CN102245545A - 新型有机化合物 - Google Patents
新型有机化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102245545A CN102245545A CN2009801500007A CN200980150000A CN102245545A CN 102245545 A CN102245545 A CN 102245545A CN 2009801500007 A CN2009801500007 A CN 2009801500007A CN 200980150000 A CN200980150000 A CN 200980150000A CN 102245545 A CN102245545 A CN 102245545A
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 7
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Abstract
由通式(1)表示的有机化合物:其中R1-R18各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烃氧基、取代或未取代的氨基、取代或未取代的芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有良好发光特性的新型有机化合物。
背景技术
有机发光器件包括阳极、阴极和含有荧光有机化合物并且设置在该阳极和该阴极之间的薄膜。从各个电极注入电子和空穴时,产生荧光化合物的激子并且激子返回它们的基态所发出的光为器件所利用。
有机发光器件也称为有机电致发光器件或有机EL器件。
有机发光器件最近的发展显著并且预示着将器件应用于较宽使用范围的可能性。这是因为它们能够实现低电压下的高亮度、较宽的发射波长范围、迅速响应以及厚度和重量的减小。
由于新型化合物的产生在制造高性能有机发光器件上至关重要,目前为止积极地寻求新型化合物的开发。例如,以下的专利文献1-4记载了用于发光层的材料的实例。
专利文献1:日本专利公开No.1-289907
专利文献2:日本专利公开No.2-247278
专利文献3:日本专利公开No.8-113576
专利文献4:日本专利公开No.11-12205
发明内容
从实用的观点出发,上述专利文献中记载的有机化合物和含有该有机化合物的有机发光器件存在改进的余地。
更具体地,对于实际应用,需要实现比以往更高亮度的光学输出和高转换效率。此外,需要在耐久性例如由长期使用引起的经时变化和由湿气和含氧环境气体引起的劣化上的改善。
为了能够应用于全色显示器等的有机发光器件,它们必须实现高色纯度和高效率的蓝色发光,但这尚未令人满意地实现。
鉴于上述内容,希望实现高色纯度、高发光效率和高耐久性的有机发光器件和能够实现这样的有机发光器件的材料。
特别地,希望提供适合在蓝色发光器件中使用的新型有机化合物。
本发明的方面提供通式(1)表示的有机化合物:
其中R1-R18各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烃氧基(alkoxy group)、取代或未取代的氨基基团、取代或未取代的芳基以及取代或未取代的杂环基。
本发明的新型有机化合物能够实现高效率和高亮度的发光。因此,包括本发明的新型有机化合物的有机发光器件显示高发光效率和高亮度。
附图说明
图1是表示根据一个实施方案的有机发光器件以及经配置以向该有机发光器件供给电信号的单元的示意图。
图2是表示与像素连接的像素回路(circuit)以及与该像素回路连接的信号和电力供给线的示意图。
图3是表示像素回路的回路图。
图4是有机发光器件以及该有机发光器件之下的薄膜晶体管的横截面示意图。
图5是表示式(1)所示的骨架(backbone)和X轴方向上的力矩(moment)的图。
具体实施方式
本发明的有机化合物由下述通式(1)表示:
R1-R18各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烃氧基、取代或未取代的氨基基团、取代或未取代的芳基以及取代或未取代的杂环基。
式(1)中,取代或未取代的烷基中烷基的实例包括,但并不限于,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、辛基、1-金刚烷基和2-金刚烷基。
式(1)中,取代或未取代的烃氧基中烃氧基的实例包括,但并不限于,甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、2-乙基-辛氧基、苯氧基、4-叔丁基苯氧基、苄氧基和噻吩氧基。
式(1)中,取代或未取代的氨基基团中氨基基团的实例包括,但并不限于,N-甲基氨基、N-乙基氨基、N,N-二甲基氨基、N,N-二乙基氨基、N-甲基-N-乙基氨基、N-苄基氨基、N-甲基-N-苄基氨基、N,N-二苄基氨基、苯胺基、N,N-二苯基氨基、N,N-二萘基氨基、N,N-二芴基氨基、N-苯基-N-甲苯基氨基、N,N-二(甲苯基)氨基、N-甲基-N-苯基氨基、N,N-二茴香醚基氨基、N-基-N-苯基氨基、N,N-二基氨基、N-苯基-N-(4-叔丁基苯基)氨基和N-苯基-N-(4-三氟甲基苯基)氨基。
式(1)中,取代或未取代的芳基中芳基的实例包括,但并不限于,苯基、萘基、茚基、联苯基、三联苯基和芴基。
式(1)中,上述取代基,即烷基、烃氧基、氨基基团、芳基和杂环基中可包括的取代基的实例包括,但并不限于,烷基例如甲基、乙基和丙基;芳烷基例如苄基;芳基例如苯基和联苯基;杂环基例如吡啶基和吡咯基;氨基基团例如二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、二苄基氨基、二苯基氨基和二(甲苯基)氨基;烃氧基例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基和苯氧基;氰基;和卤素原子例如氟、氯、溴和碘原子。
通式(1)所示的化合物的具体实例如下所示。这些实例并不限制本发明的范围。
现在对本发明的新型有机化合物更详细地说明。
通常,为了增加有机发光器件的发光效率,希望发光中心材料自身的发光量子产率高。
这要求首先振子强度(oscillator strength)高,第二与发光相联系的骨架的振动部分小。应同时满足这两个特性。
重要的是,在图像显示装置例如有机EL显示器中使用的蓝色发光材料在430-480nm的范围内具有发光峰。
关于第一特性,重要的是提高与从分子的发光相关联的骨架的对称性。但是,在高度对称分子特有的禁止跃迁条件下不会产生发光。作为在相同方向上使共轭延伸时分子的力矩增加的结果,振子强度改善。
关于第二特性,与发光相关联的骨架不含任何旋转结构时能够抑制由旋转引起的振动导致的量子产率的降低。
图5表示本发明的有机化合物的骨架的结构和X轴方向上的力矩。
为了实现高量子产率,重要的是尽可能增加X轴方向上的力矩。但是,如果使稠环结构扩展以增加力矩,则波长增加。本发明的有机化合物中,增加X轴方向上的力矩并且扩展稠环结构而不使波长增加的同时,如图5中所示使分子略微不对称以实现高量子产率。结果,发现在蓝色发光范围内能够获得高发光量子产率。
此外,由于图5中所示的本发明的有机化合物的骨架不具有旋转结构,因此能够抑制由旋转振动导致的量子产率的降低。
下表1表示使用密度函数理论在B3LYP/6-31G*能级的量子化学计算的结果。本发明的有机化合物如下表1的左栏中所示具有归因于其结构的高振子强度。表1的中间的化合物和右手侧的化合物是参考例。参考例中,右手侧的化合物与本发明的有机化合物的骨架相比,具有少一个的稠环。结果,其振子强度低于本发明的有机化合物的骨架的振子强度。
表1
由于骨架中包括两个五元环,因此本发明的有机化合物具有低HOMO-LUMO能级并且对于氧化稳定。将该有机化合物用作发光材料时,其适合作为电子捕集发光材料。
本发明的有机化合物具有高平面性并且当其为未取代时容易产生受激准分子(excimer)。
为了抑制受激准分子的产生,可将取代基例如苯基或烷基引入本发明的有机化合物的中心的萘骨架的R1、R2、R9和/或R10中。特别地,引入苯基时,使苯基与骨架正交配置,由此使结构为三维。因此,能够抑制分子的堆叠并且能够抑制浓度猝灭。其中,“正交配置”意指苯基的平面与苯并荧蒽的平面正交。
对引入取代基的位置并无特别限制。
为了防止骨架的基本物性显著变化,取代基优选为烃。但是,改变HOMO-LUMO能级,即,显著地使有机化合物的发光色从蓝色变为绿色或红色(即,为了增加波长)时,应将包括杂原子的取代基引入。
通式(1)所示的有机化合物能够参照文献,Journal of OrganicChemistry(1952),17845-54,Journal of the American ChemicalSociety(1952),741075-1076或者Journal of Organic Chemistry(2003),68,883-887,通过下述合成路线1或2合成。关于取代基,引入各种取代基。例如,可通过用其他取代基,例如烷基、卤素原子和苯基将氢原子取代来进行合成。
合成路线1
合成路线2
本发明的各种有机化合物能够由起始材料D1或D4、D2或D5以及D3或D6合成。能够合成的有机化合物(合成化合物)示于表2和3中。表2和3也示出这些化合物的起始材料。表2和3中将各合成例的起始材料示为D1或D4、D2或D5以及D3或D6。
表2
表3
现在对有机发光器件的一个实施方案进行说明。
根据该实施方案的有机发光器件包括一对电极,即阳极和阴极,和夹在电极之间的有机化合物层。该有机化合物层含有上述通式(1)表示的有机化合物。有机发光器件中,夹在电极之间的有机化合物用作发光材料并且发光。
设置多个有机化合物层并且其中一个为发光层的情况下,该发光层可全部或部分地由本发明的有机化合物组成。
发光层部分地由本发明的有机化合物组成时,本发明的有机化合物可以是发光层的主要组分或者次要组分。
“主要组分”是,例如,在构成发光层的全部化合物中以重量或摩尔计含量大的组分。“次要组分”是含量小的组分。
用作主要组分的材料也可称为“主体材料”。
用作次要组分的材料可称为“掺杂剂(客体)材料”、“发光辅助材料”或“电荷注入材料”。
本实施方案的有机化合物用作客体材料时,相对于主体材料,该客体材料浓度可以为0.01-20wt%,尤其是0.5-10wt%。通过在这两个范围中的任一个中调节客体材料的浓度,可使由发光层发出的光的波长比溶液的波长长5nm-20nm。
发光层含有具有载流子传输性的主体材料和客体材料时,导致发光的过程包括以下步骤:
1.发光层中电子和空穴的传输。
2.主体材料的激子的产生。
3.主体材料的分子之间激发能量的传输。
4.激发能量从主体材料向客体材料的传输。
各步骤中能量传输和发光与各种失活过程竞争发生。
自然地,为了增加有机发光器件的发光效率,发光中心材料(例如客体材料)自身的发光量子产率必须高。但是,一个主要的挑战是如何在主体材料的分子之间以及在主体材料与客体材料之间高效地传输能量。尽管电流引起的发光劣化的确切原因尚不清楚,但本发明人相信发光中心材料或由附近分子带来的发光中心材料的环境变化可归因于该劣化。
本发明的发明人已进行了各种研究并且发现将上述的本发明的通式(1)表示的化合物用作发光层中的主体或客体材料,或者尤其用作客体材料时,器件以高亮度高效率地输出光并且具有相当高的耐久性。
现在对本实施方案的有机发光器件详细说明。
本实施方案的有机发光器件包括一对电极,即阳极和阴极,和夹在电极之间的有机化合物层。有机化合物层含有至少一种由通式(1)表示的有机化合物。
在该对电极之间可设置该有机化合物层以外的一个以上的化合物层。
换言之,可在该对电极之间设置包括上述有机化合物层的两个以上的化合物层。这种情况下,该有机发光器件称为多层有机发光器件。
以下对多层有机发光器件的第一至第五实例进行说明。
多层有机发光器件的第一实例是如下结构,其中在基板上依次层叠阳极、发光层和阴极。发光层中使用自身具有空穴传输性、电子传输性和发光性全部的材料时或者将具有各个性能的化合物混合并用于发光层中时,这种有机发光器件有用。
多层有机发光器件的第二实例是如下结构,其中在基板上依次层叠阳极、空穴传输层、电子传输层和阴极。将具有空穴传输性的材料和具有电子传输性的材料分别用于对应的层中时或者将具有这两种性能的材料与不具有发光性的单纯的空穴传输或电子传输物质组合用于两层中时,这种有机发光器件有用。这种情况下,发光层是空穴传输层或电子传输层。
多层有机发光器件的第三实例是如下结构,其中在基板上依次层叠阳极、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极。这种结构中,将载流子传输功能和发光功能分离。可将分别具有空穴传输性、电子传输性和发光性的化合物适当组合并在器件中使用。这使材料选择的灵活性显著增加。此外,由于能够使用具有不同发射波长的各种不同化合物,能够使发光色相多样化。能够有效地将载流子或激子限制在中央发光层以提高发光效率。
多层有机发光器件的第四实例是如下结构,其中在基板上依次层叠阳极、空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极。这种结构改善阳极与空穴传输层之间的粘合性并且改善空穴注入性,这对于降低电压有效。
多层有机发光器件的第五实例是如下结构,其中在基板上依次层叠阳极、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴/激子阻挡层、电子传输层和阴极。这种结构中,将防止空穴或激子到达阴极的层(空穴/激子阻挡层)插入发光层与电子传输层之间。由于将具有非常高的电离电位的化合物用于空穴/激子阻挡层中,因此能够有效地提高发光效率。
本发明中,含有通式(1)所示的有机化合物的发光区域是指上述的发光层的区域。
第一至第五实例的多层结构只是基本的器件结构并且不限制使用本发明的有机化合物的有机发光器件的结构。例如,可采用各种其他层结构例如在电极与有机层之间的界面设置绝缘层、设置粘合层或干涉层、或者将电子或空穴传输层设计为由具有不同电离电位的两层组成。
本发明中使用的通式(1)所示的有机化合物可用于上述第一至第五实例的任一个中。
本实施方案的有机发光器件中,含有有机化合物的层含有至少一种本发明的通式(1)所示的有机化合物。特别地,至少一种通式(1)所示的有机化合物可用作发光层中的客体材料。
本实施方案的有机化合物可用作发光层中的主体材料。
本实施方案的有机化合物可用于发光层以外的任何层例如空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴/激子阻挡层、电子传输层和电子注入层中。
除了本发明的有机化合物以外,如果需要可将现有的低分子量和聚合物空穴传输化合物、发光化合物和电子传输化合物等组合使用。
这样的化合物的实例如下所述。
空穴注入/传输材料可具有高空穴迁移率以致容易从阳极注入空穴并且能够将注入的空穴传输到发光层。具有空穴注入/传输功能的低分子量和聚合物材料的实例包括,但并不限于,三芳基胺衍生物、苯二胺衍生物、1,2-二苯乙烯衍生物、酞菁衍生物、卟啉衍生物、聚(乙烯基咔唑)、聚(噻吩)和其他导电聚合物。
主体材料的实例包括,但并不限于,表4中所示的化合物及其衍生物;稠环化合物例如芴衍生物、萘衍生物、蒽衍生物、芘衍生物、咔唑衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物和喹啉衍生物;有机铝衍生物例如三(8-羟基喹啉合)铝;有机锌络合物;和聚合物衍生物例如三苯胺衍生物、聚芴衍生物和聚亚苯基衍生物。
表4
空穴注入/传输材料可从容易从阴极注入电子并且能够将注入的电子传输到发光层的那些中适当选择。通过考虑与空穴注入/传输材料的空穴迁移率的平衡等来选择材料。具有电子注入/传输性的材料的实例包括,但并不限于,二唑衍生物、唑衍生物、吡嗪衍生物、三唑衍生物、三嗪衍生物、喹啉衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物、菲绕啉衍生物和有机铝络合物。
用于阳极的材料可以是具有高功函数的材料。其实例包括单质金属例如金、铂、银、铜、镍、钯、钴、硒、钒和钨,和它们的合金;和金属氧化物例如氧化锡、氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌。也可使用导电聚合物例如聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩等。这些电极物质可单独使用或组合使用。阳极可具有单层结构或多层结构。
相反,用于阴极的材料可以是具有低功函数的材料。这样的材料的实例包括碱金属例如锂,碱土金属例如钙,和其他单质金属例如铝、钛、锰、银、铅和铬。或者,也可使用将这些单质金属组合的合金。其实例包括镁-银、铝-锂和铝-镁。也可使用金属氧化物例如氧化铟锡(ITO)。这些电极物质可单独使用或者组合使用。阴极可具有单层结构或多层结构。
对本实施方案的有机发光器件中使用的基板并无特别限制。可使用例如不透明基板例如金属基板或陶瓷基板,或者透明基板例如玻璃基板、石英基板或塑料片材。可将滤色膜、荧光色变换滤色膜、介电反射膜等用于控制发光色。
为了防止器件与氧、湿气等接触,可将保护层或密封层设置于制造的器件。保护层的实例包括无机材料膜例如金刚石薄膜以及金属氧化物和金属氮化物膜;氟碳树脂、聚乙烯、有机硅树脂和聚苯乙烯树脂的聚合物膜;和光固化性树脂的膜。器件可用玻璃、不透气膜、金属等覆盖并且用适当的密封树脂封装。
本实施方案的有机发光器件中,含有本发明的有机化合物的层以及含有其他有机化合物的层由以下方法形成。通常,通过真空气相沉积、电离沉积、溅射、等离子体增强沉积,和包括将化合物溶解于适当的溶剂中的各种现有的涂布技术(例如,旋转涂布、浸渍、流延、Langmuir-Blodgett技术和喷墨)形成薄膜。通过真空气相沉积或溶液涂布技术形成层时,很少发生结晶和其他不利的现象并且经时稳定性优异。将涂布技术用于形成膜时,可将适当的粘结剂树脂组合使用。
粘结剂树脂的实例包括,但并不限于,聚乙烯基咔唑树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂、ABS树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂和脲醛树脂。这些粘结剂树脂可作为均聚物单独使用或者作为共聚物组合使用。如果需要,可组合使用现有的添加剂例如增塑剂、抗氧化剂和UV吸收剂。
本实施方案的有机发光器件能够应用于需要节能和高亮度的制品。应用实例包括显示装置、照明设备和打印机的光源以及液晶显示装置的背光。
将该有机发光器件应用于显示装置时,能够制造高可见性、轻质、节能的平板显示器。该显示装置能够用作个人计算机、电视和广告媒体的图像显示装置。该显示装置可用于摄像装置例如数码相机和数码摄影机的显示单元。
或者,该显示装置可用于电子照相成像装置,例如激光束打印机或复印机的操作显示单元。
该有机发光器件可用作在电子照相成像装置,例如激光束打印机或复印机的感光部件上曝光潜像用光源。可将多个能够独立地寻址的有机发光器件配置成阵列状(例如,线状)并且可在感光鼓上进行所需的曝光以形成潜像。由于使用本实施方案的有机发光器件,能够节省以前为配置多面镜、各种光学透镜等所需的空间。
将该器件应用于照明装置和背光时,能够预期节能的效果。本实施方案的有机发光器件也能够用作平面光源。
或者,可在支持本实施方案的有机发光器件的基板上形成滤色膜、荧光色变换滤色膜、介电反射膜和其他相关部件以控制发光色。可在基板上形成薄膜晶体管(TFT)并且可将其与有机发光器件连接以控制发光的开和关。可将多个有机发光器件配置为矩阵状,即在面内方向上配置以致能够将它们用作照明装置。
接下来,对使用本实施方案的有机发光器件的显示装置详细说明。该显示装置包括本实施方案的有机发光器件和经构成以向本实施方案的有机发光器件供给电信号的单元。以下参照附图以有源矩阵系统为例对本实施方案的显示装置详细说明。
图1是表示根据一个实施方案的显示装置的构成的实例的示意图。该显示装置包括本实施方案的有机发光器件和经构成以向本实施方案的有机发光器件供给电信号的单元。
图2是表示与像素连接的像素回路以及与像素回路连接的信号和电流供给线的示意图。
经构成以向本实施方案的有机发光器件供给电信号的单元包括图1中的扫描信号驱动器11、数据信号驱动器12和电流供给源13以及图2中的像素回路15。
图1中所示的显示装置1包括分别与栅选择线G、数据信号线I和电流供给线C连接的扫描信号驱动器11、数据信号驱动器12和电流供给源13。将像素回路15配置在栅选择线G与数据信号线I的交点,如图2中所示。对于每个对应的像素回路15,设置由本实施方案的有机发光器件构成的一个像素14。换言之,像素14是有机发光器件。附图中,将有机发光器件表示为发光点。有机发光器件的上部电极可形成为对于所有的有机发光器件共同的上部电极。当然,可分别地形成各有机发光器件的上部电极。
扫描信号驱动器11依次选择栅选择线G1、G2、G3、..和Gn,同步地,经由数据信号线I1、I2、I3、..和In中之一从数据信号驱动器12将图像信号施加于像素回路15。
接下来,对像素的运转进行说明。图3是表示构成图1中所示的显示装置1中的一个像素的回路的回路图。图3中,第二薄膜晶体管(TFT)23控制用于使有机发光器件24发光的电流。图3中的像素回路2中,将选择信号施加于栅选择线Gi时,将第一TFT 21打开,将图像信号Ii供给到电容器22,并且由此确定第二TFT 23的栅电压。根据第二TFT 23的栅电压,将电流从电流供给线Ci供给到有机发光器件24。其中,直至下次扫描和选择第一TFT 21,在电容器22中保持第二TFT 23的栅电位。因此,直至进行下次扫描,电流在有机发光器件24中持续流动。结果,在一帧期间有机发光器件24持续发光。
尽管图中没有示出,本实施方案的有机发光器件能够用于电压写入显示装置中,在该装置中通过薄膜晶体管来控制有机发光器件24的电极之间的电压。
图4是表示图1中所示的显示装置中使用的TFT基板的横截面结构的一例的示意图。以下以制造TFT基板的方法为例对详细的结构进行说明。
制造图4中所示的显示装置3中,首先,通过涂布在由玻璃等组成的基板31上形成用于保护其上形成的部件(TFT或有机层)的防湿膜32。将氧化硅或氧化硅和氮化硅的复合体用于形成该防湿膜32。接下来,通过溅射形成Cr等的金属膜并且图案化为特定的回路形状以形成栅电极33。
通过等离子体增强CVD或催化化学气相沉积(cat-CVD)形成氧化硅等的膜并且图案化以形成栅绝缘膜34。通过等离子体增强CVD等(如果需要,在290℃以上的温度下退火)形成硅膜并且根据回路形状图案化以形成半导体层35。
在半导体层35上形成漏电极36和源电极37以形成TFT元件38。结果,形成图3中所示的回路。接下来,在TFT元件38上形成绝缘膜39。形成接触孔(通孔)310以将有机发光器件用金属阳极311与源电极37连接。
在阳极311上依次层叠多层或单层有机层312和阴极313。结果,得到显示装置3。可设置第一保护层314和第二保护层315以防止有机发光器件的劣化。操作中,使用本实施方案的有机发光器件的显示装置能够长期实现高质量图像的稳定显示。
应指出的是,上述显示装置的开关元件并无特别限制,甚至可以将单晶硅基板、MIM器件、a-Si器件等应用于显示装置。
通过在ITO电极上依次层叠单层或多层有机发光层和阴极层,能够得到有机发光显示板。操作中,使用本发明的有机化合物的显示板能够长时间稳定地显示高质量图像。
关于从器件将光输出的方向,可应用底部发光结构(从基板侧将光输出)或顶部发光结构(从基板的相反侧将光输出)。
现在通过使用非限制性实施例对本发明更详细地进行说明。
实施例
实施例1
[例示化合物A2的合成]
在500ml的二硫化碳中,在-40℃下混合17.8g(100mmol)菲(E1)、21.5g(100mmol)E2和26.6g(100mol)溴化铝,并且将得到的混合物搅拌3小时。使该混合物的温度返回室温后,进行搅拌1小时。将该混合物排出到水中并且将沉淀物过滤,用乙醇洗涤并且干燥。结果,得到了20g(收率:85%)赭色固体E3。向200ml乙醇中,加入这样得到的11.6g(50mmol)E3和10.5g(50mmol)E4,并且将得到的混合物加热到60℃。向得到的混合物中,滴加20ml的5M氢氧化钠水溶液。滴加结束时,将混合物加热到80℃,搅拌2小时,并且冷却。将沉淀物过滤,用水和乙醇洗涤,并且在80℃加热下真空干燥。结果,得到了18.2g(收率:95%)深绿色固体E5。
接下来,向100ml的甲苯中,添加4.1g(10mmol)E5和2.7g(11mmol)E6,并且将得到的混合物加热到80℃。然后,缓慢地滴加1.3g(11mmol)的亚硝酸异戊酯,并且在110℃下将得到的混合物搅拌3小时。冷却后,每次用100ml的水将该混合物洗涤两次。用饱和盐水将有机层洗涤并且用硫酸镁干燥。将得到的溶液过滤并且将滤液浓缩以得到棕色液体。通过柱色谱(甲苯/庚烷=1∶1)将该棕色液体纯化后,用氯仿/甲醇进行重结晶以得到4.37g(收率82%)的黄色晶体形式的E7。向50ml甲苯中,添加4.3g(8mmol)E7、870mg(1.6mmol)[1,3-(二苯基膦基丙烷)]氯化镍(II)、2.0g(16mmol)E8,并且将得到的混合物搅拌。向得到的混合物中,添加1.6g(16mmol)三乙胺。将该混合物加热到90℃,然后搅拌6小时。冷却并过滤后,每次用100ml水将滤液洗涤两次。用饱和盐水将有机层洗涤并且用硫酸镁干燥。将得到的溶液过滤并且将滤液浓缩以得到棕色液体。通过柱色谱(甲苯)将该棕色液体纯化后,用甲苯/甲醇进行重结晶以得到3.0g(收率:64%)的浅黄色晶体形式的E9。
接下来,将580mg(1.0mmol)E9、456mg(1.2mmol)1,8-二碘萘、91mg(0.1mmol)三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)、100mg(0.3mmol)三环己基膦、0.75ml二氮杂双环十一碳烯和5ml二甲基甲酰胺加热回流,并且将得到的混合物搅拌12小时。冷却后,添加20ml的氯仿,并且每次用100ml水将滤液洗涤两次。用饱和盐水将有机层洗涤并且用硫酸镁干燥。将得到的溶液过滤并且将滤液浓缩以得到黄色液体。通过柱色谱(甲苯/庚烷=1∶8)将该黄色液体纯化后,用氯仿/甲醇进行重结晶以得到347mg(收率60%)的黄色晶体形式的例示化合物A2。
通过NMR波谱确认该化合物的结构。
1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)σ(ppm):8.57(d,1H,J=6.4Hz),8.37(d,1H,J=6.4Hz),8.14(d,2H,J=11.2Hz),7.89-7.45(m,20H),6.82(s,1H),6.66(d,1H,J=6.0Hz)。
用由Hitachi Ltd.生产的F-4500测定例示化合物A2的1×10-5mol/l甲苯溶液的发射光谱,并且在350nm激发波长下测定光致发光。该光谱在457nm具有最大强度。
比较例1和2
作为比较例合成化合物F1和F2以基于光致发光和吸收光谱的测定比较量子效率。用由JASCO Corporation生产的UV-570测定吸收光谱。作为相对于例示化合物A2的1.0的相对强度计算量子产率。
表5
例示化合物A2 | 比较化合物F1 | 比较化合物F2 | |
发射波长(nm) | 457 | 490 | 455 |
量子产率 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
发现本发明的有机化合物在蓝色发光范围内实现高量子产率。
实施例2
[例示化合物A6的合成]
进行与实施例1中同样的反应和纯化,不同之处在于,将有机化合物从E4变为E10。
用由Hitachi Ltd.生产的F-4500测定例示化合物A6的1×10-5mol/l甲苯溶液的发射光谱,并且在350nm激发波长下测定光致发光。该光谱在459nm具有最大强度。
实施例3-19
在实施例3-19中,制备第五实例(阳极/空穴注入层/空穴传输层/发光层/空穴和激子阻挡层/电子传输层/阴极)的多层有机发光器件。各实施例中,通过图案化在玻璃基板上形成厚度100nm的ITO膜。然后在10-5Pa的真空室中通过电阻加热气相沉积在ITO基板上连续形成下述有机层和电极层以使彼此相对的电极的面积为3mm2。
空穴传输层(30nm):G-1
发光层(30nm):主体:G-2,客体:例示化合物(重量比:5%)
空穴/激子阻挡层(10nm):G-3
电子传输层(30nm):G-4
金属电极层1(1nm):LiF
金属电极层2(100nm):Al
用由Hewlett-Packard Corporation生产的pA计4140B测定每个EL器件的电流-电压特性并且用由Topcon Corporation生产的BM7测定发光的亮度。
将实施例3-19中观察的发光效率和电压示于下表6中。
表6
客体 | G-2 | 发光效率(cd/A) | 电压(V) | |
实施例3 | A1 | H8 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
实施例4 | A2 | H10 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
实施例5 | A2 | H28 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
实施例6 | A3 | H5 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
实施例7 | A3 | H22 | 5.1 | 4.5 |
实施例8 | A6 | H21 | 5.8 | 4.2 |
实施例9 | A7 | H17 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
实施例10 | A17 | H2 | 5.1 | 4.6 |
实施例11 | A23 | H8 | 4.6 | 4.4 |
实施例12 | A24 | H23 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
实施例13 | A28 | H11 | 4.9 | 4.7 |
实施例14 | A36 | H27 | 5.0 | 4.2 |
实施例15 | A37 | H8 | 4.1 | 4.0 |
实施例16 | A52 | H17 | 3.9 | 4.6 |
实施例17 | A67 | H4 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
实施例18 | B3 | H6 | 3.6 | 5.0 |
实施例19 | B16 | H18 | 3.9 | 5.2 |
<结果和研究>
本发明的有机化合物是实现高量子产率和适合蓝色发光的发光的新型化合物。将该有机化合物用于有机发光器件中时,该有机发光器件能够显示良好的发光特性。
尽管已参照示例性实施方案对本发明进行了说明,但应理解本发明并不限于所公开的示例性实施方案。下述权利要求的范围应给予最宽泛的解释以包括所有这样的变形以及等同的结构和功能。
本申请要求于2008年12月19日提交的日本专利申请No.2008-324469的权益,由此将其全文并入本文作为参考。
Claims (1)
1.通式(1)表示的有机化合物:
其中R1-R18各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素原子、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烃氧基、取代或未取代的氨基、取代或未取代的芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基。
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