CN102227988B - 一种生态牧草栽培金针菇的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生态牧草栽培金针菇的方法,牧草人工种植,再生性强,产量高,经过干燥、粉碎后与玉米粉,麸皮粉及石膏粉混合,可代替棉籽壳、木屑、玉米芯等栽培金针菇菇,实现原料自给自足,菌糠废弃物全部回收加工饲料,不仅解决菌糠废弃物综合利用难题、实现农业生态循环,而且还可以带动畜牧业发展,特别适合建立家庭型“种草、栽培食用菌、圈养山羊”食用菌生态循环农业,经济效益显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生态牧草栽培金针菇的方法。
背景技术
浙江江山地区金针菇栽培历史悠久,食用菌种植户达到1.13万户,年产量达3.61亿袋,鲜菇总产量近18.03万吨,产值11.13亿元,菇农实现增收4.5亿元。但近年来,食用菌生产原料棉籽壳、木屑、秸秆等价格大幅上涨,特别是棉籽壳价格从往年的1.1元/kg涨到现在的2.5元/kg,价格翻了一番多,使得生产辅料秸秆、碎木屑等也跟着涨价,生产成本加大,必将限制食用菌产业的发展。另一方面,出菇后产生的废弃物即菌糠是食用菌的3~5倍;目前常规生产菌糠废弃物除少量用作农肥,大部分于裸露条件下腐烂干燥用作烧材,腐烂过程中滋生各种微生物,造成环境严重污染。
发明内容
为克服现有技术不足,本发明的目的是提供一种生态牧草栽培金针菇的方法。
本发明的生态牧草栽培金针菇的方法,包括以下步骤
1)将成熟后的禾本科牧草晒干至水分20~40%,粉碎后过20~40目筛,得牧草粉;
2)按重量百分比取原料:牧草粉60~65%,玉米粉20~25%,麸皮粉8~12%和石膏粉1~3%,将上述原料加水混合均匀,用水量为上述原料总重量的60~65%;
3)将混合均匀的原料装入耐高温塑料薄膜袋中,压实,料袋中间扎孔,料袋一端封口,成为菌包;
4)菌包用蒸汽灭菌,压力MPa:0.1~0.2,温度110~120℃,保持2~3小时,冷却后于无菌条件下接入江山白菇菌种,在20~25℃,保持30~35天,使菌包发菌至全白色,打开袋口,于8~13℃室内5W白炽灯下培养,环境湿度90~100%,当开袋菌包出现小菇蕾后,菌包开口罩上20~25cm纸筒,诱发长出白色金针菇。
本发明中,所说的牧草为皇竹草,按每亩用种苗2000~2500株种植,芽苗朝上,培土3~5cm,长至200~300cm高度为成熟。
本发明有益之处在于:生态牧草可以随意种植,产量高,再生能力强,可替代棉籽壳,木屑、玉米芯等,原料可实现生产自给自足,不再依靠外运;栽培后的菌糠可以全回收加工饲料,还可以带动畜牧业发展,特别适合建立家庭型“种草、栽培食用菌、圈养山羊”食用菌生态循环农业,促进可持续发展,经济效益显著。
具体实施方式
实施例:
1)牧草种植:采用营养体扦插皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese Roxb),第一周每天浇水一次,第二周2天浇水一次,种苗萌发至定植不施化肥与农药,每亩用废弃菌糠200~300kg,中期只人工去除部分杂草,生长期间无需化学处理,无除草剂,没有施化肥,属于无公害农作物。
将生长至270~300cm牧草割下来,自然晾晒至含水量20~40%,粉碎后过20~40目筛,得牧草粉;
2)取牧草粉65kg,加入玉米粉22kg,麸皮粉10kg,石膏粉3kg,混均后加水60kg,再次混拌均匀;
3)将混合均匀的原料装入耐高温的塑料薄膜袋中,压实,料袋中间扎孔,料袋一端用棉花,三层报纸和胶圈封口,成为菌包;
4)菌包用蒸汽灭菌,压力Mpa:0.12,温度120℃,保持3小时,冷却后在无菌箱内接入江山白菇固体菌种(市场有售),于23℃培养32天,至菌包发菌至全白色。将菌包移入13℃室内5W白炽灯下培养,至出现菇蕾时用长约20~25cm纸套将菌包开口罩上,直到长出正常的金针菇子实体长约13~15cm时即可采摘成品。
菌包采摘金针菇后,及时脱去塑料薄膜,使菌糠于日光下曝晒至含水量低于11~12%,再经过粉碎过30目筛,为良好的山羊饲料,装入塑料袋外套无纺布袋,双层包装即可长期存放,用于圈养山羊的日粮饲料,20kg体重山羊,日喂料6~8kg,日增体重0.43~0.45kg。
经过检测,用生态牧草代料栽培江山金针菇前后营养成分对比如下:
生态牧草白菇菌糠成分比较
Claims (1)
1.一种生态牧草栽培金针菇的方法,包括以下步骤
1)将成熟后的禾本科牧草晒干至水分20~40%,粉碎后过20~40目筛,得牧草粉,所说的牧草为皇竹草,按每亩用种苗2000~2500株种植,芽苗朝上,培土3~5cm,长至200~300cm高度为成熟;
2)按重量百分比取原料:牧草粉60~65%,玉米粉20~25%,麸皮粉8~12%和石膏粉1~3%,将上述原料加水混合均匀,用水量为上述原料总重量的60~65%;
3)将混合均匀的原料装入耐高温塑料薄膜袋中,压实,料袋中间扎孔,料袋一端封口,成为菌包;
4)菌包用蒸汽灭菌,压力MPa:0.1~0.2,温度110~120℃,保持2~3小时,冷却后于无菌条件下接入江山白菇菌种,在20~25℃,保持30~35天,使菌包发菌至全白色,打开袋口,于8~13℃室内5W白炽灯下培养,环境湿度90~100%,当开袋菌包出现小菇蕾后,菌包开口罩上20~25cm纸筒,诱发长出白色金针菇。
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CN102823424B (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-01-29 | 合肥福泉现代农业科技有限公司 | 一种金针菇再生出菇栽培方法 |
CN102823425B (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-01-29 | 合肥福泉现代农业科技有限公司 | 一种利用棉籽壳金针菇袋料栽培方法 |
CN103493659B (zh) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-07-08 | 华南农业大学 | 一种皇竹草快繁育苗方法 |
CN104326802A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-02-04 | 铜陵市香江食用菌种植有限责任公司 | 一种木耳培养基及其制备方法 |
CN105393795A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-16 | 贵州省织金县高原食用菌研究中心 | 一种红托竹荪栽培种的制种方法 |
CN107466679A (zh) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-15 | 贵州普定印象朵贝农业开发有限公司 | 一种利用杂草种植金针菇的方法 |
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CN1058691A (zh) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-02-19 | 福建农学院食用菌实验场 | 菌草代木代粮栽培食用菌方法 |
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唐祥宁 等.百喜草栽培金针菇试验.《中国食用菌》.2001,第20卷(第4期), * |
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