CN102227308A - 复合结构的表面膜 - Google Patents
复合结构的表面膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102227308A CN102227308A CN2009801474924A CN200980147492A CN102227308A CN 102227308 A CN102227308 A CN 102227308A CN 2009801474924 A CN2009801474924 A CN 2009801474924A CN 200980147492 A CN200980147492 A CN 200980147492A CN 102227308 A CN102227308 A CN 102227308A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- skin covering
- curable
- hierarchy
- storage modulus
- certain embodiments
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004841 bisphenol A epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZWOULFZCQXICLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-1-phenylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZWOULFZCQXICLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000240602 cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical class C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
- B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/42—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/02—Synthetic macromolecular particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/06—Vegetal particles
- B32B2264/062—Cellulose particles, e.g. cotton
- B32B2264/067—Wood particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/105—Metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/107—Ceramic
- B32B2264/108—Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/12—Mixture of at least two particles made of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了在25℃下具有储能模量G’t25的分层结构,该分层结构包括:a)固化的聚合物复合材料,所述聚合物复合材料在25℃下具有储能模量G’s25以及b)结合在其上的固化的表面膜;其中G’t25不显著高于G’s25,一般不高于G’s25的118%。在一些实施例中,所述固化的表面膜包括导电层,一般是金属层。在一些实施例中,所述固化的表面膜包含固化的环氧树脂,所述环氧树脂可选地为链延长环氧树脂,并且可以不含磷。所得的分层结构可呈现高的耐蚀性、高抗腐蚀性以及对微裂纹的高抵抗性。在另一方面,还提供了制备所述分层结构的方法。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2008年11月26日提交的美国临时专利申请号No.61/118242的优先权,该专利的公开内容以引用方式全文并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物纤维增强的复合材料的表面膜,可选地包括导电层,该导电层呈现出高耐蚀性(erosion resistance)、高耐腐蚀性(corrosion resistance)以及对微裂纹的高抵抗性。该薄膜根据如下方式选择,即与裸露的复合材料的储能模量相比,带有该表面膜的复合材料的储能模量没有较大的提高。
发明内容
简而言之,本发明提供了一种在25℃具有储能模量G’t25的分层结构,该分层结构包括:a)固化的聚合物复合材料,该聚合物复合材料在25℃具有储能模量G’s25;以及b)结合在其上的固化的表面膜;其中G’t25不高于G’s25的118%,更典型地不高于115%,更典型地不高于112%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于108%,在一些实施例中不高于106%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。在上述的一些实施例中,G’t25至少为G’s25的101%。在其它的实施例中,本发明提供了一种在-54℃具有储能模量G’t-54的分层结构,该分层结构包括:a)固化的聚合物复合材料,该聚合物复合材料在-54℃具有储能模量G’s-54;以及b)结合在其上的固化的表面膜;其中G’t-54不高于G’s-54的122%,更典型地不高于118%,更典型地不高于115%,在一些实施例中不高于111%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于107%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。在上述的一些实施例中,G’t-54至少为G’s-54的101%。在一些实施例中,固化的表面膜包括导电层(典型地为金属层),其可选地为箔、扩展箔(expanded foil)、网片、织物、线材等等。在一些实施例中,固化的表面膜包含固化的环氧树脂,该环氧树脂可选地为链延长环氧树脂。典型地,该树脂不含磷。在一些实施例中,分层结构呈现高耐蚀性。在一些实施例中,分层结构呈现高耐腐蚀性。在一些实施例中,分层结构对微裂纹具有高抵抗性。在一些实施例中,分层结构对热冲击的微裂纹具有高抵抗性。在一些实施例中,分层结构对机械应力的微裂纹具有高抵抗性。
在另一方面,本发明提供了制备分层结构的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:a)提供可固化的聚合物复合材料;b)提供可固化的表面膜;c)提供工具,该工具的形状与所需要的分层结构的形状相反;d)按照可固化的表面膜、可固化的聚合物复合材料的顺序将二者放入工具中;和e)对可固化的聚合物复合材料和可固化的表面膜进行固化。在一些实施例中,所得的分层结构在25℃具有储能模量G’t25,其中按照相同方式制备但是缺少可固化的表面膜的结构在25℃具有储能模量G’s25;其中G’t25不高于G’s25的118%,更典型地不高于115%,更典型地不高于112%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于108%,在一些实施例中不高于106%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。在上述的一些实施例中,G’t25至少为G’s25的101%。在其它的实施例中,所得的分层结构在-54℃具有储能模量G’t-54,其中按照相同方式制备但是缺少可固化的表面膜的结构在-54℃具有储能模量G’s-54;其中G’t-54不高于G’s-54的122%,更典型地不高于118%,更典型地不高于115%,在一些实施例中不高于111%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于107%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。在上述的一些实施例中,G’t-54至少为G’s-54的101%。在一些实施例中,固化在低于大气压的条件下进行,典型的低于一个大气压的90%,更典型地低于一个大气压的50%,以及更典型地低于一个大气压的10%。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包括导电层(一般为金属层),其可选地为箔、扩展箔、网片、织物、线材等等。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含可固化环氧树脂,该环氧树脂可选地为链延长环氧树脂。典型地,该树脂不含磷。在一些实施例中,所得的分层结构呈现高的耐蚀性。在一些实施例中,所得的分层结构呈现高的耐腐蚀性。在一些实施例中,所得的分层结构对微裂纹呈现高耐受性。在一些实施例中,所得的分层结构对热冲击的微裂纹呈现高耐受性。在一些实施例中,所得的分层结构对机械应力的微裂纹呈现高耐受性。
附图说明
图1为下文实例部分描述的分层结构的示意图。
图2为下文实例部分描述的分层结构的示意图。
图3为下文实例部分描述的现有技术分层结构的显微图。
图4为下文实例部分描述的现有技术分层结构的显微图。
图5为下文实例部分描述的现有技术分层结构的显微图。
图6为下文实例部分描述的现有技术分层结构的显微图。
图7为下文实例部分描述的根据本发明的分层结构的显微图。
图8为下文实例部分描述的根据本发明的分层结构的显微图。
具体实施方式
本发明一般地涉及用于表面复合材料结构的面材及其使用方法。
使用纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板已在航空和汽车行业的各种应用中被广泛接受,因为它们重量轻、强度高且刚性好。将纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板应用到工业应用中的最大推动力是重量减轻的有益效果和性能的增强。多种航空部件是由玻璃纤维和碳纤维增强的复合材料制造的,包括飞机机身部分和机翼结构。但是尽管重量轻并且强度高,复合材料结构却不具有接近于以前广泛使用的铝结构的导电性。需要对复合材料结构提供充分的雷击保护。复合材料结构,特别是不经常接地的复合材料飞行器必须依赖避雷系统作为电能耗散装置,其能够快速驱散遍及整个飞行器结构主体的电荷。为了防止腐蚀以及随后的导电性损失,可以在表面膜内封进金属雷击组件。避雷系统必须充分导电、轻量且耐久。避雷系统的耐久性在很大程度上取决于封装金属组件的面层聚合物的可靠性。由于连续的温度、湿度以及压力变化、不同组件的热膨胀系数差异、内应力、金属组件和面层聚合物之间的低于理想值的界面粘合力、以及各种飞行器组件上的连续的周期性应力,这些因素使避雷系统往往在主体产生微裂纹和表面裂纹。微裂纹和表面裂纹可以使避雷系统的金属组件由于允许水分渗透,而易受到腐蚀和随后的导电性损失。雷击保护的腐蚀恶化会导致检查时间、维修时间和维修费用的增加,以及飞行器安全性的潜在损害。微裂纹和表面裂纹会扩展到表面,最终在油漆面上产生可见缺陷,并且进一步地增加维修费用。
本发明揭示了根据本发明的具有表面膜的固化复合材料物的抗微裂纹性能与表面膜的弹性(储能)模量(G’)有关。弹性(储能)模量(G’)可通过常规方法进行测试,典型地为如实例所述的流变动态分析仪,变形模式。根据本发明,对表面膜改进后的微裂纹抗性进行测定,其中薄膜根据如下方式选择,即与裸露的复合材料的储能模量相比,带有该表面膜的复合材料的储能模量没有较大的提高。这种选择也可详述如下:在25℃测量的具有表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’t25]不高于在25℃测量的不带表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’s25]的118%,更典型地不高于115%,更典型地不高于112%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于108%,在一些实施例中不高于106%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。这种选择还可详述如下:在-54℃测量的具有表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’t-54]不高于在-54℃测量的不带表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’s-54]的118%,更典型地不高于115%,更典型地不高于112%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于108%,在一些实施例中不高于106%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。
可以使用任何适当的聚合物复合材料。本发明中可用的复合材料可以包含任何适当的增强成分,增强成分可以包括金属、木材、聚合物、碳颗粒或纤维、玻璃颗粒或纤维、或者它们的组合;并且可以包括任何适当的基质成分,基质成分可以包括聚酯、乙烯酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚丙烯、PEEK(聚醚醚酮),或者其它此类聚合物或者它们的组合;并且可以任选地使用预浸材料制备。
可以使用满足本文所要求储能模量的任何适当的表面膜。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含可固化环氧树脂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含可固化环氧树脂,该环氧树脂可选地为链延长环氧树脂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含核壳橡胶增韧剂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含尿烷改性的环氧树脂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含CTBN(端羧基丁腈橡胶)改性的环氧树脂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含酚氧树脂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含微粉化的酚氧树脂。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含酚类固化剂。典型地该树脂不含磷。
可固化的表面膜的成分一般不同于聚合物复合材料的可固化基体聚合物的成分。可固化的表面膜的成分一般不同于聚合物复合材料的固化基体聚合物的成分。
在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜包含导电层(一般为金属层),其可选地为箔、扩展箔、网片、织物、线材等等。
可固化的表面膜可以具有任何适当的厚度,一般为0.05至1.0mm之间。
分层结构可以采用任何适当方法制备。在一些实施例中,可固化的表面膜和可固化的聚合物复合材料按照上述顺序被层叠起来,放在一个工具中,该工具的形状与希望的分层结构所需的形状相反,然后将该可固化的聚合组合物以及可固化的表面膜固化。在一些实施例中,通过加热完成固化。在一些实施例中,固化在低于大气压的条件下进行,典型的低于一个大气压的90%,更典型地低于一个大气压的50%,以及更典型地低于一个大气压的10%。
下面的实例进一步说明本发明的目的和优点,但这些实例中列举的具体材料和其用量以及其他条件和细节不应被解释为是对本发明的不当限制。
实例1-5和比较例1-5
除非另外说明,否则所有的试剂均得自或可得自Aldrich Chemical Co.(Milwaukee,Wisc.),或者可通过已知的方法合成。
所用材料:
EPONTM1004F:中分子量双酚A基聚环氧化物树脂,环氧化物当量为800至950克/当量,Hexion Specialty Chemicals GmbH,得自Resolution Performance Products,Houston,Texas。
D.E.H.TM 85:未改性的酚类固化剂,活性氢当量为250至280克/当量,得自Dow Chemical Company,Midland,Michigan。
PAPHENPKHP-200:微粉化的酚氧树脂,粒度<200微米,得自Phenoxy Associates,Rock Hill,SC USA。
HYPOXTM UA10:HyPoxTM UA10尿烷改性双酚A环氧树脂,得自CVC Specialty Chemicals Inc.,Moorestown,New Jersey,USA。
HYPOXTM RA95:HyPoxTM RA95CTBN改性双酚A环氧树脂,得自CVC Specialty Chemicals Inc.,Moorestown,New Jersey,USA。
KANE ACEMX 120:在双酚A基未改性液体环氧树脂中含25%浓度的核壳橡胶增韧剂,得自Kaneka Texas Corporation,6161 Underwood Road,Pasadena TX 77507。
OMICURETM U-52:使用芳香取代脲(4,4′亚甲基二(苯基二甲基尿素))作为潜伏性促进剂用于环氧树脂的双氰胺固化,得自CVC Specialty Chemicals Inc.,Moorestown,New Jersey,USA。
AF-555:3MTM Scotch-WeldTM Structural Adhesive Film AF-555 U.015,无支撑的热固性环氧结构型粘合剂,设计固化温度300℉(149℃)至350℉(177℃),得自3M公司。
AF-191:3MTM Scotch-WeldTM Structural Adhesive Film AF-191 U 0.05,用于将复合材料、金属粘合至金属,以及将金属粘合至蜂窝构件的无支撑的热固性改性环氧树脂,并且在350℉(177℃)具有高强度和剥离,得自3M公司。
AF-325:3MTM Scotch-WeldTM低密度复合材料表面膜AF-325,蓝色,.035,得自3M公司。
FM300-2K:FM300-2K 0.08红色改性环氧树脂粘合剂薄膜,包含用于支撑的针织载体,得自Cytec Engineered Materials Technical Service Havre de Grace,MD 21078。
SYNSKINHC 9837.1:环氧树脂基复合材料表面膜,用于改进蜂窝增强复合材料部件的表面质量,包含用于支撑的无纺布织物。得自Henkel Corporation,Aerospace Group,2850Willow Pass Road,Bay Point,CA 94565。
衬垫:硅化牛皮纸,以产品#23210(76#BL KFT H/HP 4D/6MH paper 42″)得自Loparex,IowaCity,IA,USA。
铜扩展箔:DEXMET3CU7-100A,0.040lb/ft2(195.3g/m2),得自Dexmet Corporation,14Commercial Street,P.O.Box 427,Branford,CT 06405。
预浸材料:织物碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料预浸材料,以BMS 8-256,TYPE 4,CLASS 2,STYLE 3K-70-PW,CYCOM970/PWC T300 3K VT 42″得自Critical Materials,Incorporated,Poulsbo,Washington。
表1.配方
树脂组分的制备
对于实例1-5,按照所示比例,将表1中的聚环氧树脂和流动改性剂(如果适用)装入一个200克容量的塑料容器中。将该容器在125℃下于鼓风烘箱中加热约15分钟,随后将其移出并置于行星式混合机(SPEED MIXERTM,Model DA 400FV,得自Synergy Devices Limited,Buckinghamshire,United Kingdom)中,以2750rpm的转速运行1分钟。然后将盛放聚环氧树脂和流动改性剂(如果适用)的共混物的容器返回至烘箱中在120℃下均衡15至20分钟。接着,向所述树脂/改性剂共混物中加入增韧改性剂,按照上述方法混合,随后将容器从行星式混合机中移出,并冷却至100℃以下。随后加入固化剂,按照上述方法混合共混物。将容器从混合机中移出后,将容器内侧壁刮平,随后将该容器放回混合机中再循环一次。立即将得到的树脂组分用于制备未固化的衬垫支撑的表面膜。
未固化衬垫支撑表面膜的制备
将来自于“树脂组分的制备”工序的热[90℃/194℉]组分涂覆于两个0.005英寸(0.13毫米)厚的纸衬垫之间,每个纸衬垫在一侧都具有硅树脂防粘涂层,并在相反侧具有聚乙烯涂层,使得表面膜与每个衬垫的硅树脂涂覆侧相接触。以上操作通过使用刮刀床涂覆工位完成,该刮刀床涂覆工位的设定间隙为0.008英寸(0.20毫米),这比防粘衬垫厚度和床组合后还要大,并且刀温度为194℉(90℃)。随后得到衬垫支撑的表面膜。将该衬垫/表面膜/衬垫夹层物在室温下储存24小时(约72℉(22℃)),然后在-20℉(-29℃)储存直至进一步使用。
具有雷击保护的未固化表面膜层叠制品的制备(铜扩展箔)
使用前,将衬垫/表面膜/衬垫夹层物样品在室温下均衡。该夹层物一侧的衬垫移除,该衬垫长约为11.5英寸(29.2厘米),宽约为6英寸(15.2厘米)。铜扩展箔(Expanded Copper Foil)放置在该裸露表面膜的表面上。同样地,作为比较例,将铜扩展箔置于比较表面膜的外露表面上。该铜扩展箔尺寸比夹层物略大。用铜扩展箔取代衬垫,随后将这种树脂浸渍增强材料在约140℉(60℃)下通过两个覆有橡胶的加热夹辊。利用供气压力约为20psi(137.9kPa)的空气加压活塞控制上辊的位置以及上辊与下驱动辊的接触压力。得到其中嵌入铜扩展箔且两侧均有防粘衬垫的表面膜。
在一个外表面上具有表面膜的固化的聚合物复合材料制品的制备
参照图1,按如下工序制备固化的织物碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料制品10,该复合材料制品10在复合材料基底30的一个外表面上具有表面膜40。将三层4英寸×4英寸(10.16厘米×10.16厘米)的碳纤维预浸材料相互叠置,并在所得到结构的上层主外表面上放置一层根据“未固化衬垫支撑表面膜的制备”所述工序获得的表面膜。另外,作为比较例,使用一层比较表面膜。将该树脂浸渍增强材料放入真空袋中,表面膜正对着随后被放入高压釜中的工具表面。在室温(约72℉(22℃))下施加约28英寸汞柱全真空10至15分钟,随后逐渐增加外部压力至55psi(397kPa)。在固化周期期间保持真空袋处于全真空(28英寸汞柱)之下,将温度以5℉/分钟(2.8℃/分钟)的速度升高至350℉(177℃),并原地保持2小时。随后将在一面具有表面膜40的固化的聚合物复合材料制品10以10℉/分钟(5.5℃/分钟)的速度冷却至室温,在冷却至室温时释放压力,并且将约为0.045英寸(0.114mm)的固化的制品从高压釜和真空袋取出。
具有表面膜并在一个外表面具有铜扩展箔的固化的聚合物复合材
料制品的制备
参照图2,按如下工序制备固化的织物碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料制品20,该复合材料制品20在复合材料基底30的一个外表面上具有表面膜50,该表面膜50具有铜扩展箔60形式的雷击保护作用。将三层4英寸×4英寸(10.16厘米×10.16厘米)的碳纤维预浸材料相互叠置,并在所得到结构的上层主外表面上放置一层根据“具有雷击保护的未固化的表面膜层叠制品的制备(铜扩展箔)”描述的工序获得的表面膜。将该树脂浸渍增强材料放入真空袋中,表面膜正对着随后被放入高压釜中的工具表面。在室温(约72℉(22℃))下施加约28英寸汞柱全真空10至15分钟,随后逐渐增加外部压力至55psi(397kPa)。在固化周期期间保持真空袋处于全真空(28英寸汞柱)之下,将温度以5℉/分钟(2.8℃/分钟)的速度升高至350℉(177℃),并原地保持2小时。随后将在一面具有表面膜的固化的聚合物复合材料制品(图2)10以10℉/分钟(5.5℃/分钟)的速度冷却至室温,在冷却至室温时释放压力,并且将厚度约为0.045英寸(0.114mm)的固化的制品从高压釜和真空袋取出。
用雨蚀模拟器测试
美国专利公开No.2008/0209981A1“液滴冲击测试方法和设备”中详细描述了用于测试雨蚀耐受性的装置,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
使用0.177口径气枪(“Drozd Air Gun”,European American Armory Corporation,Cocoa,FL,)和1/2英寸(1.27cm)直径聚氯乙烯管作为枪管段组装测试装置。使用连接有压力设定约为60psi(414kPa)压缩氮气罐(Oxygen Service Company,St.Paul,MN)的弹丸枪驱动4.5mm II级醋酸酯弹丸(Engineering Laboratories,Inc,Oakland,NJ)。用通过使用水泵(部件为23609-170,VWR,West Chester,PA)输送的水流注连续地覆盖样品。用CED Millennium测速仪(得自Competitive Edge Dynamics LLC(Orefield,Pa))测量粒料的速度。
从根据上述制备的较大的测试面板上用金刚石锯加工出测试样品。通过以下方式测试样品:将具有表面膜的固化的聚合物复合材料制品或者具有表面膜并在一个外表面具有铜扩展箔的固化的聚合物复合材料制品的约0.5英寸×0.5英寸(1.27cm ×1.27cm)样品粘附于一块圆形304不锈钢板上,该不锈钢板具有7.6cm的外径和直径0.35cm的中心孔。将测试样品的未贴附复合材料面向下放置在不锈钢基底上。使用3MTM Scotch-WeldTM 2158B/A的两部分粘合剂组合将样品粘合至不锈钢基底上。用于将样品粘合至基底的粘合剂在测试前需在75℉(24℃)下固化24小时。以10次射击/秒的射出速度进行测试。测试结果示于下表2和表3。
表2.无铜扩展箔的复合材料面层面板的模拟雨蚀测试的结果
表3.直铜扩展箔的复合材料面层面板的模拟雨蚀测试的结果
采用具有外部光源的博士伦可变(7x至30x)倍率光学显微镜对样品的裂纹进行检查。由更高的“发现裂纹前的射击数”证实,根据本发明的表面膜与比较面层方案相比,显示出更好的耐久性。
图3为在雨蚀模拟器上测试后的具有铜的比较例5(FM300-2K)测试样品的显微图。图4为在雨蚀模拟器上测试后的具有铜的比较例3(AF-191)测试样品的显微图。图5为在雨蚀模拟器上测试后的具有铜的比较例1(AF-325)测试样品的显微图。图6为在雨蚀模拟器上测试后的具有铜的比较例2(AF-555)测试样品的显微图。图7为在雨蚀模拟器上测试后的具有铜的实例1(SF-1)测试样品的显微图。图8为在雨蚀模拟器上测试后的具有铜的实例4(SF-4)测试样品的显微图。
静态热冲击测试
从根据上述制备的较大的测试面板上用金刚石锯加工出测试样品,测试样品尺寸约为5.0英寸(12.7cm)×1.5英寸(3.8cm)×0.045英寸(0.114cm)。
按照上文所述制备具有铜扩展箔的代表各实例或比较例的5个测试样品,在放入双室热冲击炉之前,先在75℉/环境湿度的条件下适应7天。该双室热冲击炉的一个室能够维持-67℉(-54℃),另一个室能够维持180℉(80℃)。在各温度上的平衡时间为10分钟。在大约7天里可获得1000小时的暴露于热冲击的时间。
在1000小时和2000小时的时刻,从热冲击炉中移出代表各实例或比较例的一个样品,进行微裂纹检查。剩余的样品允许继续测试。
使用与雨蚀模拟样品裂纹测试中所使用的相同显微镜对样品裂纹进行检查。
表4.静态热冲击结果
流变动态分析仪(RDA),变形模式
从根据上述制备的较大的具有铜扩展箔的测试面板上用金刚石锯加工出测试样品,测试样品尺寸约为1.5英寸(3.8cm)×1/4英寸(0.635cm)×0.045英寸(0.114cm)。并且,制备类似尺寸的测试样品,该样品仅有三层固化的织物碳纤维增强的复合材料,在外表面上无任何表面膜。使用流变动态分析仪按照变形法测试样品,测试条件为:为1Hz或10Hz频率,0.2%或1.0%的施加应变百分比,以及75℉(24℃)或-67℉(-54℃)的等温条件。在10Hz频率、1.0%的应变、75℉(24℃)和-67℉(-54℃)温度下持续测试2小时。在1Hz频率、0.2%的应变、-67℉(-54℃)温度下持续测试24小时。
表5.变形RDA测试结果
采用具有外部光源的博士伦可变(7x至30x)倍率光学显微镜对变形模式RDA测试后的样品进行裂纹检查。
表5中数据表明,根据本发明的表面膜的微裂纹抗性优于比较例。
表6记述了代表实例和比较例的样品的弹性(储能)模量(G’)数据。在RDA测试法中,G’被定义为弹性(储能)模量=cosδ(τ/γ),其中δ为相位角(应力向量和应变向量间的相移),τ为应力,γ为应变。
具有在一个外表面采用铜扩展箔的根据本发明的表面膜的固化的复合材料制品的微裂纹抗性与表面膜的弹性(储能)模量(G’)有关(具体如用常规方法所测试,典型地采用流变动态分析仪、变形模式,如上文所述)。发现根据本发明的表面膜具有改进的微裂纹抗性,特别是在无表面膜的三层复合材料基底的储能模量G’s与有雷击保护表面膜的三层复合材料基底的储能模量G’s+G’s之比为0.85或更大的情况下;即微裂纹抗性系数[C]大于等于0.85时。
C=G’s/(G’s+G’sr)≥0.85
这种选择也可详述如下:在25℃测量的具有表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’t25]不高于在25℃测量的没有表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’s25]的118%,更典型地不高于115%,更典型地不高于112%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于108%,在一些实施例中不高于106%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。这种选择还可详述如下:在-54℃测量的具有表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’t-54]不高于在-54℃测量的没有表面膜的复合材料的储能模量[G’s-54]的118%,更典型地不高于115%,更典型地不高于112%,在一些实施例中不高于110%,在一些实施例中不高于108%,在一些实施例中不高于106%,以及在一些实施例中不高于104%。
在不背离本发明的范围和原理的条件下,本发明的各种修改和更改对本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的,并且应当理解,本发明不应不当地受限于上文示出的示例性实施例。
Claims (20)
1.一种在25℃下具有储能模量G’t25的分层结构,该分层结构包括:
a)固化的聚合物复合材料,该聚合物复合材料在25℃下具有储能模量G’s25;和
b)结合在其上的固化的表面膜;
其中G’t25不高于G’s25的118%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中G’t25不高于G’s25的110%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中G’t25不高于G’s25的104%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中G’t25介于G’s25的101%和118%之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其在-54℃下具有储能模量G’t-54,其中所述固化的聚合物复合材料在-54℃具有储能模量G’s-54;并且其中G’t-54不高于G’s-54的122%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分层结构,其中G’t-54介于G’s-54的101%和122%之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中所述固化的表面膜包括导电层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中所述固化的表面膜包括导电金属层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中所述固化的表面膜包含固化的链延长环氧树脂。
10.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中所述固化的表面膜不含磷。
11.根据权利要求1所述的分层结构,其中所述固化的聚合物复合材料包含基体聚合物,该基体聚合物是与所述固化的表面膜不同的组分。
12.一种制备分层结构的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供可固化的聚合物复合材料,该聚合物复合材料固化后形成在25℃具有储能模量G’s25的固化的聚合物复合材料;
b)选择可固化的表面膜;
c)提供所述可固化的表面膜;
d)提供工具,所述工具的形状与所需要的分层结构的形状相反;
e)将所述可固化的表面膜和所述可固化的聚合物复合材料按此顺序在所述工具中堆叠;和
f)对所述可固化的聚合物复合材料和可固化的表面膜进行固化以制备分层结构,所述分层结构在25℃具有储能模量G’t25;
其中步骤b)选择可固化的表面膜包括将薄膜选择成使G’t25不高于G’s25的118%。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中步骤b)选择可固化的表面膜包括将薄膜选择成使G’t25不高于G’s25的110%。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中步骤b)选择可固化的表面膜包括将薄膜选择成使G’t25不高于G’s25的104%。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中步骤b)选择可固化的表面膜包括将薄膜选择成使G’t25介于G’s25的101%和118%之间。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可固化的表面膜包括导电层。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可固化的表面膜包括导电金属层。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可固化的表面膜包含固化的链延长环氧树脂。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可固化的表面膜不含磷。
20.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可固化的聚合物复合材料包含基体聚合物,该基体聚合物是与所述可固化的表面膜不同的组分。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11824208P | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | |
US61/118,242 | 2008-11-26 | ||
PCT/US2009/065698 WO2010062892A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2009-11-24 | Surfacing film for composite structures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102227308A true CN102227308A (zh) | 2011-10-26 |
CN102227308B CN102227308B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
Family
ID=41571667
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200980147492.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102227308B (zh) | 2008-11-26 | 2009-11-24 | 复合结构的表面膜 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20100129663A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2358523B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5508434B2 (zh) |
KR (2) | KR20110089360A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102227308B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0921248B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2744603C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010062892A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11364690B2 (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2022-06-21 | Giant Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resin-based composite structure and method for forming resin-based composite structure |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013514439A (ja) * | 2009-12-15 | 2013-04-25 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | エポキシ接着剤を有するフルオロポリマーフィルム |
CA2785777C (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2018-04-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Epoxy compositions and surfacing films therefrom |
PL2796484T3 (pl) | 2013-04-26 | 2016-02-29 | Inovachem Eng Ag | Szybka żywica epoksydowa do naprawy powierzchni szkliwionych przez ręczne laminowanie |
DE102016121923A1 (de) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-17 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Materialkombination |
DE102017214770B3 (de) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-14 | VW-VM Forschungsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Zustands oder einer Zustandsänderung einer elektrochemischen Energiespeichervorrichtung und dafür vorbereitete Energiespeichervorrichtung |
DE102019113291A1 (de) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-26 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Blech für die Herstellung einer elektromagnetischen Komponente, insbesondere eines Statorpakets oder eines Rotorpakets, sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektromagnetischen Komponente |
CN110116535B (zh) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-05-18 | 江苏君华特种工程塑料制品有限公司 | 一种连续cf/peek热塑性复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3975322A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-08-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Rapid drying epoxy resin ester |
US6086975A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 2000-07-11 | The Boeing Company | Lighting protection for electrically conductive or insulating skin and core for honeycomb structure |
US5370921A (en) * | 1991-07-11 | 1994-12-06 | The Dexter Corporation | Lightning strike composite and process |
US5225265A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-07-06 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Environmentally durable lightning strike protection materials for composite structures |
EP0675797B1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1997-07-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for manufacturing composite articles having enhanced exterior surface finishes |
US6858260B2 (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 2005-02-22 | Denovus Llc | Curable sealant composition |
US6379812B1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2002-04-30 | Cryovac, Inc. | High modulus, multilayer film |
CA2458702A1 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-13 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Cfrp board and method for making the same |
JP4011458B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-31 | 2007-11-21 | 財団法人川村理化学研究所 | 硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物およびその製造方法 |
JP4139648B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-08 | 2008-08-27 | リンテック株式会社 | 光ディスク製造用シート |
US7274963B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2007-09-25 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Interconnect for implantable medical device header |
US20070027280A1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2007-02-01 | Hahnfeld Jerry L | Multifunctional substituted monomers and polyarylene compositions therefrom |
JP2005097344A (ja) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-04-14 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | ラミネート用接着剤組成物及びそれを用いた接着性フィルム |
EP1727841B1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2010-03-17 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for ethylene multi-block copolymer formation |
US7629695B2 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2009-12-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Stacked electronic component and manufacturing method thereof |
JP4595471B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-30 | 2010-12-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 導電性ペースト、及びそれを用いた多層プリント配線板の製造方法 |
US7649060B2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2010-01-19 | Henkel Corporation | Curable compositions |
US20060182949A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Surfacing and/or joining method |
US7910658B2 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2011-03-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Compositions of ethylene/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer for elastic films and laminates |
JP2006290997A (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-26 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 熱硬化性樹脂組成物および該組成物を用いた接着シート並びに銅箔つき接着シート |
US20070141927A1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Brown Arlene M | Method and system for exterior protection of an aircraft |
EP2013259B1 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2020-06-10 | Cytec Technology Corp. | One-part uv and abrasion resistant pigmented surfacing film composition for prepregs and method for its preparation |
US7896190B2 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2011-03-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Composites having an improved resistance to fatigue |
JP2008087421A (ja) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-04-17 | Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd | 積層フィルムおよびインクジェット記録材料 |
US9511571B2 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2016-12-06 | The Boeing Company | Composite laminate having a damping interlayer and method of making the same |
TW200837137A (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-09-16 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Sealing film and semiconductor device using the same |
US7596986B2 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-10-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of testing liquid drop impact and apparatus |
JP5012434B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-07 | 2012-08-29 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 加飾シート、加飾樹脂成形品の製造方法及び加飾樹脂成形品 |
JP2009175550A (ja) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-06 | Nippon Zeon Co Ltd | 輝度向上フィルム及び液晶表示装置 |
EP2253467A4 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2013-01-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | DECORATION FOIL FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL WORKPIECE |
-
2009
- 2009-11-24 US US12/625,002 patent/US20100129663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-24 JP JP2011538670A patent/JP5508434B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-24 EP EP09764653.3A patent/EP2358523B1/en active Active
- 2009-11-24 BR BRPI0921248-5A patent/BRPI0921248B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-11-24 WO PCT/US2009/065698 patent/WO2010062892A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-11-24 KR KR1020117014379A patent/KR20110089360A/ko active Application Filing
- 2009-11-24 CN CN200980147492.4A patent/CN102227308B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-24 KR KR1020167035503A patent/KR20160149327A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-11-24 CA CA2744603A patent/CA2744603C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-04-10 US US15/482,898 patent/US10442550B2/en active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11364690B2 (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2022-06-21 | Giant Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Resin-based composite structure and method for forming resin-based composite structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20110089360A (ko) | 2011-08-05 |
JP5508434B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
CA2744603A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US20170210485A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
BRPI0921248A2 (pt) | 2016-02-23 |
US20100129663A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
CA2744603C (en) | 2018-01-30 |
JP2012509799A (ja) | 2012-04-26 |
KR20160149327A (ko) | 2016-12-27 |
BRPI0921248B1 (pt) | 2019-08-20 |
CN102227308B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2358523A1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
EP2358523B1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
WO2010062892A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US10442550B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN102227308A (zh) | 复合结构的表面膜 | |
US10016966B2 (en) | Prepreg for manufacturing composite materials | |
AU761069C (en) | Moulding materials | |
AU2013348225B2 (en) | Bonding of composite materials | |
EP1940610B1 (en) | Environmentally stable hybrid fabric system for exterior protection of an aircraft | |
EP2370255B1 (en) | Surfacing film for composites with barrier layer | |
US9290631B2 (en) | Adhesive formulations for bonding composite materials | |
AU2016365119A1 (en) | Surfacing materials for composite structures | |
US20120171477A1 (en) | Method of fabricating a composite structure with a conductive surface | |
KR20180097523A (ko) | 프리프레그 및 그 제조방법 | |
CA2459379A1 (en) | Adhesive for gas barrier laminates and laminated films | |
EP0140603B1 (en) | Repair system | |
EP2525969A2 (en) | Sandwich panels for aerospace structural application | |
JP5296336B2 (ja) | セラミック複合装甲板の製造方法及び取付方法 | |
CN114008115B (zh) | 自粘性预浸料 | |
WO2017089460A1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to fibre reinforced composites | |
EP3962731A1 (en) | Bilayer reinforcement structures | |
EP3380310A1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to fibre reinforced composites |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160106 Termination date: 20191124 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |