip plating equipment is not equipped with a crystallizer. When the cladding material is formed by hot-dip plating, the core material needs to be preheated to a certain high temperature in advance, and the core material will be immersed in the cladding metal melt for a long time. It is more likely to be excessively corroded, the thickness of the interface diffusion layer of the cladding material, the interface quality (such as easy to generate intermetallic compounds, etc.) and the thickness of the cladding layer metal are difficult to control, and the thickness uniformity and stability of the cladding layer metal are difficult to guarantee , the metal surface quality of the cladding layer is poor, and the equipment is complicated, the investment is large, the technology is difficult, and the production cost is high. Some other composite casting methods are being developed that use the cladding metal melt to continuously clad the formed solid core material (such as horizontal continuous casting cladding, down-drawing continuous casting cladding, net-shape casting and rolling). Coating method) also has various problems, mainly including that the core material must be heated in advance, the process is long, the investment in anti-oxidation of the core material is large, the required supporting facilities are many, the equipment is complicated, the operation is cumbersome, the energy consumption is large, and the production cost is high. , or the core material needs to pass through the cladding metal melt that has been heated all the time, the surface of the core material is easy to be excessively eroded, the metal elements of the core material are easy to diffuse into the cladding metal melt to cause pollution, the quality and performance of the cladding material Difficult to meet high standard use requirements, etc. Moreover, there is a common shortcoming in the above-mentioned existing composite casting methods that use clad metal melt to continuously clad the formed solid core material, that is, it is impossible to realize the continuous casting of large-sized clad materials that are difficult to coil. cast into shape.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of equipment and method that uses the cladding metal melt to continuously clad the formed solid core material, so as to avoid or reduce the impact of the cladding metal melt on the core material and the core material protection device. Pollution and the impact of cladding material quality, short process, near net shape, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, low cost continuous casting forming high-performance cladding materials, especially suitable for large-size cladding materials that are difficult to coil of continuous casting.

Contents of the invention

The invention introduces the reverse solidification principle and combines it with the forward solidification continuous casting forming principle of the metal melt in the crystallizer to form a double solidification continuous casting technology. The coagulator is installed on the side of the crucible, the core material is not heated in advance, and a small-capacity reverse coagulator is designed to prevent the core material from passing through the cladding metal melt that has been heated, so that the cladding metal melt relies on itself Gravity flows horizontally from the side of the bottom of the crucible through the guide tube into the reverse coagulator and crystallizer installed on the side of the crucible, simplifying the equipment structure, effectively regulating the size of the reverse coagulator and water-cooled crystallizer, etc., to achieve short process and near-end Shape, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, low-cost continuous casting and high-quality cladding materials in the shape and size required. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting equipment and method (referred to as "side-type core casting method"), which can avoid or reduce the impact on the coating layer by the core material and the core material protection device. The pollution of the metal melt and the influence of the quality of the cladding material are especially suitable for the continuous casting of large-size and high-quality cladding materials that are difficult to coil and whose melting point of the cladding metal is lower than that of the core metal.

A solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for coating materials, which consists of a core material guiding and positioning device, a core material protection device, a crucible, a heater, a diversion tube, a reverse coagulator, a water-cooled crystallizer, a secondary cooling device, Composed of traction mechanism and dummy rod. It is characterized in that the core material guiding and positioning device, core material protecting device, reverse coagulator, water-cooled crystallizer, secondary cooling device and traction mechanism are sequentially arranged on the same axis along the direction of the dummy ingot; the core material guiding and positioning device is The follower is installed at the rear end of the core material protection device along the direction of the dummy, and plays the role of precise centering and positioning and guiding and restraining the core material. Driven by the traction mechanism, the core material is continuously conveyed through the core material Protection device, reverse coagulator, water-cooled crystallizer and secondary cooling device, the movement speed of the core material guiding and positioning device is restricted by the traction mechanism of the active part; the core material protection device seals and prevents the core material passing through it. Oxidation and centering function, side seal the cladding metal melt in the reverse solidifier to avoid overflow; the crucible is installed on the side of the draft tube, the axis of the crucible is perpendicular to the axis of the draft tube, and is used to hold The cladding metal melt; the heater is installed around the crucible or embedded in the crucible wall or wound on the outer surface of the crucible to heat and keep warm the crucible and the cladding metal melt; the draft tube is installed on the side of the crucible, The axis of the draft tube is perpendicular to the axis of the crucible, its inlet end is connected to the outer surface of the side of the crucible, and its outlet end is connected to the reverse coagulator. The cladding metal melt in the crucible enters the reverse coagulator and water-cooled through the guide tube. In the crystallizer; the reverse coagulator is close to the outlet of the core protection device, and the axis of the reverse coagulator is perpendicular to the axis of the draft tube, so that the cladding metal melt is forced to reverse solidify on the surface of the unpreheated core material, Realize the thin layer solidification of the cladding metal melt on the surface of the core material; the water-cooled crystallizer and the reverse coagulator are closely connected to ensure that the cladding metal melt entering the water-cooled crystallizer from the reverse coagulator realizes rapid forward solidification , Inhibit the interface between the solidified cladding metal and the core material to continue to react to form intermetallic compounds before leaving the water-cooled crystallizer, and obtain the required thickness of cladding metal to ensure the uniformity and consistency of cladding metal thickness performance, improve production efficiency; the secondary cooling device is located between the water-cooled crystallizer and the traction mechanism to further cool the cladding material; the traction mechanism is installed after the secondary cooling device to realize continuous pulling out of the cladding material The head end of the dummy rod is connected to the front of the core material and placed in the reverse coagulator. The top of the head end of the dummy rod is close to the outlet of the core material protection device, and the side of the head end of the dummy rod is close to the outlet of the draft tube. Before the casting starts, it plays the role of blocking the cladding metal melt from flowing into the reverse solidifier. At the beginning of continuous casting, the outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer is blocked, so that the cladding metal melt flows into the reverse solidifier and the water-cooled crystallizer. The core material is combined with the core material, and then pulled out continuously under the action of the traction mechanism to realize the continuous casting of the cladding material.

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials, the crucible can be replaced by a tundish to facilitate continuous production; it can be based on the secondary cooling device installed near the outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer Cool down again.

The solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials, the core material protection device is made of graphite, ceramics or metal; the heater is an external heat source or an induction heater.

The solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials is provided with a secondary draft tube installed on the side of the crucible, the inlet end of which is connected to the outer surface of the side of the crucible, and the outlet end is connected to the water-cooled crystallizer, A part of the cladding metal melt may not flow through the draft pipe, but directly flow from the crucible through the secondary draft pipe into the water-cooled crystallizer.

The solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for the coating material is to place the crucible in an environment protected by air or vacuum or nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas; the entire continuous casting process can be controlled manually or Computer control; continuous casting method can be any one of pull-up type, pull-down type, horizontal type, arc type or inclined type.

A solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method for cladding materials, characterized in that the preparation process is: under the protection conditions of air, vacuum or nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas, the cladding layer metal in the crucible is heated by a heater The melt is heated and kept warm; the traction mechanism is activated to make the core material move towards the direction of the dummy ingot through the core material guiding and positioning device and the core material protection device, and at the same time the side of the dummy rod head leaves the position of the draft tube; then the crucible The cladding metal melt flows into the draft pipe from the bottom side of the crucible into the reverse coagulator, and through the contact between the high temperature cladding metal melt and the unpreheated core material in the reverse coagulator, instantaneous forced Reverse solidification to realize the solidification of a thin layer of cladding metal melt on the surface of the core material; the unsolidified cladding metal melt then enters the gap between the water-cooled crystallizer and the core material with a thin layer of cladding metal on the surface In the gap, under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer, the unsolidified cladding metal melt is completely solidified, forming a cladding material with a metallurgical interface; the prepared cladding material is further cooled when passing through the secondary cooling device. Cooling; under the action of the traction mechanism, the continuous casting of the cladding material is realized. The required cooling speed of the cladding layer metal is controlled by the drawing speed of the pulling mechanism, the cooling intensity of the water-cooled crystallizer and the heating temperature of the heater.

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting method for cladding materials, nitrogen, inert gas or reducing gas can be filled in the core material protection device.

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method for cladding materials, the core material can be at least one of metal wire, rod, pipe, plate or profile, and the number can be one or not less than two .

The solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method of cladding material, when the core material is a metal pipe or hollow metal profile, the two ends of the core material are closed and vacuumed, or the metal pipe or hollow metal profile is vacuumed during the continuous casting process. Continuously filled with nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas.

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method for clad materials, the metal may be pure metal, alloy or metal composite material.

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method for cladding materials, the cladding materials can be clad wires, rods, pipes, plates or profiles.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The solid/liquid compound continuous casting equipment for coating materials has simple structure, energy saving, high flexibility, strong versatility, wide application range, easy replacement of parts, convenient operation and maintenance, safe and reliable use, reasonable and compact layout, low investment Less, high production efficiency, long service life, easy to realize automatic control, no complicated coiling mechanism and tall factory buildings and pits, suitable for large-scale industrial production promotion and application.

2. The design and use of the small-capacity reverse coagulator in the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials makes the core material only contact with the cladding metal melt for a short time in the small-capacity reverse coagulator, and quickly Reverse solidification occurs, and the core material does not pass through the crucible at the same time, avoiding excessive heating, erosion or even complete melting of the core material caused by long-term contact with the cladding metal melt when the core material passes through the crucible in traditional reverse solidification , there is no need to consider the additional anti-oxidation technical problems caused by it, and it also reduces or avoids the generation of intermetallic compounds at the cladding material interface and the diffusion of core metal elements into the cladding metal melt in the crucible to cause pollution. , which is conducive to high-quality forced reverse solidification forming in the reverse solidification stage, it is easy to control the composite degree of cladding metal and core metal, and the production efficiency and the quality of cladding metal, composite interface and cladding material are greatly improved. In addition, it avoids the impact of fluctuations in process parameters such as the heating temperature of the cladding metal melt on the thickness of the cladding layer metal and the quality of the cladding material interface.

3. The dummy rod in the cladding material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment not only plays the role of dummy, but also plays the role of blocking the cladding metal melt from flowing into the reverse solidifier before continuous casting, which is simple It is easy to operate, reliable in control and convenient in operation, eliminating the complexity and cumbersomeness in design, installation and use of other blocking mechanisms, and also avoiding the pollution problem that the blocking mechanism may cause to the cladding metal melt.

4. The coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment adopts a separate external water-cooled crystallizer, which is easy to achieve rapid solidification, reduces the excessive diffusion of interface elements of the coating material, reduces or avoids the formation of intermetallic compounds, and at the same time The production efficiency is improved; the cladding metal melt flows into the draft pipe from the side of the bottom of the crucible by its own gravity, without the liquid level height control device for solid or air pressure, which reduces the cost and pollution; the cladding metal melt flows from the The bottom side of the crucible flows into the draft tube, while the impurities, gas and waste slag in the cladding metal melt are discharged upward or float on the surface of the cladding metal melt in the crucible, and will not enter the draft tube, thus ensuring The purity of the cladding metal melt in the draft tube improves the quality and performance of the cladding metal and cladding materials.

5. The core material protection device is installed outside the crucible in the cladding material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment, without considering the heat insulation treatment of the core material, eliminating the pollution of the cladding layer metal melt by the core material protection device , avoiding complex problems such as the selection of core material protection device and core material insulation material, as well as mechanism design and manufacture.

6. The core material used in the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method of the cladding material is at room temperature, and no drying furnace or heating furnace is used to dry or preheat it at a certain high temperature in advance, which saves energy and simplifies the equipment. , to shorten the process, especially to avoid excessive oxidation of the surface of the heated core material before entering the cladding metal melt or to require too strict anti-oxidation control, and to prevent the heated core material from entering the cladding metal melt from localized Rapid dissolution or chemical reaction reduces or avoids excessive corrosion and the generation of intermetallic compounds, which is conducive to obtaining a composite interface with high bonding strength and smoothness, and improves the interface quality between the core material and the cladding metal and the cladding material the quality of.

7. The combination of cladding metal and core material metal used in the cladding material solid/liquid composite continuous casting method has a large degree of freedom, and even two metals that are prone to intermetallic compounds can be formed normally; and the core material and cladding The shape and size of the cladding material vary greatly, which is especially beneficial to the continuous casting of the cladding material with a large metal thickness of the cladding layer and a large size of the cladding material itself.

8. The cladding material solid/liquid composite continuous casting method can not only prepare cladding materials with thin cladding metal thickness, but also can adjust the water-cooled crystallizer and core material while maintaining the small capacity of the reverse solidifier. The thickness of the cladding layer metal is controlled by the width of the gap between them, and the cladding layer metal melt is additionally provided by the secondary diversion tube to prepare a cladding material with a large cladding layer metal thickness, so as to realize the effective and arbitrary control of the cladding layer metal thickness. The cladding material with a large variation range of the metal thickness of the cladding layer is prepared, and the varieties and specifications of the cladding material are expanded.

9. The solid/liquid composite continuous casting method of cladding materials has the characteristics of short process, near-net shape, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, and low production cost. It can produce dense cladding metal and cladding metal Uniform thickness or variable thickness in different parts, stable cladding ratio, metallurgical bonded interface, clean and smooth, high bonding strength, high purity, good quality, and excellent performance cladding material.

10. The continuous preparation of infinitely long cladding materials can be realized by using the equipment and method of solid/liquid composite continuous casting of cladding materials, especially suitable for large-size, high-quality products that are difficult to coil and whose melting point of the core metal is higher than that of the cladding metal. and continuous casting of high-performance cladding materials.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment of the present invention. Among them, (1) is the core material, (2) is the core material guiding and positioning device, (3) is the core material protection device, (4) is the cladding metal melt, (5) is the crucible, (6) is Heater, (7) is a guide tube, (8) is a reverse coagulator, (9) is a water-cooled crystallizer, (10) is a secondary cooling device, (11) is a traction mechanism, (12) is a coating Material, (13) is dummy bar.

detailed description

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, it is necessary to point out that the present examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Any non-essential improvements and adjustments still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

A solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for coating materials, comprising a core material guiding and positioning device (2), a core material protection device (3), a crucible (5), a heater (6), and a flow guide tube (7) , a reverse coagulator (8), a water-cooled crystallizer (9), a secondary cooling device (10), a traction mechanism (11), and a dummy rod (13). It is characterized in that core material guiding and positioning device (2), core material protection device (3), reverse coagulator (8), water-cooled crystallizer (9), secondary cooling device (10) and traction mechanism (11) They are sequentially arranged on the same axis along the direction of the dummy ingot; the core material guiding and positioning device (2) is a follower, which is installed at the rear end of the core material protection device (3) along the direction of the dummy ingot to achieve precise centering, positioning and guiding. The function of pulling and restraining the core material (1), driven by the traction mechanism (11), realizes the continuous delivery of the core material (1) through the core material protection device (3), the reverse coagulator (8), and the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the secondary cooling device (10), the movement speed of the core material guiding and positioning device (2) is restricted by the traction mechanism (11) of the active part; the core material protection device (3) protects the core material ( 1) It plays the role of sealing, anti-oxidation and centering, and side seals the cladding metal melt (4) in the reverse coagulator (8) to avoid overflow; the crucible (5) is installed in the guide tube ( 7), the axis of the crucible (5) is perpendicular to the axis of the draft tube (7), and is used to contain the cladding metal melt (4); the heater (6) is installed around the crucible (5) or embedded in the crucible (5) In the wall or wound on the outer surface of the crucible (5), it is used to heat and keep warm the crucible (5) and the cladding metal melt (4); the guide tube (7) is installed on the crucible (5) On the side, the axis of the draft tube (7) is perpendicular to the axis of the crucible (5), its inlet end is connected to the outer surface of the side of the crucible (5), and its outlet end is connected to the reverse coagulator (8). The cladding metal melt (4) enters the reverse coagulator (8) and the water-cooled crystallizer (9) through the guide tube (7); the reverse coagulator (8) is close to the outlet of the core protection device (3) , the axis of the reverse coagulator (8) is perpendicular to the axis of the guide tube (7), so that the cladding metal melt (4) undergoes forced reverse solidification on the surface of the unpreheated core material (1) to achieve cladding The layer metal melt (4) is solidified in a thin layer on the surface of the core material (1); the water-cooled crystallizer (9) is closely connected with the reverse solidifier (8) to ensure that it enters the water-cooled crystallizer from the reverse solidifier (8) The cladding metal melt (4) of (9) achieves rapid forward solidification, which prevents the interface between the solidified cladding metal and the core material (1) from continuing to react to form an intermetallic layer before leaving the water-cooled crystallizer (9). compound, and obtain the required thickness of cladding metal, ensure the uniformity and consistency of cladding metal thickness, and improve production efficiency; the secondary cooling device (10) is located between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the traction mechanism (11) In between, the coating material (12) is further cooled; the traction mechanism (11) is installed after the secondary cooling device (10), and is used to continuously pull out the coating material (12); the dummy bar ( 13) The head end is connected to the front part of the core material (1), placed in the reverse coagulator (8), the top of the head end of the dummy rod (13) is close to the outlet of the core material protection device (3), and the dummy rod (13) ) The side of the head end is close to the outlet of the draft tube (7), which can block the flow of the metal melt (4) in the coating layer before the continuous casting starts. The effect in the solidifier (8), the outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) is blocked at the beginning of continuous casting, so that the cladding metal melt (4) is in the reverse solidifier (8) and the water-cooled crystallizer (9) ) and the core material (1), and then continuously pulled out under the action of the traction mechanism (11), to realize the continuous casting of the cladding material (12).

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials, the crucible (5) can be replaced by a tundish to facilitate continuous production; the two Cooling is implemented again on the basis of the secondary cooling device (10).

In the solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for coating materials, the core material protection device (3) is made of graphite, ceramics or metal; the heater (6) uses an external heat source or an induction heater.

The solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials is equipped with a secondary guide pipe on the side of the crucible (5), the inlet end of which is connected to the outer surface of the side of the crucible (5), and the outlet end is connected to the side surface of the crucible (5). connected to the water-cooled crystallizer (9), part of the cladding layer metal melt (4) may not flow through the draft tube (7), but directly flows from the crucible (5) through the secondary draft tube into the In the water-cooled crystallizer (9).

The solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for cladding materials is to place the crucible (5) in an environment protected by air or vacuum or nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas; the entire continuous casting process can be Manual control or computer control; the continuous casting method can be any one of pull-up type, pull-down type, horizontal type, arc type or inclined type.

Example 1:

The core material is a Q235 steel bar with a diameter of 15 mm, and a copper-clad steel composite bar with a thickness of 1 mm of pure copper in the cladding layer is formed by continuous casting.

Under air conditions, the heater (6) heats and insulates the cladding pure copper melt in the crucible (5) to 1200°C; during the continuous casting process, it is continuously filled into the core material protection device (3). Nitrogen; start the traction mechanism (11), so that the Q235 steel bar starts to move towards the dummy ingot through the core material guiding and positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3), and at the same time, the side of the head end of the dummy bar (13) leaves position of the draft tube (7); then the cladding pure copper melt in the crucible (5) flows into the draft tube (7) from the bottom side of the crucible (5) into the reverse solidifier (9), and passes through the high-temperature cladding The contact between the cladding pure copper melt and the unpreheated Q235 steel bar in the reverse solidifier (9) will cause instantaneous forced reverse solidification to realize the cladding pure copper melt on the surface of the Q235 steel bar. The thin layer is solidified; the unsolidified clad pure copper melt then enters the gap between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the Q235 steel bar with a thin clad layer of pure copper on the surface, at a cooling water flow rate of 1300L/ h. Under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) with a cooling water temperature of 20°C, the unsolidified cladding layer of pure copper melt is completely solidified to form a copper-clad steel composite rod with a metallurgical bond interface; the prepared copper The Baotou composite bar is further cooled when it passes through the secondary cooling device (10); under the action of the traction mechanism (11) at a casting speed of 120mm/min, the core material is a Q235 steel bar with a diameter of 15mm, and the cladding Continuous casting of copper-clad steel composite rods with a pure copper layer thickness of 1 mm.

Example 2:

The core material is a pure copper wire with a diameter of 2mm, and a silver-clad copper composite wire with a cladding layer of pure silver with a thickness of 0.2mm is formed by continuous casting.

Under the condition of argon gas protection, the clad pure silver melt in the crucible (5) is heated and kept warm to 1050°C by the heater (6); Fill in argon; start the traction mechanism (11), so that the core material pure copper wire passes through the core material guide and positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3) and starts to move towards the direction of the dummy ingot, and at the same time the dummy rod (13) The side of the head end leaves the position of the draft tube (7); then the coated pure silver melt in the crucible (5) flows from the bottom side of the crucible (5) into the draft tube (7) and enters the reverse coagulator (9), Through the contact between the high-temperature clad pure silver melt and the unpreheated pure copper wire in the reverse solidifier (9), instantaneous forced reverse solidification occurs, and the clad pure silver melt on the pure copper wire is realized. The thin layer on the surface is solidified; the unsolidified coated pure silver melt then enters the gap between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the pure copper wire with a thin coated layer of pure silver on the surface, and the cooling water flow rate is 1100L /h, under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) with a cooling water temperature of 20°C, the unsolidified coating pure silver melt is completely solidified to form a silver-clad copper composite wire with a metallurgical bond interface; the prepared silver The copper-clad composite wire is further cooled when passing through the secondary cooling device (10); under the action of the pulling mechanism (11) at a drawing speed of 100mm/min, the core material is a pure copper wire with a diameter of 2mm and the cladding layer is pure. Continuous casting of silver-clad copper composite wire with a silver thickness of 0.2 mm.

Example 3:

The core material is a pure titanium pipe with a diameter of 6 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm, and a copper-clad titanium composite pipe with a cladding layer of pure copper with a thickness of 1 mm.

Under the condition of argon gas protection, the cladding layer pure copper melt in the crucible (5) is heated and kept warm to 1150°C by the heater (6); during the continuous casting process, the core material protection device (3) and The pure titanium pipe is continuously filled with argon gas; the traction mechanism (11) is started, so that the core material pure titanium pipe passes through the core material guiding and positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3) and begins to move toward the dummy The side of the head end of the ingot rod (13) leaves the position of the guide tube (7); then the clad pure copper melt in the crucible (5) flows from the bottom side of the crucible (5) into the guide tube (7) and enters the reverse solidifier In (9), through the contact between the high-temperature cladding layer pure copper melt and the unpreheated pure titanium pipe in the reverse solidifier (9), instantaneous forced reverse solidification occurs, and the cladding layer pure copper melting is realized. The thin layer on the surface of the pure titanium pipe is solidified; the unsolidified cladding pure copper melt then enters the gap between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the pure titanium pipe with a thin cladding layer of pure copper on the surface, Under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) with a cooling water flow rate of 1000L/h and a cooling water temperature of 20°C, the unsolidified pure copper melt in the coating layer is completely solidified, forming a copper-clad titanium composite with a metallurgical interface Pipe; the prepared copper-clad titanium composite pipe is further cooled when passing through the secondary cooling device (10); under the action of the traction mechanism (11) at a casting speed of 120mm/min, the core material is 6mm in diameter and 1mm in wall thickness Continuous casting of pure titanium pipes and copper-clad titanium composite pipes with a thickness of 1 mm of pure copper.

Example 4:

The core material is a Q235 carbon steel plate with a thickness of 10 mm, and the copper-clad steel composite plate with a thickness of 1 mm of pure copper for the cladding layer is formed by continuous casting.

Under the condition of argon gas protection, the cladding pure copper melt in the crucible (5) is heated and kept warm to 1150°C by the heater (6); Fill with argon; start the traction mechanism (11), so that the Q235 carbon steel plate starts to move towards the dummy ingot through the core material guide and positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3), and at the same time the dummy rod (13) head The side of the end leaves the position of the draft tube (7); then the cladding pure copper melt in the crucible (5) flows from the bottom side of the crucible (5) into the draft tube (7) and enters the reverse solidifier (9). The contact between the high-temperature cladding layer pure copper melt and the unpreheated Q235 carbon steel plate in the reverse solidifier (9) will cause instantaneous forced reverse solidification, and the cladding layer pure copper melt will be in the Q235 carbon steel plate. The thin layer on the surface of the plate is solidified; the unsolidified cladding pure copper melt then enters the gap between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the Q235 carbon steel plate with a thin cladding layer of pure copper on the surface, in the cooling water Under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) with a flow rate of 1200L/h and a cooling water temperature of 22°C, the unsolidified pure copper melt in the cladding layer is completely solidified to form a copper-clad steel composite plate with a metallurgical interface; preparation The copper-clad steel composite plate is further cooled when it passes through the secondary cooling device (10); under the action of the traction mechanism (11) at a casting speed of 100mm/min, the core material is a Q235 carbon steel plate with a thickness of 10mm, and the cladding Continuous casting of copper-clad steel clad sheet with a thickness of 1mm clad pure copper.

Example 5:

The core material is a 304 stainless steel bar with a diameter of 8mm, and a brass clad stainless steel composite bar with a cladding layer of H70 brass with a thickness of 1mm is continuously cast.

Under the condition of argon gas protection, the cladding layer H70 brass melt in the crucible (5) is heated and kept warm to 1000°C by the heater (6); Continuously fill in argon; start the traction mechanism (11), so that the 304 stainless steel bar starts to move toward the dummy ingot through the core material guiding and positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3), and at the same time the dummy bar (13) The side of the head end leaves the position of the draft tube (7); then the cladding H70 brass melt in the crucible (5) flows from the bottom side of the crucible (5) into the draft tube (7) and enters the reverse solidifier (9) , through the contact between the high-temperature cladding H70 brass melt and the unpreheated 304 stainless steel bar in the reverse solidifier (9), instantaneous forced reverse solidification occurs, and the cladding H70 brass melt is realized The thin layer on the surface of the 304 stainless steel bar is solidified; the unsolidified cladding layer H70 brass melt then enters between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the 304 stainless steel bar with a thin layer of cladding layer H70 brass on the surface In the gap, under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) with a cooling water flow rate of 800L/h and a cooling water temperature of 18°C, the unsolidified H70 brass melt in the cladding layer is completely solidified, and the interface is metallurgically bonded. Brass-clad stainless steel composite rods; the prepared brass-clad stainless steel composite rods are further cooled when passing through the secondary cooling device (10); under the action of the traction mechanism (11) at a drawing speed of 90mm/min, the core The material is a 304 stainless steel bar with a diameter of 8mm, and a brass clad stainless steel composite bar with a cladding layer of H70 brass with a thickness of 1mm.

Embodiment 6:

The core material is a Cu/Q235 composite rod with a diameter of 17mm, and the tin-clad Cu/Q235 composite rod with a pure tin coating thickness of 0.5mm is continuously cast.

Under the protection of argon, the pure tin melt in the cladding layer in the crucible (5) is heated and kept warm to 280°C by the heater (6); Fill with argon; start the traction mechanism (11), so that the Cu/Q235 composite bar passes through the core material guide and positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3) and starts to move towards the direction of the dummy ingot, and at the same time the dummy bar (13 ) The side of the head end leaves the position of the draft tube (7); then the cladding pure tin melt in the crucible (5) flows from the bottom side of the crucible (5) into the draft tube (7) and enters the reverse solidifier (9) , through the contact between the high-temperature pure tin melt of the cladding layer and the unpreheated Cu/Q235 composite rod in the reverse solidifier (9), instantaneous forced reverse solidification occurs, and the pure tin melt of the cladding layer is realized. The thin layer on the surface of the Cu/Q235 composite rod is solidified; the unsolidified cladding layer of pure tin melt then enters the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the core material Cu/Q235 composite rod with a thin layer of cladding layer of pure tin on the surface In the gap between the materials, under the forced cooling of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) with a cooling water flow rate of 1000L/h and a cooling water temperature of 20°C, the unsolidified pure tin melt in the cladding layer is completely solidified, forming an interface of Metallurgically bonded tin-clad Cu/Q235 composite rods; the prepared tin-clad Cu/Q235 composite rods are further cooled when passing through the secondary cooling device (10); Under the action, the continuous casting of the Cu/Q235 composite rod with a diameter of 17mm as the core material and the tin-clad Cu/Q235 composite rod with a pure tin thickness of 0.5mm in the cladding layer is realized.

Claims (10)

1. A clad material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment is characterized in that it is guided by a core material positioning device (2), a core material protection device (3), a crucible (5), a heater (6), Composed of draft tube (7), reverse coagulator (8), water-cooled crystallizer (9), secondary cooling device (10), traction mechanism (11), dummy rod (13); core material guiding and positioning device (2), core protection device (3), reverse coagulator (8), water-cooled crystallizer (9), secondary cooling device (10) and traction mechanism (11) are sequentially arranged on the same axis along the dummy direction ; The core material guiding and positioning device (2) is a follower, installed on the rear end of the core material protection device (3) along the direction of the dummy ingot, and plays the role of precise centering and positioning and guiding and restraining the core material (1), Driven by the traction mechanism (11), the core material (1) is continuously conveyed through the core material protection device (3), the reverse coagulator (8), the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the secondary cooling device (10 ), the movement speed of the core material guiding and positioning device (2) is restricted by the traction mechanism (11); the core material protection device (3) can seal, prevent oxidation and center the core material (1) passing through its interior effect, the cladding layer metal melt (4) in the reverse solidifier (8) is sealed to avoid overflow; the crucible (5) is installed on the side of the draft tube (7), and the axis of the crucible (5) is in line with the The axis of the draft tube (7) is vertical and is used to contain the cladding metal melt (4); the heater (6) is embedded in the wall of the crucible (5) or wound on the outer surface of the crucible (5) for heating the crucible ( 5) and clad metal melt (4) are heated and kept warm; the inlet end of the draft pipe is connected with the outer surface of the side of the crucible (5), the outlet end is connected with the reverse solidifier (8), and the The cladding metal melt (4) enters the reverse coagulator (8) and the water-cooled crystallizer (9) through the guide tube (7); the reverse coagulator (8) is close to the outlet of the core protection device (3) , the axis of the reverse coagulator (8) is perpendicular to the axis of the draft tube (7), so that the cladding layer metal melt (4) is forced to reverse solidify on the surface of the unpreheated core material (1) to realize cladding The layer metal melt (4) is solidified in a thin layer on the surface of the core material (1); the water-cooled crystallizer (9) is closely connected with the reverse coagulator (8) to ensure that it enters the water-cooled crystallizer from the reverse coagulator (8) (9) cladding layer metal melt (4) realizes rapid forward solidification; the secondary cooling device (10) is located between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the traction mechanism (11), and the cladding material (12) is realized Further cooling; the traction mechanism (11) is installed behind the secondary cooling device (10) for continuous pulling out of the cladding material (12); connected to the inside, placed in the reverse coagulator (8), the top of the head end of the dummy rod (13) is close to the outlet of the core protection device (3), and the side of the head end of the dummy rod (13) is close to the flow guide tube (7 ) outlet, before the start of continuous casting, it plays the role of blocking the clad metal melt (4) from flowing into the reverse solidifier (8), and blocks the water-cooled crystallizer (9) when the continuous casting starts ), so that the cladding metal melt (4) is compounded with the core material (1) in the reverse solidifier (8) and the water-cooled crystallizer (9), and then continuously pulled under the action of the traction mechanism (11) Out, to realize the continuous casting of cladding material (12). 2. A kind of solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment for coating materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the crucible (5) is replaced by a tundish; it is arranged near the outlet of the water-cooled crystallizer (9) Cooling is implemented again on the basis of the secondary cooling device (10). 3. A kind of coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described core material protection device (3) adopts graphite, pottery or metal to make; Described heater (6 ) using an external heat source or an induction heater. 4. a kind of coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described crucible (5) side, secondary draft pipe is installed, and its inlet port is connected with described crucible ( 5) The outer surface of the side is connected, and the outlet end is connected with the water-cooled crystallizer (9). 5. A kind of coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described crucible (5) is placed in air or vacuum or nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas protection environment; the entire continuous casting forming process is controlled manually or by computer; the continuous casting method is any one of the upward drawing type, the pull down type, the horizontal type, the arc type or the inclined type. 6. A coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming method using the coating material solid/liquid composite continuous casting forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation process is: in air, vacuum or Under the protection condition of nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas, the coating metal melt (4) in the crucible (5) is heated and kept warm by the heater (6); the traction mechanism (11) is started to make the core material ( 1) After the core material guide positioning device (2) and the core material protection device (3) start to move towards the direction of the dummy ingot, at the same time the side of the head end of the dummy bar (13) leaves the position of the draft tube (7); then the crucible (5 The cladding metal melt (4) in the crucible (5) flows into the draft tube (7) from the bottom side of the crucible (5) and enters the reverse solidifier (8), and passes through the high temperature cladding metal melt (4) and the untreated The contact of the preheated core material (1) in the reverse coagulator (8) causes instantaneous forced reverse solidification to realize the thin layer solidification of the cladding metal melt (4) on the surface of the core material (1); The unsolidified cladding metal melt (4) then enters the gap between the water-cooled crystallizer (9) and the core material (1) with a thin layer of cladding metal on the surface, in the water-cooled crystallizer (9) Under the action of forced cooling, the unsolidified cladding layer metal melt (4) is completely solidified to form a cladding material (12) whose interface is a metallurgical bond; the prepared cladding material (12) passes through the secondary cooling device (10 ) is further cooled; under the action of the traction mechanism (11), the continuous casting of the cladding material (12) is realized, and the cooling rate required for the cladding layer metal is determined by the casting speed of the traction mechanism (11), water-cooled crystallization The cooling intensity of device (9) and the heating temperature of heater (6) are controlled. 7. A solid/liquid composite continuous casting method for coating materials according to claim 6, characterized in that nitrogen, inert gas or reducing gas is filled in the core material protection device (3). 8. A solid/liquid composite continuous casting method for coating materials as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the core material (1) is at least one of metal wires, rods, pipes or plates, The quantity is one or not less than two; the cladding material (12) is a cladding wire, rod, pipe, or plate. 9. A solid/liquid composite continuous casting method for coating material as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, when the core material (1) is a hollow metal profile, the two sides of the core material (1) are closed. End and vacuumize, or continuously fill the hollow metal profile with nitrogen or inert gas or reducing gas during continuous casting. 10. A solid/liquid composite continuous casting method for coating materials according to claim 6, wherein the metal is pure metal, alloy or metal composite material.