CN102218876A - 一种高强度可再生表面防火板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度可再生表面防火板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102218876A CN102218876A CN2011101341391A CN201110134139A CN102218876A CN 102218876 A CN102218876 A CN 102218876A CN 2011101341391 A CN2011101341391 A CN 2011101341391A CN 201110134139 A CN201110134139 A CN 201110134139A CN 102218876 A CN102218876 A CN 102218876A
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- layer
- fortifying fibre
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fibers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920003023 plastics Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004033 plastics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002699 waste materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002344 surface layers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000006260 foams Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002131 composite materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powders Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw materials Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymers Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011819 refractory materials Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound 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- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 abstract 2
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- 239000008078 formaldehyde Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006269 thermoset foams Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001577 copolymers Polymers 0.000 description 16
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Abstract
一种可再生高强度表面防火板及其制造方法，它主要涉及一种室内、外装修及用于一些家具制造的复合材料、环境友好材料板。可再生高强度表面防火板由防火面层、泡沫塑料层、纤维增强层构成。其主要优点是泡沫塑料层为热固性泡沫塑料废弃物，增强材料主要为天然纤维，经热压成型制得板材。本发明制得的板材具有防火防水防潮、无甲醛、稳定性和二次加工性能好，可用于室内、外装修及用于家具制造。
Description
一种高强度可再生表面防火板及其制造方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种高强度可再生表面防火板及其制造方法。具体说是用作室内、外装修和一些家具的制造的高强度防火复合板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着人们生活水平的提高，对装饰板材的需求也变得丰富多彩，不但要求新潮时尚、美观大方、自然简洁、安全耐用，而且对板材的安全防火、无毒无害、绿色环保等方面具有更高的要求。目前市场上常见的装饰板材，如木屑复合板、木制多层板和中纤板等，这些木屑板、木制多层板和中纤板都是以木屑或木板为主要原料，需要大量的木材，不仅生产成本较高，而且由于砍伐木材会对生态环境造成破坏。这些木制板材不但价格昂贵而且容易受潮变形，且不经处理的木质板材不具备防火、防潮功能。
[0003] 材料行业的发展在为人们的生产生活带来巨大便利的同时，也产生了大量的废弃物，尤其是热固性塑料废弃物，其回收难度大且大多由于工艺复杂和能源消耗大而降低其回收价值。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的主要内容是解决现有装饰板材的不足之处，并提供一种防火、防潮、稳定性和二次加工性能好的健康环保装饰板材。且本发明不仅生产成本低、可避免对生态环境造成破坏，而且解决了热固性苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物废弃物的回收再利用问题。
[0005] 一种高强度可再生表面防火板及其制造方法，其特征是它由防火面层、热固性泡沫塑料、增强纤维、组成的多层复合板；热固性泡沫塑料为废弃的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料。
[0006] 本发明是利用防火面层、天然纤维和热固性泡沫塑料废弃物制备复合板材的方法，步骤如下：
[0007] 1)将废弃的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净；将清洗后的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料研磨成20-100目的粉末；
[0008] 2)称量原料粉末，在100-170°C下预热，时间为10_30min ；
[0009] 3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中间部位均勻铺设增强纤维；热固性泡沫塑料废弃物与增强纤维质量百分比为80-95 ： 5-15；
[0010] 4)在压强为5-20MPa，温度为140_200°C，时间为5_30min的条件下热压成型。
[0011] 5)在所得板材的上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层。
[0012] 上述步骤4)成型后的板材可以进行低温定型，其中压强为5_20MPa，温度为 20-80°C，时间为 15-30min。
[0013] 上述步骤幻中的增强纤维层可以设置1-3层，每层的纤维重量相同，若设置2-3 层时，每相邻两层增强纤维的铺设方向均呈90°相互垂直放置。
[0014] 上述步骤1)将废弃的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物切成易于研磨的0. 5-2cm3的块状，然后将其研磨成20-100目的粉末。
[0015] 所述的热固性泡沫塑料废弃物为任意单体摩尔的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物。
[0016] 所述的防火面层为硅酸盐耐火板，型号为JYRT007，厚度为0. 6mm。
[0017] 所述的增强纤维为天然黄麻纤维、天然亚麻纤维、天然苎麻纤维。
[0018] 本发明使用的原料粉末主要利用热固性苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末，在实施步骤2中，对原来粉末的预热干燥温度不宜过高或过低，过高将使原来碳化和裂解，过低则无法实现对原来的彻底干燥而影响所得装饰板材的强度，预热时间也应适中， 经探究在100-170°C下预热10-30min教为合适；实施步骤3中当纤维为一层时应均勻铺设于物料中间部位，当有2-3层时，每层纤维重量和厚度一样，且使相应的热固性塑料层的厚度一样，以免所得板材的性能不均勻，局部强度过低。
[0019] 本发明中为实现真正意义上的环保，在装饰板材的制备过程中完全利用纤维对苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物机体进行物理增强，不使用粘合剂，无溶剂无甲醛，极大地简化了生产工艺、降低了生产成本、减少了资源消耗。所制备的板材具有强度高、防火防潮性能优越、稳定性好、抗变形能力强、平整度高、耐腐蚀等性能。
[0020] 说明书附图
[0021] 图1单层增强纤维防火复合板材示意图；
[0022] 图2双层增强纤维防火复合板材示意图；
[0023] 图3三层增强纤维防火复合板材示意图；
[0024] 其中：1为热固性泡沫塑料、2为增强纤维、3为防火面层。
具体实施方式
[0025] 下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
[0026] 实施例1 ：
[0027] (1)将苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净，然后将其研磨成20-100 目的粉末。
[0028] (2)称取（1)中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末34. 43kg在100°C下预热30min。
[0029] (3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中分三层均勻铺设6. 07kg增强纤维。
[0030] (4)热压成型，压强为20MPa，温度为200°C，时间为30min。
[0031] (5)对制备的板材进行锯边、砂光，并在其上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层，制成标准尺寸的成品板材。
[0032] 其中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末为20-100目粉末，所用增强纤维是天然黄麻纤维，黄麻麻纤维在样板中层沿长边排列，每层的纤维重量相同，每相邻两层增强纤维的铺设方向均呈90°相互垂直放置，所用防火面层是硅酸盐耐火板。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，难燃性符合Bl级难燃材料要求，吸水率4. 30%、抗冲强度28. 13kJ/m2、 抗压强度48. 63MPa、抗弯强度53. 5 IMPa0
[0033] 实施例2 ：[0034] (1)将苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净，然后将其切成0. 5-2cm3 的块状，将块状物研磨成20-100目的粉末。
[0035] (2)称取（1)中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末38. 25kg在100°C下预热30min。
[0036] (3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中分两层均勻铺设6. 07kg增强纤维。
[0037] (4)热压成型，压强为20MPa，温度为200°C，时间为30min。
[0038] (5)低温定型，压强为20MPa，温度为80°C，时间为15min。
[0039] (6)对制备的板材进行锯边、砂光，并在其上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层，制成标准尺寸的成品板材。
[0040] 其中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末为20-100目粉末，所用增强纤维是天然黄麻纤维，黄麻麻纤维在样板中层沿长边排列，每层的纤维重量相同，每相邻两层增强纤维的铺设方向均呈90°相互垂直放置，所用防火面层是硅酸盐耐火板。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，难燃性符合Bl级难燃材料要求。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，吸水率4. 32%、抗冲强度25. 06kJ/m2、抗压强度51. 34MPa、抗弯强度48. 37MPa。
[0041] 实施例3:
[0042] (1)将苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净，然后将其切成0. 5-2cm3 的块状，将块状物研磨成20-100目的粉末。
[0043] (2)称取（1)中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末38. 25kg在150°C下预热15min。
[0044] (3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中间部位均勻铺设一层6. 07kg 增强纤维。
[0045] (4)热压成型，压强为15MPa，温度为180°C，时间为15min。
[0046] (5)低温定型，压强为lOMPa，温度为50°C，时间为IOmin。
[0047] (6)对制备的板材进行锯边、砂光，并在其上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层，制成标准尺寸的成品板材。
[0048] 其中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末为20-100目粉末，所用增强纤维是天然黄麻纤维，黄麻纤维在样板中层沿长边排列，所用防火面层是硅酸盐耐火板。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，难燃性符合Bl级难燃材料要求。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，吸水率3. 94%、抗冲强度26. 35kJ/m2、抗压强度51. 06MPa、抗弯强度45. 48MPa。
[0049] 实施例4 ：
[0050] (1)将苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净，然后将其切成0. 5-2cm3 的块状，将块状物研磨成20-100目的粉末。
[0051] (2)称取（1)中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末36. 45kg在150°C下预热IOmin。
[0052] (3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中分三层均勻铺设4. 05kg增强纤维。
[0053] (4)热压成型，压强为15MPa，温度为180°C，时间为lOmin。
[0054] (5)低温定型，压强为lOMPa，温度为50°C，时间为IOmin。[0055] (6)对制备的板材进行锯边、砂光，并在其上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层，制成标准尺寸的成品板材。
[0056] 其中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末为20-100目粉末，所用增强纤维是天然黄麻纤维，黄麻麻纤维在样板中层沿长边排列，每层的纤维重量相同，每相邻两层增强纤维的铺设方向均呈90°相互垂直放置，所用防火面层是硅酸盐耐火板。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，难燃性符合Bl级难燃材料要求。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，吸水率1. 32%、抗冲强度26. :34kJ/m2、抗压强度50. 16MPa、抗弯强度43. 79MPa。
[0057] 实施例5 ：
[0058] (1)将苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净，然后将其切成0. 5-2cm3 的块状，将块状物研磨成20-100目的粉末。
[0059] (2)称取（1)中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末38. 03kg在170°C下预热IOmin。
[0060] (3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中分两层均勻铺设2. 47kg增强纤维。
[0061] (4)热压成型，压强为lOMPa，温度为140°C，时间为IOmin。
[0062] (5)低温定型，压强为5MPa，温度为30°C，时间为30min。
[0063] (6)对制备的板材进行锯边、砂光，并在其上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层，制成标准尺寸的成品板材。
[0064] 其中苯乙烯-丙烯睛共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物粉末为20-100目粉末，所用增强纤维是天然苎麻纤维，苎麻纤维在样板中层沿长边排列，每层的纤维重量相同，每相邻两层增强纤维的铺设方向均呈90°相互垂直放置，所用防火面层是硅酸盐耐火板。所得板材密度为 900kg/m3的板材，难燃性符合Bl级难燃材料要求。所得板材密度为900kg/m3的板材，吸水率3. 02%、抗冲强度23. 62kJ/m2、抗压强度57. 32MPa、抗弯强度42. 69MPa。
[0065] 以上对本发明做了示例性的描述，应该说明的是，在不脱离本发明的核心的情况下，任何简单的变形、修改或者其他本领域技术人员能够不花费创造性劳动的等同替换均落入本发明的保护范围。
6
Claims (7)
1. 一种高强度可再生表面防火板及其制造方法，其特征是它由防火面层、热固性泡沫塑料、增强纤维、组成的多层复合板；热固性泡沫塑料为废弃的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料；
2. 一种新型纤维增强可再生装饰板材及其制造方法，其特征是步骤如下：1)将废弃的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物清洗干净；将清洗后的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料研磨成20-100目的粉末；2)称量原料粉末，在100-170°C下预热，时间为10-30min ；3)将预热好的原料放入热压机模具中，并在原料中间部位均勻铺设增强纤维；热固性泡沫塑料废弃物与增强纤维质量百分比为80-95 ： 5-15；4)在压强为5-20MPa，温度为140-200°C，时间为5-30min的条件下热压成型。5)在所得板材的上下表面分别粘贴一层防火面层。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是步骤幻中的增强纤维层可以设置1-3层，每层的纤维重量相同，若设置2-3层时，每相邻两层增强纤维的铺设方向均呈90°相互垂直放置。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是将步骤4)成型后的板材进行低温定型，其中压强为 5-20MPa，温度为 20-80°C，时间为 15_30min。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是步骤1)将废弃的苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物泡沫塑料废弃物切成易于研磨的0. 5-2cm3的块状，然后将其研磨成20-100目的粉末。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是步骤幻中所用的防火面层为硅酸盐耐火板，型号为JYRT007，厚度为0.6mm。；所用的粘接剂为环氧树脂与固化剂的组分比为4 ： 1。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是所用的增强纤维为天然黄麻纤维、天然亚麻纤维、天然苎麻纤维。
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| CN2456900Y (zh) * | 2000-12-27 | 2001-10-31 | 刘雄亚 | 高性能客车防火复合地板 |
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